scholarly journals A global database of soil respiration data

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1321-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bond-Lamberty ◽  
A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Global Database ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Dynamic Community ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Soil respiration – RS, the flux of autotropically- and heterotrophically-generated CO2 from the soil to the atmosphere – remains the least well-constrained component of the terrestrial C cycle. Here we introduce the SRDB database, a near-universal compendium of published RS data, and make it available to the scientific community both as a traditional static archive and as a dynamic community database that will be updated over time by interested users. The database encompasses all published studies that report one of the following data measured in the field (not laboratory): annual RS, mean seasonal RS, a seasonal or annual partitioning of RS into its sources fluxes, RS temperature response (Q10), or RS at 10 °C. Its orientation is thus to seasonal and annual fluxes, not shorter-term or chamber-specific measurements. To date, data from 818 studies have been entered into the database, constituting 3379 records. The data span the measurement years 1961–2007 and are dominated by temperate, well-drained forests. We briefly examine some aspects of the SRDB data – mean annual RS fluxes and their correlation with other carbon fluxes, RS variability, temperature sensitivities, and the partitioning of RS source flux – and suggest some potential lines of research that could be explored using these data. The SRDB database described here is available online in a permanent archive as well as via a project-hosting repository; the latter source leverages open-source software technologies to encourage wider participation in the database's future development. Ultimately, we hope that the updating of, and corrections to, the SRDB will become a shared project, managed by the users of these data in the scientific community.

scholarly journals A global database of soil respiration data

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1915-1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bond-Lamberty ◽  
A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle ◽  
Climate Space ◽  
Dynamic Community ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Soil respiration – RS, the flux of CO2 from the soil to the atmosphere – is probably the least well constrained component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Here we introduce the SRDB database, a near-universal compendium of published RS data, and make it available to the scientific community both as a traditional static archive and as a dynamic community database that may be updated over time by interested users. The database encompasses all published studies that report one of the following data measured in the field (not laboratory): annual RS, mean seasonal RS, a seasonal or annual partitioning of RS into its sources fluxes, RS temperature response (Q10), or RS at 10 °C. Its orientation is thus to seasonal and annual fluxes, not shorter-term or chamber-specific measurements. To date, data from 818 studies have been entered into the database, constituting 3379 records. The data span the measurement years 1961–2007 and are dominated by temperate, well-drained forests. We briefly examine some aspects of the SRDB data – its climate space coverage, mean annual RS fluxes and their correlation with other carbon fluxes, RS variability, temperature sensitivities, and the partitioning of RS source flux – and suggest some potential lines of research that could be explored using these data. The SRDB database is available online in a permanent archive as well as via a project-hosting repository; the latter source leverages open-source software technologies to encourage wider participation in the database's future development. Ultimately, we hope that the updating of, and corrections to, the SRDB will become a shared project, managed by the users of these data in the scientific community.

Open Source Software Adoption

2009 ◽  
pp. 1675-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Software Adoption ◽  
Public Sector Organization ◽  
Desktop Application ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Over Time

Current estimates suggest widespread adoption of open source software (OSS) in organizations worldwide. However, the problematic nature of OSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems, unforeseen hold-ups, and outright abandonment of OSS implementation over time. Hibernia Hospital, an Irish public sector organization, have embarked on the adoption of a range of OSS applications over several years, some of which have been successfully deployed and remain in live use within the organisation, whereas others, despite achieving high levels of assimilation over a number of years, have not been ultimately retained in live use in the organization. Using a longitudinal case study, we discuss in depth the deployment process for two OSS applications – the desktop application suite whose deployment was unsuccessful ultimately, and the email application which was successfully deployed. To our knowledge, this is the first such in-depth study into successful and unsuccessful OSS implementation.

Hacker Culture and the FLOSS Innovation

2011 ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
End Users ◽  
Culture Clash ◽  
Plural Form ◽  
Ecological View ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
Hacker Culture ◽  
Over Time

This chapter aims to contribute to our understanding of the free/libre open source software (FLOSS) innovation and how it is shaped by and also shapes various perceptions on and practices of hacker culture. Unlike existing literature that usually normalises, radicalises, marginalises, or criminalises hacker culture, I confront such deterministic views that ignore the contingency and heterogeneity of hacker culture, which evolve over time in correspondence with different settings where diverse actors locate. I argue that hacker culture has been continuously defi ned and redefi ned, situated and resituated with the ongoing development and growing implementation of FLOSS. The story on the development of EMACSen (plural form of EMACS—Editing MACroS) illustrates the consequence when different interpretations and practices of hacker culture clash. I conclude that stepping away from a fi xed and rigid typology of hackers will allow us to view the FLOSS innovation from a more ecological view. This will also help us to value and embrace different contributions from diverse actors including end-users and minority groups.

scholarly journals Analysing global economic costs of invasive alien species with the invacost R package

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Leroy ◽  
Andrew M Kramer ◽  
Anne-Charlotte Vaissière ◽  
Franck Courchamp ◽  
Christophe Diagne
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
R Package ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Global Database

Aim: Large-scale datasets are becoming increasingly available for macroecological research from different disciplines. However, learning their specific extraction and analytical requirements can become prohibitively time-consuming for researchers. We argue that this issue can be tackled with the provision of methodological frameworks published in open-source software. We illustrate this solution with the invacost R package, an open-source software designed to query and analyse the global database on reported economic costs of invasive alien species, InvaCost. Innovations: First, the invacost package provides updates of this dynamic database directly in the analytical environment R. Second, it helps understand the nature of economic cost data for invasive species, their harmonisation process, and the inherent biases associated with such data. Third, it readily provides complementary methods to query and analyse the costs of invasive species at the global scale, all the while accounting for econometric statistical issues. Main conclusions: This tool will be useful for scientists working on invasive alien species, by (i) facilitating access and use to this multi-disciplinary data resource and (ii) providing a standard procedure which will facilitate reproducibility and comparability of studies, one of the major critics of this topic until now. We discuss how the development of this R package was designed as an enforcement of general recommendations for transparency, reproducibility and comparability of science in the era of big data in ecology.

