On the self-calibrated absolute vector data produced by the ASM absolute magnetometers on board the Swarm satellites, results and prospect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauthier Hulot ◽  
Pierre Vigneron ◽  
Jean-Michel Léger ◽  
Thomas Jager
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vector Data ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
Product Report ◽  
Scalar Data ◽  
Swarm Satellites ◽  
Geomagnetic Field Models ◽  
Term Monitoring

<p>Satellites of the ESA Swarm mission carry Absolute Scalar Magnetometers (ASM) that provide the nominal 1 Hz scalar data of the mission and allow the calibration of the nominal fluxgate vector magnetometry payload. ASM instruments, however, also provide independent 1 Hz experimental self-calibrated ASM-V vector data. More than six years of such data have been produced since the launch of the mission in November 2013. They allow the construction of global geomagnetic field models fully capable of capturing the fast temporal evolution of the core field, illustrating the ability of the ASM instruments to operate as a stand-alone instrument for advanced geomagnetic investigations. In this presentation we will provide the latest update on the ASM-V data (soon to be released as a new Swarm product), report on our ongoing efforts to further use these data to improve the nominal data of the mission, and discuss the prospect offered by the planned use of a miniaturized version of this ASM on board the satellites of the NanoMagSat constellation. This nano-satellite project is currently undergoing a 6 months consolidation study funded by the ESA Scout mission program. With a launch planned in 2024, it aims at forming the basis of a low-cost constellation for permanent long-term monitoring of the geomagnetic field and ionospheric environment from space.</p>

scholarly journals Long-Term Monitoring of Atrazine Contamination in Soil by ELISA

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Kramer ◽  
Johann Lepschy ◽  
Bertold Hock
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sample Throughput ◽  
Atrazine Contamination ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hplc Data

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used for screening atrazine residues in soil. Samples were annually collected in Southern Germany between 1993 and 1998. An average of 419.5 samples was analyzed per year amounting to 2517 samples. The fraction of positive samples defined by atrazine concentrations >100 μg/kg soil decreased successively from 8% (corresponding to 33 samples) in 1993 to 0.6% (corresponding to 2 samples) in 1998. All positive samples and a selection of negative samples were subsequently validated by HPLC. Comparison of ELISA and HPLC data yielded correlation coefficient values of r= 0.958–0.981 (n= 18–47), except for 1995 when only a correlation of r= 0.864 (n= 18) was obtained. Four samples were overestimated and another 4 were underestimated with respect to the atrazine threshold value of 100 μg/kg soil as revealed by HPLC validation. Thus, 99.68% of 2517 analyzed samples were correctly evaluated. The precision and reproducibility of the ELISA were adequate for a prescreening tool. The low cost per sample and the high sample throughput are not yet achievable by conventional analytical methods. The described combination of ELISA and HPLC has the potential to take advantage of both methods and to restrict determination errors to a minimum.

Comparison of low cost measurement techniques for long-term monitoring of atmospheric ammonia

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sutton ◽  
B. Miners ◽  
Y. S. Tang ◽  
C. Milford ◽  
G. P. Wyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Atmospheric Ammonia ◽  
Cost Measurement ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

scholarly journals Assessing trends in rat populations in urban and non-urban environments in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Maas ◽  
Tamara Helsloot ◽  
Katsuhisa Takumi ◽  
Joke van der Giessen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Large Municipality

Abstract Rats in urban areas pose health risks as they can transmit various zoonotic pathogens. Monitoring rat populations in urban areas is therefore a key determinant in risk assessments for taking adequate control and preventive measures. However, large-scale and long-term monitoring of rat populations is labor-intensive and time consuming. The aim of this study was to develop a low-cost and low-time- consuming method to gain insight into the trends of rat populations in urban and non-urban environments in the Netherlands, and to identify potential drivers of these trends. From 2014 to 2018, local municipalities or their pest control organizations voluntarily submitted quarterly overviews of rat nuisance reports in urban areas. For non-urban areas, a nationwide record of reported bycatch species from the muskrat control was used to assess a potential trend. To identify potential drivers of observed trends, employees of nine municipalities were interviewed. Rat nuisance reports from 25 municipalities were analyzed. An increasing trend in rat nuisance reports was observed in 12, a decreasing trend in 3 and no trend in 10 municipalities. In non-urban areas, no trend in the bycatch of rats was detected. The increase in rat nuisance reports was associated with a large municipality resident size. No consistent drivers could be identified, but potential drivers were discussed in the interviews. Although it was not possible to quantify their influence on the rat population trends seen, they provide direction for future studies on drivers of rat populations.

