scholarly journals Negligible effects of ocean acidification on <i>Eurytemora affinis</i> (Copepoda) offspring production

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Karin Almén ◽  
Anu Vehmaa ◽  
Andreas Brutemark ◽  
Lennart Bach ◽  
Silke Lischka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eurytemora Affinis ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract. Ocean acidification is caused by increasing amounts of carbon dioxide dissolving in the oceans leading to lower seawater pH. We studied the effects of lowered pH on the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis during a mesocosm experiment conducted in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea. We measured copepod reproductive success as a function of pH, chlorophyll a concentration, diatom and dinoflagellate biomass, carbon to nitrogen (C : N) ratio of suspended particulate organic matter, as well as copepod fatty acid composition. The laboratory-based experiment was repeated four times during 4 consecutive weeks, with water and copepods sampled from pelagic mesocosms enriched with different CO2 concentrations. In addition, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of animals from the mesocosms was measured weekly to test whether the copepod's defence against oxidative stress was affected by pH. We found no effect of pH on offspring production. Phytoplankton biomass, as indicated by chlorophyll a concentration and dinoflagellate biomass, had a positive effect. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the females was reflected in the eggs and had a positive effect on offspring production, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids of the females were reflected in their eggs but had no significant effect. ORAC was not affected by pH. From these experiments we conclude that E. affinis seems robust against direct exposure to ocean acidification on a physiological level, for the variables covered in the study. E. affinis may not have faced acute pH stress in the treatments as the species naturally face large pH fluctuations.

scholarly journals Negligible effects of ocean acidification on <i>Eurytemora affinis</i> (Copepoda) offspring production

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 17093-17123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-K. Almén ◽  
A. Vehmaa ◽  
A. Brutemark ◽  
L. Bach ◽  
S. Lischka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eurytemora Affinis ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract. Ocean acidification is caused by increasing amounts of carbon dioxide dissolving in the oceans leading to lower seawater pH. We studied the effects of lowered pH on the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis during a mesocosm experiment conducted in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea. We measured copepod reproductive success as a function of pH, chlorophyll a concentration, diatom and dinoflagellate biomass, carbon to nitrogen (C : N) ratio of suspended particulate organic matter, as well as copepod fatty acid composition. The laboratory-based experiment was repeated four times during four consecutive weeks, with water and copepods sampled from pelagic mesocosms enriched with different CO2 concentrations. In addition, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of animals from the mesocosms was measured weekly to test whether the copepod's defence against oxidative stress was affected by pH. We found no effect of pH on offspring production. Phytoplankton biomass, as indicated by chlorophyll a concentration, had a strong positive effect. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the females were reflected in the eggs and had a positive effect on offspring production, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids of the females were reflected in their eggs but had no significant effect. ORAC was not affected by pH. From these experiments we conclude that E. affinis seems robust against direct exposure to ocean acidification on a physiological level, for the variables covered in the study. E. affinis may not have faced acute pH stress in the treatments as the species naturally face large pH fluctuations.

scholarly journals Parameterization of the light absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes

Ocean Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Meler ◽  
Piotr Kowalczuk ◽  
Mirosława Ostrowska ◽  
Dariusz Ficek ◽  
Monika Zabłocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. This study presents three alternative models for estimating the absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter aCDOM(λ). For this analysis we used a database containing 556 absorption spectra measured in 2006–2009 in different regions of the Baltic Sea (open and coastal waters, the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Pomeranian Bay), at river mouths, in the Szczecin Lagoon and also in three lakes in Pomerania (Poland) – Obłęskie, Łebsko and Chotkowskie. The variability range of the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient at 400 nm, aCDOM(400), lay within 0.15–8.85 m−1. The variability in aCDOM(λ) was parameterized with respect to the variability over 3 orders of magnitude in the chlorophyll a concentration Chl a (0.7–119 mg m−3). The chlorophyll a concentration and aCDOM(400) were correlated, and a statistically significant, nonlinear empirical relationship between these parameters was derived (R2 =  0.83). On the basis of the covariance between these parameters, we derived two empirical mathematical models that enabled us to design the CDOM absorption coefficient dynamics in natural waters and reconstruct the complete CDOM absorption spectrum in the UV and visible spectral domains. The input variable in the first model was the chlorophyll a concentration, and in the second one it was aCDOM(400). Both models were fitted to a power function, and a second-order polynomial function was used as the exponent. Regression coefficients for these formulas were determined for wavelengths from 240 to 700 nm at 5 nm intervals. Both approximations reflected the real shape of the absorption spectra with a low level of uncertainty. Comparison of these approximations with other models of light absorption by CDOM demonstrated that our parameterizations were superior (bias from −1.45 to 62 %, RSME from 22 to 220 %) for estimating CDOM absorption in the optically complex waters of the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes.

