scholarly journals Temporal variability of the NPP-GPP ratio at seasonal and interannual time scales in a temperate beech forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2481-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Campioli ◽  
B. Gielen ◽  
M. Göckede ◽  
D. Papale ◽  
O. Bouriaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Beech Stand

Abstract. The allocation of carbon (C) taken up by the tree canopy for respiration and production of tree organs with different construction and maintenance costs, life span and decomposition rate, crucially affects the residence time of C in forests and their C cycling rate. The carbon-use efficiency, or ratio between net primary production (NPP) and gross primary production (GPP), represents a convenient way to analyse the C allocation at the stand level. In this study, we extend the current knowledge on the NPP-GPP ratio in forests by assessing the temporal variability of the NPP-GPP ratio at interannual (for 8 years) and seasonal (for 1 year) scales for a young temperate beech stand, reporting dynamics for both leaves and woody organs, in particular stems. NPP was determined with biometric methods/litter traps, whereas the GPP was estimated via the eddy covariance micrometeorological technique. The interannual variability of the proportion of C allocated to leaf NPP, wood NPP and leaf plus wood NPP (on average 11% yr−1, 29% yr−1 and 39% yr−1, respectively) was significant among years with up to 12% yr−1 variation in NPP-GPP ratio. Studies focusing on the comparison of NPP-GPP ratio among forests and models using fixed allocation schemes should take into account the possibility of such relevant interannual variability. Multiple linear regressions indicated that the NPP-GPP ratio of leaves and wood significantly correlated with environmental conditions. Previous year drought and air temperature explained about half of the NPP-GPP variability of leaves and wood, respectively, whereas the NPP-GPP ratio was not decreased by severe drought, with large NPP-GPP ratio on 2003 due mainly to low GPP. During the period between early May and mid June, the majority of GPP was allocated to leaf and stem NPP, whereas these sinks were of little importance later on. Improved estimation of seasonal GPP and of the contribution of previous-year reserves to stem growth, as well as reduction of data uncertainty, will be of relevance to increase the accuracy of the seasonal assessment of the NPP-GPP ratio in forests.

scholarly journals Carbon allocation to biomass production of leaves, fruits and woody organs at seasonal and annual scale in a deciduous- and evergreen temperate forest

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 7575-7606 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Campioli ◽  
B. Gielen ◽  
A. Granier ◽  
A. Verstraeten ◽  
J. Neirynck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Beech Stand

Abstract. Carbon taken up by the forest canopy is allocated to tree organs for biomass production and respiration. Because tree organs have different life span and decomposition rate, the tree C allocation determines the residence time of C in the ecosystem and its C cycling rate. The study of the carbon-use efficiency, or ratio between net primary production (NPP) and gross primary production (GPP), represents a convenient way to analyse the C allocation at the stand level. Previous studies mostly focused on comparison of the annual NPP-GPP ratio among forests of different functional types, biomes and age. In this study, we extend the current knowledge by assessing (i) the annual NPP-GPP ratio and its interannual variability (for five years) for five tree organs (leaves, fruits, branches, stem and coarse roots), and (ii) the seasonal dynamic of NPP-GPP ratio of leaves and stems, for two stands dominated by European beech and Scots pine. The average NPP-GPP ratio for the beech stand (38%) was similar to previous estimates for temperate deciduous forests, whereas the NPP-GPP ratio for the pine stand (17%) is the lowest recorded till now in the literature. The proportion of GPP allocated to leaf NPP was similar for both species, whereas beech allocated a remarkable larger proportion of GPP to wood NPP than pine (29% vs. 6%, respectively). The interannual variability of the NPP-GPP ratio for wood was substantially larger than the interannual variability of the NPP-GPP ratio for leaves, fruits and overall stand and it is likely to be controlled by previous year air temperature (both species), previous year drought intensity (beech) and thinning (pine). Seasonal pattern of NPP-GPP ratio greatly differed between beech and pine, with beech presenting the largest ratio in early season, and pine a more uniform ratio along the season. For beech, NPP-GPP ratio of leaves and stems peaked during the same period in the early season, whereas they peaked in opposite periods of the growing season for pine. Seasonal differences in C allocation are likely due to functional differences between deciduous and evergreen species and temporal variability of the sink strength. The similar GPP and autotrophic respiration between stands and the remarkable larger C allocation to wood at the beech stand indicate that at the beech ecosystem C has a longer residence time than at the pine ecosystem. Further research on belowground production and particularly on fine roots and ectomycorrhizal fungi likely represents the most important step to progress our knowledge on C allocation dynamics.

