scholarly journals Sediment CO<sub>2</sub> efflux from cleared and intact temperate mangroves and tidal flats

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3547-3576
Author(s):  
R. H. Bulmer ◽  
L. Schwendenmann ◽  
C. J. Lundquist
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Tidal Flats ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Temperate mangroves in Southern Australia and New Zealand have been increasing in area over the past 50 years, whereas tropical mangroves have declined by 30–50% over a similar time frame. Tropical mangroves are understood to be an important carbon sink and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions following clearance are estimated to be comparable or greater than CO2 emissions following the clearance of many terrestrial forest systems. Recreational and amenity values or perceived loss of other estuarine habitats due to expanding temperate mangrove forests have resulted in clearing of temperate mangroves. In this study, we investigated the impact of temperate mangrove clearance on CO2 efflux from the sediment to the atmosphere along with a range of other biotic and abiotic factors. Significantly higher CO2 efflux rates were measured in cleared (1.34 ± 0.46 μmol m2 s-1) and intact mangrove sites (2.31 ± 0.72 μmol m2 s-1) than in tidal flats (-0.23 ± 0.27 μmol m2 s-1). Site and sediment characteristics such as sediment carbon and nitrogen concentration, chlorophyll α concentration, grain size, mangrove height, macrofaunal abundance, sediment temperature and moisture were strongly correlated with sediment CO2 efflux. Our results suggest that carbon stored within temperate mangrove sediment is released over a period of years to decades after mangrove clearance. CO2 efflux from intact and cleared temperate mangroves was found to be comparable to rates observed in the tropics. Disturbance of the surface biofilm resulted in elevated CO2 efflux across all habitats, suggesting the important role of surface biofilm communities in mediating CO2 efflux.

scholarly journals Sediment properties and CO<sub>2</sub> efflux from intact and cleared temperate mangrove forests

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 6169-6180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Bulmer ◽  
C. J. Lundquist ◽  
L. Schwendenmann
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Temperate mangrove forests in New Zealand have increased in area over recent decades. Expansion of temperate mangroves in New Zealand is associated with perceived loss of other estuarine habitats, and decreased recreational and amenity values, resulting in clearing of mangrove forests. In the tropics, changes in sediment characteristics and carbon efflux have been reported following mangrove clearance. This is the first study in temperate mangrove (Avicennia marina) forests investigating the impact of clearing on sediment CO2 efflux and associated biotic and abiotic factors. Sediment CO2 efflux rates from intact (168.5 ± 45.8 mmol m−2 d−1) and cleared (133.9 ± 37.2 mmol m−2 d−1) mangrove forests in New Zealand are comparable to rates measured in tropical mangrove forests. We did not find a significant difference in sediment CO2 efflux rates between intact and cleared temperate mangrove forests. Pre-shading the sediment for more than 30 min prior to dark chamber measurements was found to have no significant effect on sediment CO2 efflux. This suggests that the continuation of photosynthetic CO2 uptake by biofilm communities was not occurring after placement of dark chambers. Rather, above-ground mangrove biomass, sediment temperature and chlorophyll a concentration were the main factors explaining the variability in sediment CO2 efflux in intact mangrove forests. The main factors influencing sediment CO2 efflux in cleared mangrove forest sites were sediment organic carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration and sediment grain size. Our results show that greater consideration should be given regarding the rate of carbon released from mangrove forest following clearance and the relative contribution to global carbon emissions.

scholarly journals The impact of nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the estimated terrestrial carbon balance and warming of land use change over the last 156 yr

