scholarly journals Retrieval of O<sub>2</sub>(<sup>1</sup>Σ) and O<sub>2</sub>(<sup>1</sup>Δ) volume emission rates in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere using SCIAMACHY MLT limb scans

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirmahdi Zarboo ◽  
Stefan Bender ◽  
John P. Burrows ◽  
Johannes Orphal ◽  
Miriam Sinnhuber
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Volume Emission ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Scanning Imaging

Abstract. We present the retrieved volume emission rates (VERs) from the airglow of both the daytime and twilight O2(1Σ) band and O2(1Δ) band emissions in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) onboard the European Space Agency Envisat satellite observes upwelling radiances in limb-viewing geometry during its special MLT mode over the range 50–150 km. In this study we use the limb observations in the visible (595–811 nm) and near-infrared (1200–1360 nm) bands. We have investigated the daily mean latitudinal distributions and the time series of the retrieved VER in the altitude range from 53 to 149 km. The maximal observed VERs of O2(1Δ) during daytime are typically 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than those of O2(1Σ). The latter peaks at around 90 km, whereas the O2(1Δ) emissivity decreases with altitude, with the largest values at the lower edge of the observations (about 53 km). The VER values in the upper mesosphere (above 80 km) are found to depend on the position of the sun, with pronounced high values occurring during summer for O2(1Δ). O2(1Σ) emissions show additional high values at polar latitudes during winter and spring. These additional high values are presumably related to the downwelling of atomic oxygen after large sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Accurate measurements of the O2(1Σ) and O2(1Δ) airglow, provided that the mechanism of their production is understood, yield valuable information about both the chemistry and dynamics in the MLT. For example, they can be used to infer the amounts and distribution of ozone, solar heating rates, and temperature in the MLT.

scholarly journals Retrieval of O<sub>2</sub>(<sup>1</sup>Σ) and O<sub>2</sub>(<sup>1</sup>∆) volume emission rates in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere using SCIAMACHY MLT limb scans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirmahdi Zarboo ◽  
Stefan Bender ◽  
John P. Burrows ◽  
Johannes Orphal ◽  
Miriam Sinnhuber
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Volume Emission ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Scanning Imaging

Abstract. We present the retrieved volume emission rates (VER) from the airglow of both the daytime and twilight O2(1Σ) band and O2(1Δ) band emissions in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT). The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) on-board the European Space Agency Envisat satellite observes upwelling radiances in limb viewing geometry during its special MLT mode over the range 50 to 150 km. In this study we use the limb observations in the visible (595–811 nm) and near infrared (1200–1360 nm) bands. We have investigated the daily mean latitudinal distributions and the time series of the retrieved VER in the altitude range from 53 to 149 km. The maximal observed VER of O2(1Δ) during daytime are typically 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than those of O2(1Σ). The latter peaks at around 90 km, whereas the O2(1Δ) emissivity decreases with altitude, with the largest values at the lower edge of the observations (about 53 km). The VER values in the upper mesosphere (above 80 km) are found to depend on the position of the sun, with pronounced high values occurring during summer for O2(1Δ). O2(1Σ) shows secondary maxima during winter and spring, which are related to the downwelling of atomic oxygen after large sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW). Observations of O2(1Δ) and O2(1Σ) airglow provide valuable information about both the chemistry and dynamics in the MLT and can be used to infer the amounts and distribution of ozone, solar heating rates and temperature in the MLT.

OSAS-B: a balloon-borne heterodyne spectrometer for sounding atomic oxygen in the MLT region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wienold ◽  
Alexey Semenov ◽  
Heiko Richter ◽  
Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Local Oscillator ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
Water Vapor Absorption ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Spectrally Resolved ◽  
Heterodyne Spectrometer ◽  
Mlt Region