scholarly journals Monitoring Spatial and Temporal Variabilities of Gross Primary Production Using MAIAC MODIS Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Rong Yu ◽  
John Gamon ◽  
Gabriel Hmimina ◽  
Iolanda Filella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

Remotely sensed vegetation indices (RSVIs) can be used to efficiently estimate terrestrial primary productivity across space and time. Terrestrial productivity, however, has many facets (e.g., spatial and temporal variability, including seasonality, interannual variability, and trends), and different vegetation indices may not be equally good at predicting them. Their accuracy in monitoring productivity has been mostly tested in single-ecosystem studies, but their performance in different ecosystems distributed over large areas still needs to be fully explored. To fill this gap, we identified the facets of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) that could be monitored using RSVIs. We compared the temporal and spatial patterns of four vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, NIRV, and CCI), derived from the MODIS MAIAC data set and of GPP derived from data from 58 eddy-flux towers in eight ecosystems with different plant functional types (evergreen needle-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, open shrubland, grassland, cropland, and wetland) distributed throughout Europe, covering Mediterranean, temperate, and boreal regions. The RSVIs monitored temporal variability well in most of the ecosystem types, with grasslands and evergreen broad-leaved forests most strongly and weakly correlated with weekly and monthly RSVI data, respectively. The performance of the RSVIs monitoring temporal variability decreased sharply, however, when the seasonal component of the time series was removed, suggesting that the seasonal cycles of both the GPP and RSVI time series were the dominant drivers of their relationships. Removing winter values from the analyses did not affect the results. NDVI and CCI identified the spatial variability of average annual GPP, and all RSVIs identified GPP seasonality well. The RSVI estimates, however, could not estimate the interannual variability of GPP across sites or monitor the trends of GPP. Overall, our results indicate that RSVIs are suitable to track different facets of GPP variability at the local scale, therefore they are reliable sources of GPP monitoring at larger geographical scales.

Energy and nutrients

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
New Information ◽  
Tropical Forest Ecology ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

This chapter deals with the ecology of Tropical East Asia from the perspective of water, energy, and matter flows through ecosystems, particularly forests. Data from the network of eddy flux covariance towers is revealing general patterns in gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem production, and exchange. There is also new information on the patterns of net primary production and biomass within the region. In contrast, our understanding of the role of soil nutrients in tropical forest ecology still relies mostly on work done in the Neotropics, with just enough data from Asia to suggest that the major patterns may be pantropical. Nitrogen and phosphorus have received most attention regionally, followed by calcium, potassium, and magnesium, and there has been very little study of the role of micronutrients and potentially toxic concentrations of aluminium, manganese, and hydrogen ions. Animal nutrition has also been neglected.

scholarly journals How drought severity constrains gross primary production(GPP) and its partitioning among carbon pools in a <i>Quercus ilex</i> coppice?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6855-6869 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rambal ◽  
M. Lempereur ◽  
J. M. Limousin ◽  
N. K. Martin-StPaul ◽  
J. M. Ourcival ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem

Abstract. The partitioning of photosynthates toward biomass compartments plays a crucial role in the carbon (C) sink function of forests. Few studies have examined how carbon is allocated toward plant compartments in drought-prone forests. We analyzed the fate of gross primary production (GPP) in relation to yearly water deficit in an old evergreen Mediterranean Quercus ilex coppice severely affected by water limitations. Carbon fluxes between the ecosystem and the atmosphere were measured with an eddy covariance flux tower running continuously since 2001. Discrete measurements of litterfall, stem growth and fAPAR allowed us to derive annual productions of leaves, wood, flowers and acorns, and an isometric relationship between stem and belowground biomass has been used to estimate perennial belowground growth. By combining eddy covariance fluxes with annual net primary productions (NPP), we managed to close a C budget and derive values of autotrophic, heterotrophic respirations and carbon-use efficiency (CUE; the ratio between NPP and GPP). Average values of yearly net ecosystem production (NEP), GPP and Reco were 282, 1259 and 977 g C m−2. The corresponding aboveground net primary production (ANPP) components were 142.5, 26.4 and 69.6 g C m−2 for leaves, reproductive effort (flowers and fruits) and stems, respectively. NEP, GPP and Reco were affected by annual water deficit. Partitioning to the different plant compartments was also impacted by drought, with a hierarchy of responses going from the most affected – the stem growth – to the least affected – the leaf production. The average CUE was 0.40, which is well in the range for Mediterranean-type forest ecosystems. CUE tended to decrease less drastically in response to drought than GPP and NPP did, probably due to drought acclimation of autotrophic respiration. Overall, our results provide a baseline for modeling the inter-annual variations of carbon fluxes and allocation in this widespread Mediterranean ecosystem, and they highlight the value of maintaining continuous experimental measurements over the long term.

