scholarly journals Towards verifying CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from hard coal mines using mobile sun-viewing Fourier transform spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Luther ◽  
Ralph Kleinschek ◽  
Leon Scheidweiler ◽  
Sara Defratyka ◽  
Mila Stanisavljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectrometry ◽  
Relative Errors

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from coal production are one of the primary sources of anthropogenic CH4 in the atmosphere. Poland is the largest hard coal producer in the European Union with the Polish side of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) as the main part of it. Emission estimates for CH4 from the USCB for individual coal mine ventilation shafts range between 0.03 kt/a and 20 kt/a, amounting to a basin total of roughly 440 kt/a according to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR, http://prtr.ec.europa.eu/, 2014). We mounted a ground-based, portable, sun-viewing FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer) on a truck for sampling coal mine ventilation plumes by driving cross-sectional stop-and-go Patterns at 1 to 3 km distance to the exhaust shafts. Using a mass balance approach, several of these transects allowed for estimating CH4 emissions based on the observed enhancements of the column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of methane (XCH4). Our resulting emission estimates range from 6 ± 1 kt/a for a single shaft up to 109 ± 33 kt/a for a subregion of the USCB, which is in broad agreement with the E-PRTR reports. Three wind lidars were deployed in the larger USCB region providing ancillary information about spatial and temporal variability of wind and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary-layer. Sensitivity studies show that, despite drawing from the three wind lidars, the uncertainty of the local wind dominates the uncertainty of the emission estimates, by far exceeding errors related to the XCH4 measurements itself. Wind-related relative errors on the emission estimates typically amount to 20 %.

scholarly journals Quantifying CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from hard coal mines using mobile sun-viewing Fourier transform spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 5217-5230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Luther ◽  
Ralph Kleinschek ◽  
Leon Scheidweiler ◽  
Sara Defratyka ◽  
Mila Stanisavljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectrometry ◽  
Relative Errors

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from coal production amount to roughly one-third of European anthropogenic CH4 emissions in the atmosphere. Poland is the largest hard coal producer in the European Union with the Polish side of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) as the main part of it. Emission estimates for CH4 from the USCB for individual coal mine ventilation shafts range between 0.03 and 20 kt a−1, amounting to a basin total of roughly 440 kt a−1 according to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR, http://prtr.ec.europa.eu/, 2014). We mounted a ground-based, portable, sun-viewing FTS (Fourier transform spectrometer) on a truck for sampling coal mine ventilation plumes by driving cross-sectional stop-and-go patterns at 1 to 3 km from the exhaust shafts. Several of these transects allowed for estimation of CH4 emissions based on the observed enhancements of the column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of methane (XCH4) using a mass balance approach. Our resulting emission estimates range from 6±1 kt a−1 for a single shaft up to 109±33 kt a−1 for a subregion of the USCB, which is in broad agreement with the E-PRTR reports. Three wind lidars were deployed in the larger USCB region providing ancillary information about spatial and temporal variability of wind and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. Sensitivity studies show that, despite drawing from the three wind lidars, the uncertainty of the local wind dominates the uncertainty of the emission estimates, by far exceeding errors related to the XCH4 measurements themselves. Wind-related relative errors on the emission estimates typically amount to 20 %.

Estimating coal mine methane emissions using ground-based FTIR spectrometry, WRF driven Lagrangian dispersion modelling, and a regularized inversion approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Luther ◽  
Ralph Kleinschek ◽  
Julian Kostinek ◽  
Mila Stanisavljevic ◽  
Alexandru Dandocsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
North East ◽  
Area Of Interest