scholarly journals Parameterization of the light absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian Lakes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Meler ◽  
Piotr Kowalczuk ◽  
Mirosława Ostrowska ◽  
Dariusz Ficek ◽  
Monika Zabłocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. This study presents three alternative models for estimation of absorption properties of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter, aCDOM(l). For this analysis we used a database containing 556 absorption spectra measured in 2006–2009 in different regions of the Baltic Sea (open and coastal waters, the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Pomeranian Bay), at river mouths, in the Szczecin Lagoon and also in three Pomeranian lakes in Poland – Lakes Obłęskie, Łebsko and Chotkowskie. Observed variability range of the CDOM absorption coefficient at 400 nm, aCDOM(400), contained within 0.15–8.85 m−1. The variability in aCDOM(l) was parameterized with respect to three orders of magnitude variability in the chlorophyll a concentration Chla (0.7–119 mg m−3). Chlorophyll a concentration and CDOM absorption coefficient, aCDOM(400) were correlated, and statistically significant, non-linear empirical relationship between those parameters was derived (R2 = 0.83). Based on observed co-variance between these parameters, we derived two empirical mathematical models that enabled to project the CDOM absorption coefficient dynamics in natural waters and reconstruct the completed CDOM absorption spectrum in the UV and visible spectral domains. The first model used the chlorophyll a concentration as the input variable. The second model used the aCDOM(400), as the input variable. Both models were fitted to power function and the second order polynomial function was used as the exponent. Regression coefficients for derived formulas were determined for wavelengths from 240 to 700 nm at 5 nm intervals . Both approximation reflected the real shape of the absorption spectra with low uncertainty. Comparison of these approximation with other models of light absorption by CDOM proved that proposed parameterizations were better (bias from −1.45 % to 62 %, RSME from 22 % to 220 %) for estimation CDOM absorption in optically complex waters of the Baltic Sea and lakes.

Nutritional attributes in the fillet of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) from the Arabian Sea near the south-west coast of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajal Chakraborty ◽  
Vamshi Krishna Raola ◽  
Minju Joy ◽  
Fasina Makkar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Skipjack Tuna ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Long Chain

Inter-annual and seasonal variability in the nutritional parameters of the edible portion of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) collected from the Arabian Sea were determined for a period of 4 years. Greater levels of long chain n-3 fatty acids (35% during pre-monsoon), critical in the human diet for their anti-inflammatory properties with greater n-3:n-6 fatty acid ratio (8:12) demonstrated that this species may serve as an alternative to balance the greater amount of n-6 fatty acids. The present study demonstrated skipjack tuna as a significant source of protein, amino acids, minerals and vitamins. A balanced essential to non-essential amino acid ratio (1.2:1.4) in the fillets indicated that this species could provide well-balanced protein depositions. Vitamins A and K1 demonstrated post-monsoon maxima, whilst vitamins D3 and E showed pre-monsoon maxima. Greater calcium (172 mg 100 g−1) and phosphorus contents (923 mg 100 g−1) were recorded in the fillets of skipjack tuna during the pre-monsoon season. The chlorophyll-a concentration and sea surface temperature of its habitat were considered to understand their effect on the nutritional composition of skipjack tuna all through the study period. Significant correlation between long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (r2 ~ 0.99) of skipjack tuna alongside chlorophyll-a concentration was observed, particularly during the monsoon. The lesser atherogenic/thrombogenicity indices (<1), greater hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic ratio (>1.0), and lesser cholesterol contents (<50 mg 100 g−1) of the fillets in skipjack tuna contributed towards its parameters to be qualified as a high value, balanced nutritional source.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile and nutritional composition of table eggs after supplementation by pumpkin and flaxseed oils

