scholarly journals Environmental change within the Balkan region during the past ca. 50 ka recorded in the sediments from lakes Prespa and Ohrid

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3187-3198 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wagner ◽  
H. Vogel ◽  
G. Zanchetta ◽  
R. Sulpizio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Sediment Record ◽  
Lake Prespa ◽  
Balkan Region

Abstract. Lakes Prespa and Ohrid, in the Balkan region, are considered to be amongst the oldest lakes in Europe. Both lakes are hydraulically connected via karst aquifers. From Lake Ohrid, several sediment cores up to 15 m long have been studied over the last few years. Here, we document the first long sediment record from nearby Lake Prespa to clarify the influence of Lake Prespa on Lake Ohrid and the environmental history of the region. Radiocarbon dating and dated tephra layers provide robust age control and indicate that the 10.5 m long sediment record from Lake Prespa reaches back to 48 ka. Glacial sedimentation is characterized by low organic matter content and absence of carbonates in the sediments, which indicate oligotrophic conditions in both lakes. Holocene sedimentation is characterized by particularly high carbonate content in Lake Ohrid and by particularly high organic matter content in Lake Prespa, which indicates a shift towards more mesotrophic conditions in the latter. Long-term environmental change and short-term events, such as related to the Heinrich events during the Pleistocene or the 8.2 ka cooling event during the Holocene, are well recorded in both lakes, but are only evident in certain proxies. The comparison of the sediment cores from both lakes indicates that environmental change affects particularly the trophic state of Lake Prespa due to its lower volume and water depth.

scholarly journals Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from Lakes Ohrid and Prespa (Macedonia/Albania border) using stable isotopes

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3815-3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Leng ◽  
I. Baneschi ◽  
G. Zanchetta ◽  
C. N. Jex ◽  
B. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Lake Prespa ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Here we present stable isotope data from three sediment records from lakes that lie along the Macedonian-Albanian border (Lake Prespa: 1 core, and Lake Ohrid: 2 cores). The records only overlap for the last 40 kyr, although the longest record contains the MIS 5/6 transition (Lake Ohrid). The sedimentary characteristics of both lakes differ significantly between the glacial and interglacial phases. At the end of MIS 6 Lake Ohrid's water level was low (high δ18Ocalcite) and, although productivity was increasing (high calcite content), the carbon supply was mainly from inorganic catchment rock sources (high δ13Ccarb). During the last interglacial, calcite and TOC production and preservation increased, progressively lower δ18Ocalcite suggest increase in humidity and lake levels till around 115 ka. During ca. 80 ka to 11 ka the lake records suggest cold conditions as indicated by negligible calcite precipitation and low organic matter content. In Lake Ohrid δ13Corg are complacent, in contrast Lake Prespa shows consistently higher δ13Corg suggesting a low oxidation of 13C-depleted organic matter in agreement with a general deterioration of climate conditions during the glacial. From 15 ka to the onset of the Holocene, calcite and TOC begin to increase, suggesting lake levels were probably low (high δ18Ocalcite). In the Holocene (11 ka to present) enhanced productivity is manifested by high calcite and organic matter content. All three cores show an early Holocene characterised by low δ18Ocalcite, apart from the very early Holocene phase in Prespa where the lowest δ18Ocalcite occurs at ca. 7.5 ka, suggesting a phase of higher lake level only in (the more sensitive) Lake Prespa. From 6 ka δ18Ocalcite suggest progressive aridification, in agreement with many other records in the Mediterranean, although the uppermost sediments in one core records low δ18Ocalcite which we interpret as a result of human activity. Overall, the isotope data present here confirm that these two big lakes have captured the large scale, low frequency palaeoclimate variation that is seen in Mediterranean lakes, although in detail there is much palaeoclimate information that could be gained, especially small scale, high frequency differences between this region and the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Environmental changes on the Balkans recorded in the sediments from lakes Prespa and Ohrid

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3365-3392 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wagner ◽  
H. Vogel ◽  
G. Zanchetta ◽  
R. Sulpizio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Sediment Record ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Lake Prespa ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
High Carbonate ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Abstract. Lakes Prespa and Ohrid on the Balkans are considered to be amongst the oldest lakes in Europe. Both lakes are hydraulically connected via karst aquifers. From Lake Ohrid, several up to ca. 15 m long sediment records were studied during the past years. In this study, a first long sediment record from Lake Prespa was studied in order to shed more light on the influence of Lake Prespa on Lake Ohrid and the environmental history of the region. Radiocarbon dating and the occurrence of 3 dated tephra layers provide a good age control and indicate that the 10.5 m long sediment record reaches back to 48 ka. The comparison of the results from this study with those from former studies of the Lake Ohrid cores indicates that Lake Prespa is more susceptible to environmental changes due to its lower volume and water depth. Glacial sedimentation is characterized by low organic matter contents and absence of carbonates in the sediments, which indicate oligotrophic conditions in both lakes. Holocene sedimentation is characterized by particularly high carbonate contents in Lake Ohrid and by particularly high organic matter contents in Lake Prespa, which indicate a shift towards more mesotrophic conditions in the latter. Long-term environmental changes and short-term events, such as the Heinrich events during the Pleistocene or the 8.2 cooling event during the Holocene, are well recorded in both lakes, but partly expressed in different proxies.

