scholarly journals Contribution of recent plant photosynthates of <i>Eriophorum vaginatum</i> and <i>Scheuchzeria palustris</i> to methanogenesis and CH<sub>4</sub> transport at a boreal mire: a <sup>14</sup>C pulse-labeling study

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4359-4389
Author(s):  
M. Dorodnikov ◽  
K.-H. Knorr ◽  
Y. Kuzyakov ◽  
M. Wilmking
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Eriophorum Vaginatum ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Scheuchzeria Palustris ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Ch4 Transport

Abstract. Contribution of recent photosynthates to methanogenesis and plant-mediated methane (CH4) transport were studied on two dominating vascular plant species – Eriophorum vaginatum and Scheuchzeria palustris – at three microform types (hummocks, lawns and hollows) of a boreal natural minerogenic, oligotrophic fen in Eastern Finland. Measurements of total CH4 flux, isolation of shoots from entire peat and 14C-pulse labeling of mesocosms under controlled conditions allowed estimation of plant-mediated CH4 flux and contribution of recent (14C) photosynthates to total CH4. The obtained results showed (i) CH4 flux increases in the order E. hummocks ≤ E. lawns < S. hollows corresponding to the increasing water table level of the microforms as derived from in situ measurements. (ii) Plant-mediated CH4 flux accounted for 38, 31 and 51 % of total CH4 at E. hummocks, E. lawns and S. hollows, respectively. (iii) Contribution of recent photosynthates to methanogenesis accounted for 0.03 % for E. hummocks, 0.06 % for E. lawns and 0.13 % for S. hollows of assimilated 14C. Thus, S. palustris microsites are characterized by a higher efficiency for transporting CH4 from the peat column to the atmosphere when compared to E. vaginatum of drier lawns and hummocks. Contribution of recent plant photosynthates to methanogenesis was not depended on the amount of plant biomass: smaller S. palustris had higher 14CH4 as compared to larger E. vaginatum. Therefore, for the assessment of CH4 production and emission over meso- and macroscales as well as for the implication and development of C modeling of CH4 fluxes, it is necessary to account for plant species-specific processes including CH4 production, consumption and transportation and the attribution of those species to topographic microforms.

scholarly journals Plant-mediated CH<sub>4</sub> transport and contribution of photosynthates to methanogenesis at a boreal mire: a <sup>14</sup>C pulse-labeling study

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2365-2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dorodnikov ◽  
K.-H. Knorr ◽  
Y. Kuzyakov ◽  
M. Wilmking
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Scheuchzeria Palustris ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Ch4 Transport ◽  
Eastern Finland

Abstract. Plant-mediated methane (CH4) transport and the contribution of recent photosynthates to methanogenesis were studied on two dominating vascular plant species – Eriophorum vaginatum and Scheuchzeria palustris – at three types of microrelief forms (hummocks – E. hummocks, lawns – E. lawns and hollows – S. hollows) of a boreal natural minerogenic, oligotrophic fen in Eastern Finland. 14C-pulse labeling of mesocosms with shoots isolated from entire belowground peat under controlled conditions allowed estimation of plant-mediated CH4 flux and contribution of recent (14C) photosynthates to total CH4. The results showed (i) CH4 flux increased in the order E. hummocks ≤ E. lawns < S. hollows corresponding to the increasing water table level at the relief microforms as adjusted to field conditions. (ii) Plant-mediated CH4 flux accounted for 38, 31 and 51 % of total CH4 at E. hummocks, E. lawns and S. hollows, respectively. (iii) Contribution of recent photosynthates to methanogenesis accounted for 0.03 % for E. hummocks, 0.06 % for E. lawns and 0.13 % for S.hollows of assimilated 14C. Thus, microsites with S. palustris were characterized by higher rates of transported CH4 from the peat column to the atmosphere when compared to E. vaginatum of drier lawns and hummocks. Contribution of recent photosynthates to methanogenesis was dependent on the plant biomass within-species level (E. vaginatum at hummocks and lawns) but was not observed between species: smaller S. palustris had higher flux of 14CH4 as compared to larger E. vaginatum. Therefore, for the assessment of CH4 dynamics over meso- and macroscale as well as for the implication and development of the modeling of CH4 fluxes, it is necessary to account for plant species-specific differences in CH4 production, consumption and transport and the attribution of those species to topographic forms of microrelief.