&lt;p&gt;Methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) emissions from coal production are one of the main sources of anthropogenic CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; in the atmosphere. Poland is the second largest hard coal producer in the European Union with the Polish area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) as a part of it. Emission estimates for CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; from USCB for individual coal mine ventilation shafts range between 0.03kt CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/yr and 25.9kt CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/yr, amounting to a basin total of roughly 465kt CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/yr (E-PRTR database, 2014). During CoMet (Carbon Dioxide and Methane Mission 2018) four ground-based, portable FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometers EM27/SUN were deployed in the USCB. We arranged these instruments in fixed locations in the North, East, South, and West of the USCB in approx. 50km distance to the center of the basin. This set-up ensures both, upwind and downwind measurements of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; for the prevailing wind directions. Subtracting upwind from downwind XCH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; observations gives the net methane enhancement of the region in between two selected instruments. These enhancements are also modeled with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model Flexpart. The model is driven by WRF wind simulations calculated in a nested domain using data assimilation of 3D wind-lidar data measured at three locations in the area of interest. The residuals between modeled and measured enhancements are minimized with a Phillips-Tikhonov regularized, non-negative least squares approach using the E-PRTR inventory data as a-priori information. The regularization parameters are graphically chosen via L-curve determination. Simulation uncertainty is expressed through an ensemble of different model runs, each with altered, basic meteorological parameters. The model generally matches the E-PRTR inventory data within it's error range for a small number (6 to 10) of coal mine ventilation shafts, whereas it suggests higher emission rates than the E-PRTR for more involved point sources (&gt;30).&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Issues of photovoltaic installation size choice for a hard coal mine

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Sylwester Kaczmarzewski ◽  
Piotr Olczak ◽  
Artur Halbina
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Hard Coal Mining ◽  
Demand Coverage

Poland is the leader in hard coal mining in the European Union and in generation of electricity on this basis, it is related also to low generation of energy from renewable energy sources, in particular photovoltaic installations. The paper analyses the potential of PV installations application for the needs of a selected hard coal mine from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Using the hourly data on its electricity consumption in 2018 various sizes of PV installations were selected, a simple payback period was calculated as well as the percentage of energy from the installation use for the current mine operations. It has been shown that in the case of a mine, having available 20 MW of ordered power and average consumption of approx. 14 MW, an installation of 20 MWp rating covers approx. 15% of the electricity demand per year, while for 1 o’clock p.m., i.e. the hour at which most frequently the peak consumption occurred, the share in electricity demand coverage by the PV installation of this power on average amounts to approx. 50% per year.

Side by side measurements of CO2by ground-based Fourier transform spectrometry (FTS)

Tellus B ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Messerschmidt ◽  
Ronald Macatangay ◽  
Justus Notholt ◽  
Christof Petri ◽  
Thorsten Warneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectrometry

Survey of One-handed Lifting in Manufacturing Industry: A Cross-sectional Study of the BackWorks Study Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 942-946
Author(s):  
Ruoliang Tang ◽  
Jay M. Kapellusch ◽  
Andrew S. Merryweather ◽  
Matthew S. Thiese ◽  
Kurt T. Hegmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Materials Handling ◽  
Manual Materials Handling ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
The One

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health problem and a major cause of lost productivity in workplaces. Manual materials handling (MMH) jobs have traditionally been regarded as risk factor for LBP. Compared to two-handed lifting, one-handed lifting has received little attention in both epidemiological and biomechanical research. In addition, one frequent complaint of the revised NIOSH lifting equation (RNLE) has been the lack of capability to directly evaluate one-handed lifting. Modifications have been proposed by the European Union, however their efficacy and influence have not yet been evaluated. This cross-sectional study provided objective survey of the MMH jobs, especially the one-handed lifting performed in manufacturing industry and investigated the outcomes of three proposed methods to address one-handed lifting using RNLE approach. Preliminary results suggest that workers with some one-handed lifting are associated with higher physical exposure. However, the increase was more significant among those who perform primarily one-handed lifting.

scholarly journals Chemical Exposure: European Citizens’ Perspectives, Trust, and Concerns on Human Biomonitoring Initiatives, Information Needs, and Scientific Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1532
Author(s):  
Maria Uhl ◽  
Ricardo R. Santos ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
Osvaldo Santos ◽  
Ana Virgolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Scientific Results