&lt;p&gt;The Oxygen Spectrometer for Atmospheric Science on a Balloon (OSAS-B) is dedicated to the remote sounding of atomic oxygen in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region of Earth's atmosphere, where atomic oxygen is the dominant species. Quantitative radiometry of atomic oxygen via its visible and near-infrared transitions has been difficult, due to the complex excitation physics involved. OSAS-B is a heterodyne spectrometer for the thermally excited ground state transition of atomic oxygen at 4.75 THz. It will enable spectrally resolved measurements of the line shape, &amp;#160;which in turn enables the determination of the concentration of atomic oxygen in the MLT. Due to water absorption, this line can only be observed from high-altitude platforms such as a high-flying airplanes, balloons or satellites. Recently the first spectrally resolved observation of the 4.75-THz line has been reported using a heterodyne spectrometer on SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy [1]. Compared to SOFIA a balloon-borne instrument has the advantage of not being hampered by atmospheric water vapor absorption. OSAS-B will comprise a hot-electron bolometer mixer and a quantum-cascade laser as local oscillator in a combined helium/nitrogen dewar. A turning mirror will allow for sounding at different vertical inclinations. The&amp;#160; first flight of OSAS-B is planned for autumn 2022 in the frame of the European HEMERA project [2].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1] H. Richter et al., Direct measurements of atomic oxygen in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere using terahertz heterodyne spectroscopy, accepted for publication in Communications Earth &amp; Environment (2021).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2] https://www.hemera-h2020.eu/&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The O(<sup>1</sup>S) dayglow emission as observed by the WIND imaging interferometer on the UARS

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Singh ◽  
I. C. McDade ◽  
G. G. Shepherd ◽  
B. H. Solheim ◽  
W. E. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Dissociative Recombination ◽  
Model Atmosphere ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Imaging Interferometer ◽  
Volume Emission ◽  
Excitation Mechanisms ◽  
Three Body

Abstract. Volume emission rate profiles of the O(1D-1S) 5577 Å dayglow measured by the WIND imaging interferometer on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite are analyzed to examine the O(1S) excitation mechanisms in the sunlit lower thermosphere and upper mesosphere. The observed emission profiles are compared with theoretical profiles calculated using a model which takes into account all of the known daytime sources of O(1S). These include photoelectron impact on atomic oxygen, dissociative recombination of O+2, photodissociation of molecular oxygen, energy transfer from metastable N2(A3Σ+u) and three body recombination of atomic oxygen. Throughout most of the thermosphere the measured and modelled emission rates are in reasonably good agreement, given the limitations of the model, but in the region below 100 km, where the oxygen atom recombination source is likely to dominate, the measured emission rates are considerably larger than those modelled using the MSIS-90 oxygen atom densities. This discrepancy is discussed in terms of possible inadequacies in the MSIS-90 model atmosphere and/or additional sources of O(1S) at low altitude.

Satellite airglow limb tomography: Methods for recovering structured emission rates in the mesospheric airglow layer

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 552-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. McDade ◽  
Edward J. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Airglow Emissions ◽  
Volume Emission ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Tomographic Technique

In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using satellite airglow limb tomography to study spatial structures in the airglow emissions of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. We describe inversion procedures for converting satellite airglow limb observations into two-dimensional distributions of volume emission rates. The performance of the inversion procedures is assessed using simulated limb observations and we demonstrate the potential of this tomographic technique for studying the horizontal and vertical characteristics of wave-driven disturbances in the 80–100 km region.

A rocket measurement of the O2 Infrared Atmospheric (0–0) band emission in the dayglow and a determination of the mesospheric ozone and atomic oxygen densities

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. J. Evans ◽  
I. C. McDade ◽  
J. Yuen ◽  
E. J. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Band Emission ◽  
Volume Emission ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Matching Pair ◽  
Rocket Measurements ◽  
Near Infrared Spectrometer

Rocket measurements of the [Formula: see text] IR Atmospheric (0–0) band emission in the sunlit mesosphere, which were coordinated with an overpass of the Solar Mesospheric Explorer (SME) satellite, are reported. The IR Atmospheric band volume emission rates, derived from the data obtained with a matching pair of 1.27 μm radiometers, are presented and compared with the emission rates inferred from limb-scan observations made with the near-infrared spectrometer on the SME satellite. The rocket measurements are used to derive the ozone and atomic oxygen number densities in the sunlit mesosphere. The derived concentrations are compared with those obtained from other observations and model calculations.