scholarly journals Plant mediated methane efflux from a boreal peatland complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Korrensalo ◽  
I. Mammarella ◽  
P. Alekseychik ◽  
T. Vesala ◽  
E-S. Tuittila
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Scheuchzeria Palustris ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Methane Efflux ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
Plant Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Transport

Abstract Purpose Aerenchymous plants are an important control for methane efflux from peatlands to the atmosphere, providing a bypass from the anoxic peat and avoiding oxidation in the oxic peat. We aimed to quantify the drivers of aerenchymous peatland species methane transport and the importance of this process for ecosystem-scale methane efflux. Methods We measured seasonal and interspecies variation in methane transport rate per gram of plant dry mass at a boreal fen and bog, which were upscaled to ecosystem-scale plant methane transport. Results Methane transport rate was better explained by plant species, leaf greenness and area than by environmental variables. Leaves appeared to transport methane even after senescence. Contrary to our expectations, both methane transport rate and the proportion of plant transport were lower in the fen (with greater sedge cover) than in the bog site. At the fen and bog, average methane transport rate was 0.7 and 1.8 mg g−1 d−1, and the proportion of seasonally variable plant transport was 7–41% and 6–90%, respectively. Species-specific differences in methane transport rate were observed at the ecosystem-scale: Scheuchzeria palustris, which accounted for 16% of the aerenchymous leaf area in the fen and displayed the greatest methane transport rate, was responsible for 45% of the ecosystem-scale plant transport. Conclusion Our study showed that plant species influence the magnitude of ecosystem-scale methane emissions through their properties of methane transport. The identification and quantification of these properties could be the pivotal next step in predicting plant methane transport in peatlands.

scholarly journals New locations of rare vascular plant species on cut-over peat lands (on the example of Kirov Region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Natalya Yurievna Egorova ◽  
Tatiana Leonidovna Egoshina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Eriophorum Vaginatum ◽  
Industrial Impact ◽  
Drosera Rotundifolia ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Epipactis Helleborine ◽  
Ecological Range

The paper presents the investigation data of 6 cut-over peat lands in central area of Kirov Region (on the example of Zuev, Orichev, Slobod, Kirov and Chepez areas). The authors found the new locations of 10 rare plant species enlisted in the regional Red Book and species that have limited distribution in a region or have narrow ecological range ( Gymnadenia conopsea, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Epipactis helleborine, Epipactis atrorubens, Platanthera bifolia, Trichophorum alpinum, Botrychium multifidum, Dryopteris cristata, Thelipteris palustris, Huperzia selago ). They also describe the process of phytocoenoses. The study shows the development of new typical boggy plant societies as a result of secondary bogging (on the example of Trichophorum alpinum , Drosera rotundifolia , Carex nigra , Eriophorum vaginatum , Parnassia palustris ). The paper estimates the state of rare species populations. The authors analyze the ability of the species to inhabit artificial landscapes and anthropogenically modified phytocoenoses. That shows an explerent component of ecological-phytocoenotic strategy. Secondary boggy landscapes can play the role of refugiums for the species which habitats were lost due to industrial impact.

scholarly journals Consumption rate and dietary choice of cattle in species-rich mesic grasslands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nóra Balogh ◽  
Béla Tóthmérész ◽  
Orsolya Valkó ◽  
Balázs Deák ◽  
Katalin Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Dietary Choice ◽  
Biomass Removal