scholarly journals Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from Lakes Ohrid and Prespa (Macedonia/Albania border) using stable isotopes

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3109-3122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Leng ◽  
I. Baneschi ◽  
G. Zanchetta ◽  
C. N. Jex ◽  
B. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Lake Prespa ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Here we present stable isotope data from three sediment records from lakes that lie along the Macedonian-Albanian border (Lake Prespa: 1 core, and Lake Ohrid: 2 cores). The records only overlap for the last 40 kyr, although the longest record contains the MIS 5/6 transition (Lake Ohrid). The sedimentary characteristics of both lakes differ significantly between the glacial and interglacial phases. At the end of MIS 6 Lake Ohrid's water level was low (high δ18Ocalcite) and, although productivity was increasing (high calcite content), the carbon supply was mainly from inorganic catchment rock sources (high δ13Ccarb). During the last interglacial, calcite and TOC production and preservation increased, progressively lower δ18Ocalcite suggest increase in humidity and lake levels until around 115 ka. During ca. 80 ka to 11 ka the lake records suggest cold conditions as indicated by negligible calcite precipitation and low organic matter content. In Lake Ohrid, δ13Corg are complacent; in contrast, Lake Prespa shows consistently higher δ13Corg suggesting a low oxidation of 13C-depleted organic matter in agreement with a general deterioration of climate conditions during the glacial. From 15 ka to the onset of the Holocene, calcite and TOC begin to increase, suggesting lake levels were probably low (high δ18Ocalcite). In the Holocene (11 ka to present) enhanced productivity is manifested by high calcite and organic matter content. All three cores show an early Holocene characterised by low δ18Ocalcite, apart from the very early Holocene phase in Prespa where the lowest δ18Ocalcite occurs at ca. 7.5 ka, suggesting a phase of higher lake level only in (the more sensitive) Lake Prespa. From 6 ka, δ18Ocalcite suggest progressive aridification, in agreement with many other records in the Mediterranean, although the uppermost sediments in one core records low δ18Ocalcite which we interpret as a result of human activity. Overall, the isotope data present here confirm that these two big lakes have captured the large scale, low frequency palaeoclimate variation that is seen in Mediterranean lakes, although in detail there is much palaeoclimate information that could be gained, especially small scale, high frequency differences between this region and the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Initial limnological observations at five small lakes in southern Pacific Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally P. Horn ◽  
Erik N. Johanson ◽  
Kurt A. Haberyan ◽  
Mathew S. Boehm ◽  
Jessie L. Johanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Lake Formation

Costa Rica has hundreds of lakes, many of which have never been described or sampled by limnologists. Here we summarize initial observations of five small (0.2–1.7ha) lakes located at low elevation (365–490m) in the cantón of Buenos Aries. We collected basic limnological data and samples during visits in 2013 and 2014, and compiled environmental and archaeological data for their surroundings as a contribution to the documentation of lake diversity in Costa Rica, and to support parallel investigations of indicators of environmental history preserved in the sediments of the lakes. Lagunas Carse, Los Mangos, Danta, and Ojo de Agua all appear to owe their origin to landslide events, while Laguna Junquillo is an artificial impoundment. Radiocarbon dates on plant macrofossils near the bases of sediment cores from three of the natural lakes provide minimum ages for lake formation; results indicate that Laguna Los Mangos formed over 4 100 years ago, while Laguna Danta formed prior to 1 320 CE and Laguna Carse formed ca. 1 550 CE, near the time of the Spanish Conquest. More than two dozen archaeological sites are located within 1–3Km of the natural lakes, documenting pre-Columbian human occupation and likely use of lake resources. Lake water temperatures and water chemistry were in keeping with observations at lakes throughout Costa Rica. All five lakes are probably polymictic lakes that turn over frequently; none evinced stratification. The surface lake sediments showed similar organic matter content (22,1–28,8%), with values falling near the middle of the range of lakes previously sampled in Costa Rica. Phytoplankton samples included taxa previously reported from small lowland lakes, but differed between lakes and included dominant taxa that were subdominant or uncommon at other lakes surveyed. Our investigation adds to knowledge of lake characteristics and diversity in Costa Rica, and provides benchmarks for assessing future changes in these lakes and their watersheds resulting from human activity, natural disturbances, and regional and global climate change.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Jenis Sedimen Pasir dan Kandungan Bahan Organik di Pantai Kartini, Jepara, Jawa Tengah

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Gadisza Asmara Yudha ◽  
Chrisna Adhi Suryono ◽  
Adi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Community Activities