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 507-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Zhang ◽  
A. J. Pitman ◽  
Y. P. Wang ◽  
Y. Dai ◽  
P. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We examine the impact of land use and land cover change (LULCC) over the period from 1850 to 2005 using an Earth System Model that incorporates nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the terrestrial carbon cycle. We compare the estimated CO2 emissions and warming from land use change in a carbon only version of the model with those from simulations including nitrogen and phosphorous limitation. If we omit nutrients, our results suggest LULCC cools on the global average by about 0.1 °C. Including nutrients reduces this cooling to ~ 0.05 °C. Our results also suggest LULCC has a major impact on total land carbon over the period 1850–2005. In carbon only simulations, the inclusion of LULCC decreases the total additional land carbon stored in 2005 from around 210 Pg C to 85 Pg C. Including nitrogen and phosphorous limitation also decreases the scale of the terrestrial carbon sink to 80 Pg C. In particular, adding LULCC on top of the nutrient limited simulations changes the sign of the terrestrial carbon flux from a sink to a source (12 Pg C). The CO2 emission from LULCC from 1850 to 2005 is estimated to be 130 Pg C for carbon only simulation, or 97 Pg C if nutrient limitation is accounted for in our model. The difference between these two estimates of CO2 emissions from LULCC largely results from the weaker response of photosynthesis to increased CO2 and smaller carbon pool sizes, and therefore lower carbon loss from plant and wood product carbon pools under nutrient limitation. We suggest that nutrient limitation should be accounted in simulating the effects of LULCC on the past climate and on the past and future carbon budget.

scholarly journals The impact of nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the estimated terrestrial carbon balance and warming of land use change over the last 156 yr

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Zhang ◽  
A. J. Pitman ◽  
Y. P. Wang ◽  
Y. J. Dai ◽  
P. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We examine the impact of land use and land cover change (LULCC) over the period from 1850 to 2005 using an Earth system model that incorporates nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the terrestrial carbon cycle. We compare the estimated CO2 emissions and warming from land use change in a carbon-only version of the model with those from simulations, including nitrogen and phosphorous limitation. If we omit nutrients, our results suggest LULCC cools on the global average by about 0.1 °C. Including nutrients reduces this cooling to ~ 0.05 °C. Our results also suggest LULCC has a major impact on total land carbon over the period 1850–2005. In carbon-only simulations, the inclusion of LULCC decreases the total additional land carbon stored in 2005 from around 210 Pg C to 85 Pg C. Including nitrogen and phosphorous limitation also decreases the scale of the terrestrial carbon sink to 80 Pg C. Shown as corresponding fluxes, adding LULCC on top of the nutrient-limited simulations changes the sign of the terrestrial carbon flux from a sink to a source (12 Pg C). The CO2 emission from LULCC from 1850 to 2005 is estimated to be 130 Pg C for carbon only simulation, or 97 Pg C if nutrient limitation is accounted for in our model. The difference between these two estimates of CO2 emissions from LULCC largely results from the weaker response of photosynthesis to increased CO2 and smaller carbon pool sizes, and therefore lower carbon loss from plant and wood product carbon pools under nutrient limitation. We suggest that nutrient limitation should be accounted for in simulating the effects of LULCC on the past climate and on the past and future carbon budget.

Characterizing the impact of recovering sea otters on commercially important crabs in California estuaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
TM Grimes ◽  
MT Tinker ◽  
BB Hughes ◽  
KE Boyer ◽  
L Needles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Sea Otter ◽  
Dungeness Crab ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
Elkhorn Slough ◽  
Enhydra Lutris Nereis ◽  
Crab Abundance ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Impact

Protective legislation and management have led to an increase in California’s sea otter Enhydra lutris nereis population. While sea otter recovery has been linked to ecosystem benefits, sea otter predation may negatively affect commercially valuable species. Understanding the potential influence of sea otters is of particular importance as their range expands into estuaries that function as nurseries for commercially valuable species like Dungeness crab Metacarcinus magister. We consider how sea otter predation has affected the abundance and size of juvenile Dungeness crab in Elkhorn Slough, California, USA, and analyzed cancrid crab abundance and size across 4 California estuaries with and without sea otters to understand how biotic and abiotic factors contribute to observed variation in crab size and abundance. We compared trends in southern sea otters relative to Dungeness crab landings in California to assess whether increasing sea otter abundance have negatively impacted landings. In Elkhorn Slough, juvenile Dungeness crab abundance and size have declined since 2012, coinciding with sea otter population growth. However, the impact of sea otters on juvenile Dungeness crab size was habitat-specific and only significant in unvegetated habitat. Across estuaries, we found that cancrid crab abundance and size were negatively associated with sea otter presence. While abiotic factors varied among estuaries, these factors explained little of the observed variation in crab abundance or size. Although we found evidence that sea otters can have localized effects on cancrid crab populations within estuaries, we found no evidence that southern sea otters, at recent population sizes, have negatively impacted Dungeness crab landings in California from 2000-2014.