AbstractFor the improvement and maintenance of the desirable ecological value of grasslands it is necessary to manage them in a way which maintains their structure and their long-term functioning. Extensive grazing plays a crucial role in the seasonal biomass removal, thereby it prevents litter accumulation and shrub encroachment. Defoliation and biomass removal are among the most important effects of grazing on the vegetation, while the sufficient quantity and quality of plant biomass is an important ecosystem service for animal husbandry. In order to maintain the long term functioning of pastures it is important to gather information about the amount of consumed biomass and the dietary choice of the grazers. Therefore, we studied the direct effects of grazing on species-rich meadow steppes in Central-Hungary and the underlying mechanisms of dietary choice of cattle using trait-based approach. We asked the following questions: (i) What are the direct effects of grazing on the main biomass fractions (litter, moss, forbs and graminoids)? (ii) Which traits distinguish the preferred and non-preferred vascular plant species? The studied pastures were divided into two adjacent units, which were managed differently in the study year: the grazed units were managed by grazing for three months before the sampling date, while the control units remained ungrazed until the sampling. We collected above-ground biomass samples, measured leaf traits and shoot nitrogen content of plants. The consumption of the litter and moss biomass was negligible, while the reduction of the live biomass of vascular plants was 65%. Grazing significantly decreased the flowering success of plants. Cattle consumed species characterized by high specific leaf area and high nitrogen content. Based on our results we emphasize that, in order to ensure the reproduction of most plant species in the long term, it is unfavourable to graze an area every year in the same period. Instead, it is recommended to use grazing in a mosaic spatial and temporal pattern. The livestock carrying capacity of an area and the long-term management of grasslands can be carefully planned based on biomass measurements and the nutritional value of plants, which is well indicated by some easily measurable plant properties such as specific leaf area and the nitrogen content of species.

Differentiation of new coenomorph in context of the Belgard’s ecomorph system development

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
System Development ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Nowadays, bioecological characteristics of species are the basis for flora and vegetation studying on the different levels. Bioecological characteristics of species is required in process of flora studying on the different levels such as biotopes or phytocenoses, floras of particular areas (floras of ecologically homogeneous habitats), and floras of certain territories. Ramensky scale is the one of first detailed ecological scales on plant species ordination in relation to various environmental factors; it developed in 1938 (Ramensky, 1971). A little later (1941), Pogrebnyak’s scale of forest stands was proposed. Ellenberg’s system developed in 1950 (Ellenberg, 1979) and Tsyganov’s system (Tsyganov, 1975) are best known as the systems of ecological scales on vascular plant species; these systems represent of habitat detection by ecotopic ecomorphs of plant species (phytoindication). Basically, the system proposed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard was the one of first system of plant species that identiified ectomorphs in relation to environmental factors. As early as 1950, Belgard developed the tabulated system of ecomorphs using the Latin ecomorphs abbreviation; he also used the terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), as well as terminology of other authors. The article analyzes the features of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs on vascular plants. It has certain significance and advantages over other systems of ecomorphs. The use of abbreviated Latin names of ecomorphs in tabular form enables the use shortened form of ones. In the working scheme of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs relation of species to environmental factors are represented in the abbreviated Latin alphabetic version (Belgard, 1950). Combined into table, the ecomorphic analysis of plant species within association (ecological certification of species), biotope or area site (water area) gives an explicit pattern on ecological structure of flora within surveyed community, biotope or landscape, and on environmental conditions. Development and application by Belgrard the cenomorphs as «species’ adaptation to phytocenosis as a whole» were completely new in the development of systems of ecomorphs and, in this connection, different coenomorphs were distinguished. Like any concept, the system of ecomorphs by Belgard has the possibility and necessity to be developed and added. Long-time researches and analysis of literature sources allow to propose a new coenomorph in the context of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs development: silvomargoant (species of forest margin, from the Latin words margo – edge, boundary (Dvoretsky, 1976), margo – margin, ad margins silvarum – along the deciduous forest margins). As an example of ecomorphic characterization of species according to the system of ecomorphs by Belgard (when the abbreviated Latin ecomorph names are used in tabular form and the proposed cenomorph is used), it was given the part of the table on vascular plants ecomorphs in the National Nature Park «Orelsky» (Baranovsky et al). The Belgard’s system of ecomorphs is particularly convenient and can be successfully applied to data processing in the ecological analysis of the flora on wide areas with significant species richness, and the proposed ecomorph will be another necessary element in the Belgard’s system of ecomorphs. 

