scholarly journals Influence of particle charging on TEOM measurements in the presence of an electrostatic precipitator

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-449
Author(s):  
N. K. Meyer ◽  
A. Lauber ◽  
T. Nussbaumer ◽  
H. Burtscher
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Particle Number Concentration ◽  
Wood Combustion ◽  
Particle Charging ◽  
Combustion Emissions ◽  
Electrostatic Effect

Abstract. The efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for reducing wood combustion emissions was investigated. Real-time measurements were conducted by directly reading the change in frequency of the tapered element in a Thermo Scientific 1400a TEOM. The measurements have been shown to be influenced by the charge on the aerosols reaching the tapered element such that the TEOM overestimates mass concentration. This electrostatic effect was cross-checked with particle number concentration measurements where no influence was observed. Placing a radioactive neutraliser prior to the TEOM leads to agreement between observed ESP efficiencies as measured by both the TEOM and a CPC.

scholarly journals Influence of particle charging on TEOM measurements in the presence of an electrostatic precipitator

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Meyer ◽  
A. Lauber ◽  
T. Nussbaumer ◽  
H. Burtscher
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Particle Number Concentration ◽  
Wood Combustion ◽  
Particle Charging ◽  
Combustion Emissions ◽  
Electrostatic Effect ◽  
Particle Mass Concentration

Abstract. The efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for reducing wood combustion emissions was investigated. Real-time measurements were conducted by directly reading the change in frequency of the tapered element in a Thermo Scientific 1400a TEOM. These measurements have been shown to be influenced by the charge on the aerosols reaching the tapered element such that the TEOM overestimates mass concentration. This electrostatic effect was crosschecked with particle mass concentration and particle number concentration measurements where no influence was observed. Placing a radioactive neutraliser prior to the TEOM leads to agreement between observed ESP efficiencies as measured by both the TEOM, mass filters and a CPC.

scholarly journals Contribution of ship traffic to aerosol particle concentrations downwind of a major shipping lane

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 8419-8454 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kivekäs ◽  
A. Massling ◽  
H. Grythe ◽  
R. Lange ◽  
V. Rusnak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Particle Number Concentration ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Total Particle Number ◽  
Total Particle

Abstract. Particles in the atmosphere are of concern due to their toxic properties and effects on climate. In coastal areas ship emissions can be a significant anthropogenic source. In this study we investigated the contribution from ship emissions to the total particle number and mass concentrations at a remote location. We studied the particle number concentration (12 to 490 nm in diameter), the mass concentration (12 to 150 nm in diameter) and number and volume size distribution of aerosol particles in ship plumes for a period of four and a half months at Høvsøre, a coastal site on the western coast of Jutland in Denmark. During episodes of western winds the site is about 50 km downwind of a major shipping lane and the plumes are approximately one hour aged when they arrive at the site. We have used a sliding percentile based method for separating the plumes from the measured background values and to calculate the ship plume contribution to the total particle number and PM0.15 mass concentration (mass of particles below 150 nm in diameter, converted from volume assuming sphericity) at the site. The method is not limited to particle number or volume concentration, but can also be used for different chemical species in both particle and gas phase. The total number of analyzed ship plumes was 726, covering on average 19% of the time when air masses were arriving to the site over the shipping lane. During the periods when plumes were present, the particle concentration exceeded the background values on average by 790 cm−3 by number and 0.10 μg m−3 by mass. The corresponding daily average values were 170 cm−3 and 0.023 μg m−3, respectively. This means that the ship plumes contributed between 11 and 19% to the particle number concentration, and between 9 and 18% to PM0.15 during days when air was arriving over the shipping lane. The estimated annual contribution from ship plumes, where all wind directions were included, was in the range of 5–8% in particle number concentration and 4–8% in PM0.15.

scholarly journals Simulating aerosol microphysics with the ECHAM4/MADE GCM – Part II: Results from a first multiannual simulation of the submicrometer aerosol

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5495-5513 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lauer ◽  
J. Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Model System ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Particle Number Concentration ◽  
Microphysical Processes

Abstract. First results of a multiannual integration with the new global aerosol model system ECHAM4/MADE are presented. This model system enables simulations of the particle number concentration and size-distribution, which is a fundamental innovation compared to previous global model studies considering aerosol mass cycles only. The data calculated by the model provide detailed insights into the properties of the global submicrometer aerosol regarding global burden, chemical composition, atmospheric residence time, particle number concentration and size-distribution. The aerosol components considered by the model are sulfate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), mineral dust, sea salt and aerosol water. The simulated climatological annual mean global atmospheric burdens (residence times) of the dominant submicrometer aerosol components are 2.25 Tg (4.5 d) for SO4, 0.46 Tg (4.5 d) for NH4, 0.26 Tg (6.6 d) for BC, and 1.77 Tg (6.5 d) for OM. The contributions of individual processes such as emission, nucleation, condensation or dry and wet deposition to the global sources and sinks of specific aerosol components and particle number concentration are quantified. Based on this analysis, the significance of aerosol microphysical processes (nucleation, condensation, coagulation) is evaluated by comparison to the importance of other processes relevant for the submicrometer aerosol on the global scale. The results reveal that aerosol microphysics are essential for the simulation of the particle number concentration and important but not vital for the simulation of particle mass concentration. Hence aerosol microphysics should be taken into account in simulations of atmospheric processes showing a significant dependence on aerosol particle number concentration. The analysis of the vertical variation of the microphysical net production and net depletion rates performed for particle number concentration, sulfate mass and black carbon mass concentration unveils the dominant source and sink regions. Prominent features can be attributed to dominant microphysical processes such as nucleation in the upper troposphere or wet deposition in the lower troposphere. Regions of efficient coagulation can be identified.

scholarly journals The Influence of Graphene Oxide on Nanoparticle Emissions during Drilling of Graphene/Epoxy Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Engineered Nanomaterials

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Kristof Starost ◽  
James Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Particle Number Concentration ◽  
Weight Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference

Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles are increasingly being used to tailor industrial composites. However, despite the advantages, GO has shown conceivable health risks and toxicity to humans and the environment if released. This study investigates the influence that GO concentrations have on nanoparticle emissions from epoxy-reinforced carbon fiber hybrid composites (EP/CF) during a lifecycle scenario, that is, a drilling process. The mechanical properties are investigated and an automated drilling methodology in which the background noise is eliminated is used for the nanoparticle emissions measurements. Real-time measurements are collected using a condensation particle counter (CPC), a scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer (SMPS), a real-time fast mobility particle spectrometer (DMS50) and post-test analytical methods. The results observe that all three nanoparticle reinforced samples demonstrated a statistically significant difference of up to a 243% increase in mean peak particle number concentration in comparison to the EP/CF sample. The results offer a novel set of data comparing the nanoparticle release of GO with varying filler weight concentration and correlating it the mechanical influence of the fillers. The results show that the release characteristics and the influence in particle number concentration are primarily dependent on the matrix brittleness and not necessarily the filler weight concentration within the nanocomposite.

scholarly journals Development of a suitable detection method for silver nanoparticles in fish tissue using single particle ICP-MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3388-3400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel J. Clark ◽  
Robert Clough ◽  
David Boyle ◽  
Richard D. Handy
Keyword(s):  
Single Particle ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Particle Number Concentration ◽  
Silver Nanomaterials ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Particle Mass Concentration

A strong alkali extraction technique and suitable single particle ICP-MS method is described for the routine quantifying of particle number concentration, particle size and particle mass concentration for silver nanomaterials in fish tissue.

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