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róbert Herkeľ ◽  
Branislav Gálik ◽  
Henrieta Arpášová ◽  
Daniel Bíro ◽  
Miroslav Juráček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Nutrient Changes ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pumpkin and flaxseed oils on the fatty acid profile and nutrient changes in table eggs. At 38 weeks of age, Lohmann Brown Lite hens were divided into three groups depending up the diet. The birds were housed in individual cages (6 hens per cage) with a space allowance of 943.2 cm2 per hen, and given diet standard complete feed mixture for laying hens. Hens from experimental groups were fed with complete feed mixtures supplemented by pumpkin (group E1) or flaxseed (group E2) oils at a dosage of 3%. The experiment lasted 52 days. In the last week of the trial, the eggs were collected for chemical analysis. Twelve eggs from each dietary treatment were randomly selected and analysed. Significant differences between control and group E1 in the content of crude protein (P < 0.05), between both experimental groups (E1 and E2) in the content of ash (P < 0.01) in yolk, and between control and the experimental groups in the content of dry matter (P < 0.05) in albumen were detected. Significant (P < 0.01) differences were found in contents of myristic, palmitic, heptadecanoic, oleic, linoleic, and cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acids between control and experimental groups E1 and E2. Compared to control, higher (P < 0.01) concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids, lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids and also lower contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the experimental groups were observed. The supplementation of flaxseed oil had a positive effect on the content of n-3 α-linolenic acid.

scholarly journals Effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on organic matter pools and fluxes in a summer Baltic Sea plankton community

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 6181-6203 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Paul ◽  
L. T. Bach ◽  
K.-G. Schulz ◽  
T. Boxhammer ◽  
J. Czerny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Plankton Community ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Ocean acidification is expected to influence plankton community structure and biogeochemical element cycles. To date, the response of plankton communities to elevated CO2 has been studied primarily during nutrient-stimulated blooms. In this CO2 manipulation study, we used large-volume (~ 55 m3) pelagic in situ mesocosms to enclose a natural summer, post-spring-bloom plankton assemblage in the Baltic Sea to investigate the response of organic matter pools to ocean acidification. The carbonate system in the six mesocosms was manipulated to yield average fCO2 ranging between 365 and ~ 1230 μatm with no adjustment of naturally available nutrient concentrations. Plankton community development and key biogeochemical element pools were subsequently followed in this nitrogen-limited ecosystem over a period of 7 weeks. We observed higher sustained chlorophyll a and particulate matter concentrations (~ 25 % higher) and lower inorganic phosphate concentrations in the water column in the highest fCO2 treatment (1231 μatm) during the final 2 weeks of the study period (Phase III), when there was low net change in particulate and dissolved matter pools. Size-fractionated phytoplankton pigment analyses indicated that these differences were driven by picophytoplankton (< 2 μm) and were already established early in the experiment during an initial warm and more productive period with overall elevated chlorophyll a and particulate matter concentrations. However, the influence of picophytoplankton on bulk organic matter pools was masked by high biomass of larger plankton until Phase III, when the contribution of the small size fraction (< 2 μm) increased to up to 90 % of chlorophyll a. In this phase, a CO2-driven increase in water column particulate carbon did not lead to enhanced sinking material flux but was instead reflected in increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Hence ocean acidification may induce changes in organic matter partitioning in the upper water column during the low-nitrogen summer period in the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals Eutrophication and effects of algal bloom in the south–western part of the Curonian Lagoon alongside the Curonian Spit

Baltica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Aleksandrov ◽  
Aleksander Krek ◽  
Ekaterina Bubnova ◽  
Aleksandr Danchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Curonian Lagoon ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Curonian Spit ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
The Baltic

The Curonian Lagoon is the largest coastal lagoon of the Baltic Sea. The Curonian Lagoon is a hypereutrophic water body beset with two major problems: eutrophication and algal blooms. Biological and chemical data for the study of water eutrophication and algal blooms were collected from 4 sampling points in the coastal and off-shore areas at distances of 1 km and 4–5 km from the Curonian Spit during the period from April 2007 to November 2016. The ratio of mineral nitrogen/phosphorus forms created conditions for regular Cyanobacteria hyperblooms during the summer and early autumn. Such blooms are followed by an increase in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, pH and BOD5, their values exceeding the threshold limits for fishery water reservoirs. A distinct peak of chlorophyll a concentration was observed in the period of freshwater Cyanobacteria hyperbloom from July to September or October. During the “hyperbloom” of Cyanobacteria, their accumulation and decomposition, which was caused by a constant wind direction, also led to the local oxygen deficit and fish mortality in the coastal zone. Chlorophyll a concentration was always at the level of intensive bloom (10–100 μg/l) and over the period of 6 years (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016) it reached the hyperbloom state (above 100 μg/l). Water temperature appeared to be one of the key factors determining seasonal and long–term variability in phytoplankton abundance and, therefore, the level of eutrophication in the Curonian Lagoon.

Potentiation of effects of weight loss by monounsaturated fatty acids in obese NIDDM patients

Diabetes ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Low ◽  
E. B. Grossman ◽  
B. Gumbiner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Niddm Patients
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