Pantai Kartini merupakan salah satu kawasan wisata di Kabupaten Jepara. Berbagai aktifitas masyarakat serta infrastruktur perairan menjadi kebutuhan yang sangat krusial dengan letak Pantai Kartini. Adanya aktivitas dan bangunan dapat menyebabkan perubahan sebaran ukuran butir dan kandungan bahan organik. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan klasifikasi sedimen serta jumlah kandungan bahan organik yang terdapat dalam sedimen di Pantai Kartini, Jepara. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini yaitu pengambilan data primer yang berupa sampel sedimen dengan menggunakan sediment core. Dilanjutkan dengan analisis sampel sedimen dan analisis kandungan bahan organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di perairan Pantai Kartini, Jepara memiliki jenis sedimen pasir (sand) dimana nilai ukuran butir tersebut berkisar dari 81-96%, yang mana pada Stasiun 1 rata-rata sebesar 91,6-96%, Stasiun 2 rata-rata sebesar 93,5-96,9%, dan Stasiun 3 rata-rata sebesar 81,4-92,9%. Sedangkan, Kandungan Bahan Organik yang terdapat di perairan tersebut memiliki konsentrasi berkisar dari 5-14% yang termasuk dalam kriteria rendah-sedang, dimana pada Stasiun 1 rata-rata sebesar 10,9-13,3%, Stasiun 2 rata-rata sebesar 5,92-10,18%, dan Stasiun 3 rata-rata sebesar 7,7-14%. Kartini Beach is one of the tourist areas in Jepara Regency. Various community activities and water infrastructure have become crucial needs in Kartini Beach. The existence of activities and buildings can cause changes in the distribution of grain size and content of organic matter. This study aims to determine the type and classification of sediments and the amount of organic matter content contained in sediments in Kartini Beach, Jepara. Data collection in this study is primary data collection in the form of sediment samples using sediment cores. Followed by analysis of sediment samples and analysis of organic matter content. The results showed that in Kartini Coast waters, Jepara had a sand sediment type where the grain size values ranged from 81-96%, which at Station 1 averaged 91,6-96%, Station 2 on average amounted to 93,5-96,9%, and Station 3 averaged 81,4-92,9%. Meanwhile, the content of organic matter contained in these waters has concentrations ranging from 5-14% which are included in the criteria of low-moderate, where at Station 1 an average of 10,9-13,3%, Station 2 an average of 5,92-10,18%, and Station 3 averaging 7,7-14%. 

Spatial distribution of Alitta virens burrows in intertidal sediments studied by axial tomodensitometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Salvo ◽  
Suzanne C. Dufour ◽  
Philippe Archambault ◽  
Georges Stora ◽  
Gaston Desrosiers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Biogenic Structures ◽  
Sheltered Site

Relationships between sediment characteristics and the spatial organization of biogenic structures remain poorly understood, albeit important for characterizing bioturbation impacts and small-scale ecological patterns. Using axial tomodensitometry (CT-scan) and core sectioning, we studied the spatial distribution of Alitta virens burrows in sediment cores from two mudflats with different degrees of exposure along the St Lawrence Estuary, Canada. A variety of burrow morphologies was observed at both sites, with most being I-shaped. Most values measured (organic matter content, mean tomographic intensity, the number and diameter of burrow shafts and the percentage of space they occupy per transverse section) covaried with depth. The more sheltered site had higher organic matter and mud contents, and lower average tomographic intensity values. The spatial distribution of burrow shafts also differed between sites, with the more sheltered site having a higher number of burrow shafts and percentage of biogenic space in the upper sediment column, as well as a greater volume of biogenic structures that were connected to the surface (although intra-site variability was great). Along the horizontal plane and at various depths within sediments, burrow shafts were more randomly distributed at the exposed site, compared to a more even, maximal spacing at the sheltered site. In addition to finding differences in burrow organization at two spatial scales, we found significant correlations between tomographic intensity and (1) the number of burrow shafts, (2) biogenic space and (3) organic matter content. CT-scan data, including tomographic intensity, are useful for examining and comparing biogenic structures in sediment cores.

Reconstruction of Holocene lake level from diatoms, chrysophytes and organic matter in a drainage lake from the Experimental Lakes Area (northwestern Ontario, Canada)

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen R. Laird ◽  
Brian F. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Partial View

A paleolimnological study of lake-level changes in Lake 239 (Rawson Lake), a headwater lake in the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, indicates large fluctuations have occurred over the Holocene. Analyses are based on diatoms, the proportion of chrysophyte scales to diatoms and organic matter content from near-shore sediment cores. Quantitative estimates of lake level are based on a diatom-inferred depth model that was developed from surficial sediments collected along several transects in Lake 239. Declines of ∼ 1–3 m occurred during the late Holocene, whereas declines of at least 8 m occurred during the more arid mid-Holocene. These results provide the first substantive evidence of large declines in lake level in northwestern Ontario during the mid-Holocene. Conditions during the mid-Holocene may provide a partial view of future conditions under increasing global temperatures.

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

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