Hacker Culture and the FLOSS Innovation

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
End Users ◽  
Culture Clash ◽  
Plural Form ◽  
Ecological View ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
Hacker Culture ◽  
Over Time

This article aims to contribute to our understanding of the free/libre open source software (FLOSS) innovation and how it is shaped by and also shapes various perceptions on and practices of hacker culture. Unlike existing literature that usually normalises, radicalises, marginalises, or criminalises hacker culture, the author confronts such deterministic views that ignore the contingency and heterogeneity of hacker culture, which evolve over time in correspondence with different settings where diverse actors locate. The author argues that hacker culture has been continuously defined and redefined, situated and resituated with the ongoing development and growing implementation of FLOSS. The story on the development of EMACSen (plural form of EMACS—Editing MACroS) illustrates the consequence when different interpretations and practices of hacker culture clash. The author concludes that stepping away from a fixed and rigid typology of hackers will allow people to view the FLOSS innovation from a more ecological view. This will also help people to value and embrace different contributions from diverse actors including end-users and minority groups.

Fogo Island Goes Digital: Taking a Scholarly Journal On-line, the Case of CJC-Online.ca

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland Lorimer ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Paul Wolstenholme
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Canadian Journal ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Scholarly Journal ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
On Line ◽  
Sciences Humaines ◽  
Development Communications

Abstract: An open-source software-based, on-line version of the Canadian Journal of Communication has been created by a group of scholars and students. This paper casts this activity as social science R&D with roots in development communications; as a viable alternative to control by aggressive profit-seeking commercial journal publishers; and as a transferable technology to other scholar-controlled journals. It describes the software used, the capacity of the software system developed, the dependence of the nature and speed of development on both technology and take-up by the user community, and the direction of future development. Résumé: Un groupe de chercheurs et d'étudiants a créé une version en ligne du Canadian Journal of Communication à base de logiciels et à code ouvert. Cet article désigne ainsi cette activité de mise en ligne : recherche et développement en sciences humaines ayant ses origines dans la communication pour le développement; alternative viable au contrôle d'éditeurs commerciaux de périodiques à la quête agressive de profits; et technologie transférable à d'autres périodiques contrôlés par des chercheurs. L'article décrit les logiciels utilisés, la capacité du progiciel développé, la dépendance de la nature et de la vitesse de développements sur à la fois la technologie et le degré d'utilisation par la communauté d'usagers, et la direction de développements futurs.

scholarly journals Understanding Community Behaviors in For-Profit Open Source Hardware Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2397-2406
Author(s):  
Zhuoxuan Li ◽  
Warren Seering ◽  
Tiffany Tao ◽  
Shengnan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Open Development ◽  
Development Context ◽  
The Government ◽  
Open Source Hardware ◽  
Over Time

AbstractFree contributors have successfully shown the potential in large/complex software co-creation in the Free and Open Source Software Movement, triggering many discussions and exploration ventures from academia to industry and to the government. Though many research efforts explored whether the same level of co-creation efforts could take place broadly in the hardware realm, very few research studies focus on profit-seeking hardware projects initiated by companies. In fact, the specific nature of being tangible and profitable makes company-led open source hardware projects suspicious to be really “open” to contributors. Community has been identified as the critical driver in many open projects. By reviewing the evolution of company-community interactions over time and different community behaviors in different open development context, authors in this paper hope to identify best community- company interaction forms for open source hardware companies. Using grounded theory and case studies, we construct a framework to describe and identify company community's different behaviors and different roles.

scholarly journals Content is King: An Analysis of How the Twitter Discourse Surrounding Open Education Unfolded From 2009 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Paskevicius ◽  
George Veletsianos ◽  
Royce Kimmons
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Open Education ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
The People ◽  
Over Time

<p class="3">Inspired by open educational resources, open pedagogy, and open source software, the openness movement in education has different meanings for different people. In this study, we use Twitter data to examine the discourses surrounding openness as well as the people who participate in discourse around openness. By targeting hashtags related to open education, we gathered the most extensive dataset of historical open education tweets to date (<em>n</em> = 178,304 tweets and 23,061 users) and conducted a mixed methods analysis of openness from 2009 to 2016. Findings show that the diversity of participants has varied somewhat over time and that the discourse has predominantly revolved around open resources, although there are signs that an increase in interest around pedagogy, teaching, and learning is emerging.</p>

Open Source Software Adoption

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Software Adoption ◽  
Public Sector Organization ◽  
Desktop Application ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Over Time

Current estimates suggest widespread adoption of open source software (OSS) in organizations worldwide. However, the problematic nature of OSS adoption is readily evidenced in the fairly frequent reports of problems, unforeseen hold-ups, and outright abandonment of OSS implementation over time. Hibernia Hospital, an Irish public sector organization, have embarked on the adoption of a range of OSS applications over several years, some of which have been successfully deployed and remain in live use within the organisation, whereas others, despite achieving high levels of assimilation over a number of years, have not been ultimately retained in live use in the organization. Using a longitudinal case study, we discuss in depth the deployment process for two OSS applications – the desktop application suite whose deployment was unsuccessful ultimately, and the email application which was successfully deployed. To our knowledge, this is the first such in-depth study into successful and unsuccessful OSS implementation.

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