Spatial and temporal variability in the net primary production of grassland in China and its relation to climate factors

Plant Ecology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 218 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiling Zhang ◽  
Rattan Lal ◽  
Youyi Zhao ◽  
Wenlan Jiang ◽  
Quangong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Climate Factors

scholarly journals Carbon Balance in Salt Marsh and Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Alongi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Microbial Decomposition

Mangroves and salt marshes are among the most productive ecosystems in the global coastal ocean. Mangroves store more carbon (739 Mg CORG ha−1) than salt marshes (334 Mg CORG ha−1), but the latter sequester proportionally more (24%) net primary production (NPP) than mangroves (12%). Mangroves exhibit greater rates of gross primary production (GPP), aboveground net primary production (AGNPP) and plant respiration (RC), with higher PGPP/RC ratios, but salt marshes exhibit greater rates of below-ground NPP (BGNPP). Mangroves have greater rates of subsurface DIC production and, unlike salt marshes, exhibit active microbial decomposition to a soil depth of 1 m. Salt marshes release more CH4 from soil and creek waters and export more dissolved CH4, but mangroves release more CO2 from tidal waters and export greater amounts of particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), to adjacent waters. Both ecosystems contribute only a small proportion of GPP, RE (ecosystem respiration) and NEP (net ecosystem production) to the global coastal ocean due to their small global area, but contribute 72% of air–sea CO2 exchange of the world’s wetlands and estuaries and contribute 34% of DIC export and 17% of DOC + POC export to the world’s coastal ocean. Thus, both wetland ecosystems contribute disproportionately to carbon flow of the global coastal ocean.

scholarly journals A few extreme events dominate global interannual variability in gross primary production

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 035001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Zscheischler ◽  
Miguel D Mahecha ◽  
Jannis von Buttlar ◽  
Stefan Harmeling ◽  
Martin Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Gross Primary Production

Variability in carbon exchange and light utilization among boreal forest stands: implications for remote sensing of net primary production

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J Goetz ◽  
Stephen D Prince
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Forest Stands

Variability in carbon exchange, net primary production (NPP), and light-use efficiency were explored for 63 boreal forest stands in northeastern Minnesota using an ecophysiological model. The model was initialized with extensive field measurements of Populus tremuloides Michx. and Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP stand properties. The results showed that the proportion of total carbon assimilation expended in autotrophic respiration (i.e., the respiration to assimilation ratio, R/A) was significantly different for the two tree species and this explained much of the variability in the amount of net production per unit absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR), referred to as PAR utilization ( epsilonn). This is the first known study to directly link variability in respiratory costs to epsilonn. Total assimilation per unit APAR ( epsilong) was much less variable than epsilonn and was not significantly different between species. Greater stomatal control on some moisture stressed sites accounted for most of the variability in epsilong. The lack of a simple relationship between light harvesting and net carbon gain indicates that estimation of net primary production with satellite remote sensing requires additional information on respiration costs; however, evidence for convergence in epsilong can be used to simplify the remote sensing of gross primary production over large areas.

Simulation of Mediterranean forest carbon pools under expected environmental scenarios

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chiesi ◽  
M. Moriondo ◽  
F. Maselli ◽  
L. Gardin ◽  
L. Fibbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
The Impact

Simulating the effects of possible environmental changes on the forest carbon budget requires the use of calibrated and tested models of ecosystem processes. A recently proposed simulation approach based on the use of the BIOME-BGC model was applied to yield estimates of present carbon fluxes and pools in Tuscany forests (central Italy). After the validation of these estimates against existing ground data, the simulation approach was used to assess the impact of plausible climate changes (+2 °C and increased CO2 concentration) on forest carbon dynamics (gross primary production (GPP), net primary production (NPP), and relevant allocations). The results indicate that the temperature change tends to inhibit all production and allocation processes, which are instead enhanced by the CO2 concentration rise. The combination of the two factors leads to a general increase in both GPP and NPP that is higher for deciduous oaks and chestnut (+30% and 24% for GPP and +42% and 31% for NPP, respectively). Additionally, vegetation carbon is slightly increased, while total soil carbon remains almost unchanged with respect to the present conditions. These findings are analyzed with reference to the Tuscany forest situation and previous studies on the subject.

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