scholarly journals Deciphering Substrate-Specific Methane Yields of Perennial Herbaceous Wild Plant Species

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Moritz von Cossel ◽  
Lorena Agra Pereira ◽  
Iris Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Wild Plant Species ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Bioenergy Cropping Systems

The global demand for plant biomass to provide bioenergy and heat is continuously increasing because of a growing interest among many industrialized and developing countries towards climate sound and renewable energy supply. The exacerbation of land-use conflicts proliferates social-ecological demands on future bioenergy cropping systems. Perennial herbaceous wild plant mixtures (WPMs) represent an approach to providing social-ecologically more sustainably produced biogas substrate that has gained increasing public and political interest only in recent years. The focus of this study lies on three perennial wild plant species (WPS) that usually dominate the biomass yield performance of WPM cultivation. These WPS were compared with established biogas crops in terms of their substrate-specific methane yield (SMY) and lignocellulosic composition. The plant samples were investigated in a small-scale mesophilic discontinuous biogas batch test for determining the SMY. All WPS were found to have significantly lower SMY (241.5–248.5 lN kgVS−1) than maize (337.5 lN kgVS−1). This was attributed to higher contents of lignin (9.7–12.8% of dry matter) as well as lower contents of hemicellulose (9.9–11.5% of dry matter) in the WPS. Only minor, non-significant differences to cup plant and Virginia mallow were observed. Thus, when planning WPS as a diversification measure in biogas cropping systems, their lower SMY should be considered.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic parameters of a sedge-grass marsh as a big-leaf: effect of plant species composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Mejdová ◽  
Jiří Dušek ◽  
Lenka Foltýnová ◽  
Lenka Macálková ◽  
Hana Čížková
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Dominant Plant Species ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Carex Acuta ◽  
Leaf P

AbstractThe study estimates the parameters of the photosynthesis–irradiance relationship (PN/I) of a sedge-grass marsh (Czech Republic, Europe), represented as an active “green” surface—a hypothetical “big-leaf”. Photosynthetic parameters of the “big-leaf” are based on in situ measurements of the leaf PN/I curves of the dominant plant species. The non-rectangular hyperbola was selected as the best model for fitting the PN/I relationships. The plant species had different parameters of this relationship. The highest light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat) was recorded for Glyceria maxima and Acorus calamus followed by Carex acuta and Phalaris arundinacea. The lowest Asat was recorded for Calamagrostis canescens. The parameters of the PN/I relationship were calculated also for different growth periods. The highest Asat was calculated for the spring period followed by the summer and autumn periods. The effect of the species composition of the local plant community on the photosynthetic parameters of the “big-leaf” was addressed by introducing both real (recorded) and hypothetical species compositions corresponding to “wet” and “dry” hydrological conditions. We can conclude that the species composition (or diversity) is essential for reaching a high Asat of the “big-leaf ”representing the sedge-grass marsh in different growth periods.

Species-diagnostic and species-specific DNA sequences evenly distributed throughout pine and spruce chromosomes

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Mehes-Smith ◽  
Paul Michael ◽  
Kabwe Nkongolo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Rapd And Issr ◽  
Specific Sequences

Genome organization in the family Pinaceae is complex and largely unknown. The main purpose of the present study was to develop and physically map species-diagnostic and species-specific molecular markers in pine and spruce. Five RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and one ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) species-diagnostic or species-specific markers for Picea mariana , Picea rubens , Pinus strobus , or Pinus monticola were identified, cloned, and sequenced. In situ hybridization of these sequences to spruce and pine chromosomes showed the sequences to be present in high copy number and evenly distributed throughout the genome. The analysis of centromeric and telomeric regions revealed the absence of significant clustering of species-diagnostic and species-specific sequences in all the chromosomes of the four species studied. Both RAPD and ISSR markers showed similar patterns.

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