Over the last few decades, citizen awareness and perception of chemical products has been a topic of interest, particularly concerning national and international policy decision makers, expert/scientific platforms, and the European Union itself. To date, few qualitative studies on human biomonitoring have analysed communication materials, made recommendations in terms of biomonitoring surveillance, or asked for feedback in terms of specific biomonitoring methods. This paper provides in-depth insight on citizens’ perceptions of knowledge of biomonitoring, impact of chemical exposure on daily life, and claims on how results of research should be used. Four semi-structured focus groups were held in Austria, Portugal, Ireland, and the United Kingdom (UK). The cross-sectional observational qualitative design of this study allows for better understanding of public concern regarding chemicals, application, and use of human biomonitoring. The main findings of this study include citizens’ clear articulation on pathways of exposure, the demand on stakeholders for transparent decision-making, and sensitivity in communication of results to the public. Validated and trustful communication is perceived as key to empowering citizens to take action. The results can be used to facilitate decision-making and policy development, and feeds into the awareness needs of similar and future projects in human biomonitoring. Furthermore, it also brings to light ideas and concepts of citizens’ in shaping collaborative knowledge between citizens’, experts, scientists, and policy makers on equal terms.

Do regulations protect workers from occupational exposures to carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic (CMR) agents in France?

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-397
Author(s):  
Nathalie Havet ◽  
Alexis Penot ◽  
Morgane Plantier ◽  
Barbara Charbotel ◽  
Magali Morelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
International Agency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThis article explores the impact of regulations on the implementation of collective protections in France to occupational exposure to carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic (CMR) agents.MethodsIndividual data from the French national cross-sectional survey of occupational hazards conducted in 2010 were analysed. We investigated whether stricter regulations and longer exposures were associated with higher level of collective protection using multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsGeneral ventilation, for which effect is limited as collective protection for CMR products, was present in 19% of situations involving CMR agents while isolation chambers, the most effective form of protection, were only very rarely implemented. Multilevel logistic regressions show that exposure situations to products classified as category 1 or 2 by the European Union do not have a higher probability of benefiting from a collective protection measures. Exposures to products with a Binding Occupational Exposure Limit Value selectively benefited from a better level of protection. Exposures to agents entered on the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) list of proven or probable carcinogens benefited more from effective collective protections than products suspected to be carcinogens but not yet classified by IARC.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the dissemination of evaluations of carcinogens by the IARC translate into improved protective measures even though the IARC classification has no mandatory impact on regulations.

Microbial Methane Formation from Hard Coal and Timber in an Abandoned Coal Mine

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krüger ◽  
Sabrina Beckmann ◽  
Bert Engelen ◽  
Thomas Thielemann ◽  
Bernhard Cramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Abandoned Coal Mine

scholarly journals Investigating Theoretical PV Energy Generation Patterns with Their Relation to the Power Load Curve in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Jurasz ◽  
Jerzy Mikulik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Fuel Feed ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Gross Energy

Polish energy sector is (almost from its origin) dominated by fossil fuel feed power. This situation results from an abundance of relatively cheap coal (hard and lignite). Brown coal due to its nature is the cheapest energy source in Poland. However, hard coal which fuels 60% of polish power plants is picking up on prices and is susceptible to the coal imported from neighboring countries. Forced by the European Union (EU) regulations, Poland is struggling at achieving its goal of reaching 15% of energy consumption from renewable energy sources (RES) by 2020. Over the year 2015, RES covered 11.3% of gross energy consumption but this generation was dominated by solid biomass (over 80%). The aim of this paper was to answer the following research questions: What is the relation of irradiation values to the power load on a yearly and daily basis? and how should photovoltaics (PV) be integrated in the polish power system? Conducted analysis allowed us to state that there exists a negative correlation between power demand and irradiation values on a yearly basis, but this is likely to change in the future. Secondly, on average, daily values of irradiation tend to follow power load curve over the first hours of the day.

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