ANALISIS DETERMINAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERIODE 1999-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Ersalina Tang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
World Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, Electric Consumption, and Meat Consumption on CO2 emissions of 41 countries in the world using panel data from 1999 to 2013. After analyzing 41 countries in the world data, furthermore 17 countries in Asia was analyzed with the same period. This study utilized quantitative approach with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method. The results of 41 countries in the world data indicates that Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, and Meat Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities which measured by CO2 emissions. Whilst the results of 17 countries in Asia data implies that Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Consumption, and Electric Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities. However, Gross Domestic Product and Meat Consumption does not affect Environmental Qualities.

PROFIL KERAGAMAN VEGETASI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI DESA TAMUKU KABUPATEN LUWU UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Suhendra Purnawan ◽  
Subari Yanto ◽  
Ernawati S.Kaseng
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Line Transect Survey ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to describe the profile of vegetation diversity in the mangrove ecosystem in Tamuku Village, Bone-Bone-Bone District, North Luwu Regency. This research is a qualitative research using survey methods. The data collection technique uses the Quadrant Line Transect Survey technique. The data analysis technique uses the thinking flow which is divided into three stages, namely describing phenomena, classifying them, and seeing how the concepts that emerge are related to each other. The results of this study are the profile of mangrove vegetation in Tamuku Village, which is still found 16 varieties of true mangrove vegetation and 7 varieties of mangrove vegetation joined in the coastal area of Tamuku Village, Bone-Bone District, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. The condition of mangrove vegetation in Tamuku Village is currently very worrying due to human activities that cause damage such as the project of normalization of flow, opening of new farms, disposal of garbage, water pollution due to chemicals, and exploitation of mangrove forests for living needs. The impact is ecosystem damage and reduced vegetation area as a place to grow and develop mangroves.

scholarly journals Economic Development, CO2 Emissions and Energy Use Nexus-Evidence from the Danube Region Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3165
Author(s):  
Eva Litavcová ◽  
Jana Chovancová
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to examine the empirical cointegration, long-run and short-run dynamics and causal relationships between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in 14 Danube region countries over the period of 1990–2019. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing methodology was applied for each of the examined variables as a dependent variable. Limited by the length of the time series, we excluded two countries from the analysis and obtained valid results for the others for 26 of 36 ARDL models. The ARDL bounds reliably confirmed long-run cointegration between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Economic growth and energy consumption have a significant impact on carbon emissions in the long-run in all of these four countries; in the short-run, the impact of economic growth is significant in Austria. Likewise, when examining cointegration between energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in the short-run, a significant contribution of CO2 emissions on energy consumptions for seven countries was found as a result of nine valid models. The results contribute to the information base essential for making responsible and informed decisions by policymakers and other stakeholders in individual countries. Moreover, they can serve as a platform for mutual cooperation and cohesion among countries in this region.

scholarly journals Do Environmental Stringency Policies and Human Development Reduce CO2 Emissions? Evidence from G7 and BRICS Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6727
Author(s):  
Funda Hatice Sezgin ◽  
Yilmaz Bayar ◽  
Laura Herta ◽  
Marius Dan Gavriletea
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact

This study explores the impact of environmental policies and human development on the CO2 emissions for the period of 1995–2015 in the Group of Seven and BRICS economies in the long run through panel cointegration and causality tests. The causality analysis revealed a bilateral causality between environmental stringency policies and CO2 emissions for Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, and a unilateral causality from CO2 emissions to the environmental stringency policies for Canada, China, and France. On the other hand, the analysis showed a bilateral causality between human development and CO2 emissions for Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, and unilateral causality from CO2 emissions to human development in Brazil, Canada, China, and France. Furthermore, the cointegration analysis indicated that both environmental stringency policies and human development had a decreasing impact on the CO2 emissions.

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