scholarly journals Mercury mobility, colloid formation and methylation in a polluted Fluvisol as affected by manure application and flooding–draining cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3445-3465
Author(s):  
Lorenz Gfeller ◽  
Andrea Weber ◽  
Isabelle Worms ◽  
Vera I. Slaveykova ◽  
Adrien Mestrot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Floodplain Soils ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Colloid Formation

Abstract. Floodplain soils polluted with high levels of mercury (Hg) are potential point sources to downstream ecosystems. Repeated flooding (e.g., redox cycling) and agricultural activities (e.g., organic matter addition) may influence the fate and speciation of Hg in these soil systems. The formation and aggregation of colloids and particles influence both Hg mobility and its bioavailability to microbes that form methylmercury (MeHg). In this study, we conducted a microcosm flooding–draining experiment on Hg-polluted floodplain soils originating from an agriculturally used area situated in the Rhone Valley (Valais, Switzerland). The experiment comprised two 14 d flooding periods separated by one 14 d draining period. The effect of freshly added natural organic matter on Hg dynamics was assessed by adding liquid cow manure (+MNR) to two soils characterized by different Hg (47.3±0.5 or 2.38±0.01 mg kg−1) and organic carbon (OC: 1.92 wt % or 3.45 wt %) contents. During the experiment, the release, colloid formation of Hg in soil solution and net MeHg production in the soil were monitored. Upon manure addition in the highly polluted soil (lower OC), an accelerated release of Hg to the soil solution could be linked to a fast reductive dissolution of Mn oxides. The manure treatments showed a fast sequestration of Hg and a higher percentage of Hg bound by particulate (0.02–10 µm). Also, analyses of soil solutions by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (AF4–ICP–MS) revealed a relative increase in colloidal Hg bound to dissolved organic matter (Hg–DOM) and inorganic colloidal Hg (70 %–100 %) upon manure addition. Our experiment shows a net MeHg production the first flooding and draining period and a subsequent decrease in absolute MeHg concentrations after the second flooding period. Manure addition did not change net MeHg production significantly in the incubated soils. The results of this study suggest that manure addition may promote Hg sequestration by Hg complexation on large organic matter components and the formation and aggregation of inorganic HgS(s) colloids in Hg-polluted Fluvisols with low levels of natural organic matter.

scholarly journals Mercury mobility, colloid formation and methylation in a polluted fluvisol as affected by manure application and flooding-draining cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz Gfeller ◽  
Andrea Weber ◽  
Isabelle Worms ◽  
Vera I. Slaveykova ◽  
Adrien Mestrot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Floodplain Soils ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Colloid Formation

Abstract. Floodplain soils polluted with high levels of mercury (Hg) are potential point sources to downstream eco-systems. Repeated flooding (e.g. redox cycling) and agricultural activities (e.g. organic matter addition) may influence the fate and speciation of Hg in these soil systems. The formation and aggregation of colloids and particles influences both Hg mobility and its bioavailability to methylmercury (MeHg) forming microbes. In this study, we conducted a microcosm flooding-draining experiment on Hg polluted floodplain soils originating from an agriculturally used area situated in the Rhone Valley (Valais, Switzerland). The experiment comprised two 14 days flooding periods separated by one 14 days draining period. The effect of freshly added natural organic matter on Hg dynamics was assessed by adding liquid cow manure (+MNR) to two control soils characterized by different Hg (47.3 ± 0.6 mg kg−1 or 2.38 ± 0.01 mg kg−1) and organic carbon (OC: 1.92 wt. % or 3.45 wt. %) contents. During the experiment, the release, colloid formation and methylation of Hg in the soil solution were monitored. Upon manure addition in the highly polluted soil (lowest OC), an accelerated release of Hg to the soil solution could be linked to a fast reductive dissolution of Mn oxides. The manure treatments showed a fast sequestration of Hg and a higher percentage of particulate (0.02–10 µm) bound Hg. As well, analyses of soil solutions by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (AF4–ICP–MS) revealed a proportional increase of colloidal DOM-Hg and inorganic colloidal Hg (+MNR: 70–100 %; control: 32–70 %) upon manure addition. Our experiment shows that net Hg methylation (MeHg/Hg) was highest after the first draining period and decreased again after the second flooding period. No significant effects on methylation upon manure addition was found. The results of this study suggest that manure addition may promote sequestration by Hg complexation on large organic matter components and the formation/aggregation of inorganic HgS(s) colloids in Hg polluted fluvisols with low levels of natural organic matter.

Etching Mechanism of Pb-Free Glasses in Acid Solution for Barrier Ribs in Plasma Display Panel

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 574-577
Author(s):  
Jae Myung Kim ◽  
Hyung Sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Bulk Glass ◽  
Plasma Display Panel ◽  
Hno3 Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Display ◽  
Bridge Oxygen

We present the preliminary results of our research on the behavior of lead free glasses in the acid etching process, which is used for the formation of barrier ribs in plasma display panel. The glasses (BaO-B2O3-ZnO system) were etched in HNO3 solution (0.1-1.0% HNO3) at 50°C. The structure and surface of the etched bulk glass were investigated by using inductively coupled plasma and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As a result, Ba (3-35ppm/min) and Zn (2- 27ppm/min) ions as major components were leached in the solution. A decrease of the bridge oxygen and a relative increase of non bridge oxygen in the etched glass were found by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Trace elements characterisation in floodplain soils underlain by crystalline rocks, akure, southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asowata I.T ◽  
Omokolade O.G
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Floodplain Soils ◽  
Plasma Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples

The results of the floodplain soils study on the spatial distribution of selected trace elements in top soils (0 – 30 cm) and sub soils (> 30 – 100 cm) near Ala River, Akure metropolis, are reported. The objectives of this study are to determine the concentration of trace elements in the top and bottom soils, and identify the possible enrichment sources of these elements in the floodplain area. Forty two samples (top soil 21; sub soil 21) were collected for the study. The samples were air dried at room temperature, disaggregated and sieved using 53 µg mesh size. The prepared samples were further digested using modified aqua regia of (1:1:1 HNO3: HCL: H2O). The digests were subjected to elemental analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Emission Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The trace elements concentration in ppm exhibited the following distribution pattern. Cu range in ppm from 6.0 – 53.0 mean 27.43; Pb, 10.0 – 165.0, mean 58.43; Zn, 29.0 – 479.0 mean 223.1; Ni, 10.0 – 20.0, mean 14.86; Co, 16.0 – 33.0, mean 24.29; Mn, 250.0 – 1615.0, mean 983.29; Th 9.0 – 19.0, mean 14.43; V, 35.0 – 89.0, mean 73.05; La 26.0 – 84.0, mean 56.76 and Cr 11.0 – 60.0 mean 40.43. While the result for the sub soils range in ppm, Cu from 3.0 – 51.0, mean 21.24; Pb, 7.0 – 208.0, mean 56.33; Zn, 21.0 - 460.0. mean 149.14; Ni, 8.0 – 29.0, mean 13.76; Co, 12.0 – 37.0, mean 23.95; Mn, 138.0 – 2283.0, mean 806.43; Th 9.0 – 28.0, mean 17.48; V, 40.0 – 105.0, mean 68.71; La 25.0 – 96.0, mean 61.00 and Cr 12.0 – 58.0 mean 35.38. The results of both the top soils and sub soils showed higher concentration metal enrichment than the average shale values. The relative elemental mean concentration is such that Mn> Zn > V > La > Pb > Cr > Co > Cu > Th > Ni in that order. Elements such as Cu, Zn, Pb, V, Mn, Th and Cr had relatively moderate to very strong correlation coefficient (r = 0.54 0.97) with each other, which apparently indicate that these elements are of same source of enrichment in the floodplain. Pb, Zn, V, La, Th and Cr are elements that are of significant environmental concerns.   

INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC MATTER ON Re-Os DATING OF SULFIDES: INSIGHTS FROM THE GIANT JINDING SEDIMENT-HOSTED Zn-Pb DEPOSIT, CHINA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqiang Huang ◽  
Yucai Song ◽  
Limin Zhou ◽  
David L. Leach ◽  
Zhaoshan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract This study evaluates the effect of organic matter impurities on pyrite Re-Os dating, using the giant Jinding sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposit in China as an example. The Jinding deposit is hosted in a Paleocene evaporite dome that was a hydrocarbon reservoir before mineralization. Pyrite in Jinding formed in two stages: pre-ore (py1) and syn-ore (py2). Two types of py1 are recognized, organic matter-free and organic matter-bearing. The organic matter-free py1 contains homogeneously distributed low concentrations of Re (<2.5 ppb) that yields an isochron age of 51 ± 1 Ma (mean square of weighted deviates [MSWD] = 3.2). This date is interpreted to be the age of py1 formation. The organic matter-bearing py1 contains organic matter inclusions trapped during py1 growth and synchronous with bacterial reduction of sulfate. Elemental mapping with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) shows that the organic matter inclusions have Re signals 1 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than those of pyrite, revealing that organic matter is the major host for Re. Such pyrite separates contain 37 to 1,145 ppb Re. The Re-Os data of organic matter-bearing py1 yield an isochron age of 72.9 ± 0.5 Ma (MSWD = 0.2). This age is older than the actual py1 formation age of 51 ± 1 Ma but overlaps with previously dated bitumen Re-Os isochron age of 68 ± 5 Ma at Jinding, indicating that organic matter inclusions can significantly influence the Re-Os dates of pyrite and likely other sulfides. This study demonstrates that in order to date sulfides formed in organic-rich environments using the Re-Os method, it is necessary to determine the distribution of Re in samples using detailed petrography and LA-ICP-MS trace element mapping plus spot analysis.

scholarly journals Stability of inorganic arsenic species in simulated raw waters with the presence of NOM

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Liu ◽  
X.R. Zhang ◽  
J. Jain ◽  
J.W. Talley ◽  
C.R. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectrometry System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic Species

Effect of natural organic matter (NOM) on the stability of inorganic arsenic species in simulated raw water was examined at circumneutral pH. An ion chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system was used for simultaneous determination of As(III) and As(V). A reduction of arsenate (As(V)) to arsenite (As(III)) was observed in the unfiltered simulated raw waters (USW). The As(V) reduction to As(III) did not occur in the simulated waters that passed through a 0.2 μm membrane (FSW). Microorganism activities is probably the major reason causing As(V) reduction in the USW. In the FSW without NOM, As(III) tended to be oxidized into As(V). The addition of 0.036 mM of Fe(II) significantly facilitated the oxidation. The presence of 10 mg/L Suwannee River NOM as C inhibited As(III) oxidation no matter whether Fe(II) existed or not. The experimental results suggest that NOM can mediate distribution of inorganic arsenic species in water, thus it is an important factor controlling the mobility and toxicity of arsenic in drinking water.

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