Seasonal-latitudinal distributions of the populations of the states O2(b1, v = 0 - 2) in the daytime mesosphere and lower thermosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rada Manuilova ◽  
Valentine Yankovsky
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Resonant Absorption ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Volume Emission ◽  
Vibrational Kinetics ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Kinetics Of

&lt;p&gt;In the last decade, it was shown that volume emission rates (VMR) for transitions from the levels O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(b&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;#931;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;, v&amp;#8217; = 0 &amp;#8211; 2) to the levels O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(X&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;#931;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;, v&amp;#8217;&amp;#8217;) can be used as proxies for retrieving the altitude profiles of [O(&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;P )], [O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;] and [CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;] in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) [1, 2]. Despite the fact that, in single experiments, radiation in the bands 762, 688, and 628 nm corresponding to the abovementioned transitions were observed (e. g., [3]), no systematic measurements of the intensities of these emissions have yet been performed. The main source of excitation of the levels O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(b&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;#931;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;, v&amp;#8217; = 0 &amp;#8211; 2) is the energy transfer from the excited O(&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;D) atom, along with the resonant absorption of solar radiation in these bands in the mesosphere.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the framework of the YM2011 model of electronical-vibrational kinetics of the excited products of O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; photolysis, using systematic SABER satellite experimental data on the [O (&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;D)] altitude profiles we calculated the altitudinal-latitudinal distributions of the O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(b&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;#931;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;, v&amp;#8217; = 0 &amp;#8211; 2) concentrations &amp;#160;and VMR in the corresponding bands, using the 2010 data as an example. It was shown that there is a seasonal dependence of the altitude profiles of the concentrations of excited states O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(b&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;#931;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;, v&amp;#8217; = 0 &amp;#8211; 2) obviously related to the seasonal changes of [O(&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;P)] and [O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;] profiles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research &amp;#160;(grant RFBR No. 20-05-00450 A).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1. Yankovsky V. A., Martyshenko K. V., Manuilova R. O., Feofilov A. G. (2016), Oxygen dayglow emissions as proxies for atomic oxygen and ozone in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, 327, 209-231, doi:10.1016/j.jms.2016.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;2. Yankovsky V. A., Vorobeva E. V., Manuilova R. O. (2019), New techniques for retrieving the [O(3P)], [O3] and [CO2] altitude profiles from dayglow oxygen emissions: Uncertainty analysis by the Monte Carlo method, Advances in Space Research, 64, 1948&amp;#8211;1967, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.07.020&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;3. Torr M. T., Torr D. G. (1985), A Preliminary Spectroscopic Assessment of the Spacelab 1/Shuttle Optical Environment, J. Geophys. Res. A 90, 1683&amp;#8211;1690, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA090iA02p01683.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Validation of MIPAS IMK/IAA methane profiles

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5251-5261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Laeng ◽  
J. Plieninger ◽  
T. von Clarmann ◽  
U. Grabowski ◽  
G. Stiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Solar Occultation ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Scanning Imaging ◽  
Satellite Instruments

Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) is an infrared (IR) limb emission spectrometer on the Envisat platform. It measures trace gas distributions during day and night, pole-to-pole, over an altitude range from 6 to 70 km in nominal mode and up to 170 km in special modes, depending on the measurement mode, producing more than 1000 profiles day−1. We present the results of a validation study of methane, version V5R_CH4_222, retrieved with the IMK/IAA (Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Karlsruhe/Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Grenada) MIPAS scientific level 2 processor. The level 1 spectra are provided by the ESA (European Space Agency) and version 5 was used. The time period covered is 2005–2012, which corresponds to the period when MIPAS measured trace gas distributions at a reduced spectral resolution of 0.0625 cm−1. The comparison with satellite instruments includes the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) and the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). Furthermore, comparisons with MkIV balloon-borne solar occultation measurements and with air sampling measurements performed by the University of Frankfurt are presented. The validation activities include bias determination, assessment of stability, precision validation, analysis of histograms and comparison of corresponding climatologies. Above 50 km altitude, MIPAS methane mixing ratios agree within 3 % with ACE-FTS and SOFIE. Between 30 and 40 km an agreement within 3 % with SCIAMACHY has been found. In the middle stratosphere, there is no clear indication of a MIPAS bias since comparisons with various instruments contradict each other. In the lower stratosphere (below 25 km) MIPAS CH4 is biased high with respect to satellite instruments, and the most likely estimate of this bias is 14 %. However, in the comparison with CH4 data obtained from cryogenic whole-air sampler (cryosampler) measurements, there is no evidence of a high bias in MIPAS between 20 and 25 km altitude. Precision validation is performed on collocated MIPAS–MIPAS pairs and suggests a slight underestimation of its uncertainties by a factor of 1.2. No significant evidence of an instrumental drift has been found.

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