scholarly journals Development of an Inverted Epifluorescence Microscope for Long-Term Monitoring of Bacteria in Multiplexed Microfluidic Devices

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4140
Author(s):  
Amaro Torres-Simón ◽  
María Henar Marino ◽  
Clara Gómez-Cruz ◽  
Marina Cañadas ◽  
Miguel Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Developing more efficient methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing is a pressing issue in novel drug development as bacterial resistance to antibiotics becomes increasingly common. Microfluidic devices have been demonstrated to be powerful platforms that allow researchers to perform multiplexed antibiotic testing. However, the level of multiplexing within microdevices is limited, evidencing the need of creating simple, low-cost and high-resolution imaging systems that can be integrated in antibiotic development pipelines. This paper describes the design and development of an epifluorescence inverted microscope that enables long-term monitoring of bacteria inside multiplexed microfluidic devices. The goal of this work is to provide a simple microscope powerful enough to allow single-cell analysis of bacteria at a reduced cost. This facilitates increasing the number of microscopes that are simultaneously used for antibiotic testing. We prove that the designed system is able to accurately detect fluorescent beads of 100 nm, demonstrating comparable features to high-end commercial microscopes and effectively achieving the resolution required for single-cell analysis of bacteria. The proposed microscope could thus increase the efficiency in antibiotic testing while reducing cost, size, weight, and power requirements, contributing to the successful development of new antibiotic drugs.

Low-cost long-term monitoring of global climate forcings and feedbacks

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 247-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hansen ◽  
W. Rossow ◽  
B. Carlson ◽  
A. Lacis ◽  
L. Travis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Climate Forcings ◽  
Term Monitoring

scholarly journals Cave Pearl Data Logger – A flexible Arduino-based Logging Platform for Long-Term Monitoring in Harsh Environments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Beddows ◽  
Edward K. Mallon
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
Term Monitoring

A low-cost data logging platform is presented for environmental monitoring projects that provides long-term operation in remote or submerged environments. Three premade “breakout boards” from the open-source Arduino ecosystem are assembled into the core of the platform. The components are selected based on low-cost and ready availability, making the loggers easy to build and modify without specialized tools, or a significant background in electronics. Power optimization techniques are explained. The platform has proven to be highly reliable, and capable of operating for more than a year on standard AA batteries. The flexibility of the system is illustrated with two ongoing field studies recording drip rates in a cave, and water flow in a flooded cave system.

Low-Cost Long-Term Monitoring of Global Climate Forcings and Feedbacks

1996 ◽  
pp. 117-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hansen ◽  
W. Rossow ◽  
B. Carlson ◽  
A. Lacis ◽  
L. Travis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Climate Forcings ◽  
Term Monitoring

scholarly journals The Development of a Sub-Surface Monitoring System for Organic Contamination in Soils and Groundwater

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1101-1107
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Huntley ◽  
Lawrence J. Ritchie ◽  
Steven J. Setford ◽  
Selwayan Saini
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Term Monitoring

A major problem when dealing with environmental contamination is the early detection and subsequent surveillance of the contamination. This paper describes the potential of sub-surface sensor technology for the early detection of organic contaminants in contaminated soils, sediments, and landfill sites. Rugged, low-power hydrocarbon sensors have been developed, along with a data-logging system, for the early detection of phase hydrocarbons in soil. Through laboratory-based evaluation, the ability of this system to monitor organic contamination in water-based systems is being evaluated. When used in conjunction with specific immunoassays, this can provide a sensitive and low-cost solution for long-term monitoring and analysis, applicable to a wide range of field applications.

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