Mapping Drainage Canals in Southeast Asian Peatlands and their Implications for Peatland Degradation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Dadap ◽  
Alexander Cobb ◽  
Alison Hoyt ◽  
Krishna Rao ◽  
Charles Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Peatland Hydrology ◽  
Drainage Canals ◽  
Peatland Degradation

<p>Drainage canal networks associated with agricultural land use are a major contributor to peatland degradation in Southeast Asia. These canals are used to control water table depth and make the soil suitable for planting, but their presence has the negative impact of drying out peat soils near the ground surface. Drier soils in turn cause elevated fire risk, increased carbon release to the atmosphere, and subsidence. Although canals directly impact local peat hydrology, the effect of drainage intensity (i.e. canal density) in peatlands has not been quantitatively investigated, due to a lack of reliable canal maps in the region.<br><br>In this study, we trained a machine learning model to identify drainage canals and map their density throughout Southeast Asian peatlands using remote sensing imagery. Specifically, a fully convolutional neural network was applied to RGB 5m resolution Basemap imagery from Planet. Training data was generated by hand-labeling canals from satellite images, and validation of canal density was performed via comparison to independently labeled maps. A map of canal density was then produced across ISEA peatlands using images from 2017. We compared canal density with land use type and found that mean canal density is highest in industrial plantations. We also compared canal density with fire occurrence and subsidence data. This new dataset has potential applications for studies of peatland hydrology, land use change, and fire risk.</p>

Challenges to peatland restoration in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Suryadiputra
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Peatland Hydrology ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Drainage Canals ◽  
High Level ◽  
Peatland Degradation

<p>Challenges to peatland restoration in Indonesia<br>By <br>Nyoman Suryadiputra*) </p><p><br>Tropical peat swamps in Indonesia are currently experiencing degradation at a very alarming rate. Degradation starts from the time of land clearing (generally burned / uses fire) for both private and community-owned plantations, then a very massive network of drainage canals is built (every 1 Ha of peat land cleared, about 120 m - 700 m long canals are needed). These drainage canals aim to reduce the surface water level of peat so that the land can be planted (especially for) oil palm or acacia. However, peat water release can go out of control, beyond the peatland water level threshold determined by government regulation No 71/2014 on Peatland Management, as a result peat becomes dry, flammable and emits large amount of GHGs. In the long run, if drainage and fires continue, peatlands will experience subsidence, form basins, peat even disappear, flooded during rain and eventually the land becomes unproductive (stranded) and difficult to restore. Such conditions will be more severe and difficult to overcome if in the landscape (peatland hydrology unit) there are various activities by various parties, each of whom has different interests and understandings of peatland use. Regarding the above, restoration of peatland that has been damaged has a very serious challenge. Damage that is getting heavier will have a high level of difficulty and a long recovery time. In addition, the success rate of restoration is determined by benchmarks or recovery criteria that have not been scientifically determined and adopted by the Indonesian government.</p><p><em>Keywords : peatland, degradation, landscape, restoration    </em></p><p><br>*)  Director of Wetlands International Indonesia</p>

scholarly journals LAND USE CHANGE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN A SPATIAL POLITICAL APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Rizca Yunike Putri
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Spatial Politics ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Political Approach

The effort to meet the community's need for space is to change the function of land which was originally used as agricultural activity to become a space for other community activities and is non-agricultural in nature, which we will later call the conversion of agricultural land. Generally, uncontrolled conversion of agricultural land functions, if not addressed, can lead to serious problems, among others, can threaten the capacity of food supply and environmental sustainability. The trend of increasing demand for land makes conversion of agricultural land difficult to avoid. The loss of agricultural land and the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural functions regardless of its form are indicators for the development of modern cities. The modern city which is synonymous with industrialization and the splendor of buildings will gradually remove agricultural areas and change the environmental ecosystem further. If viewed from an ecological point of view, of course this problem causes environmental imbalance which will have a negative impact on food security. But what about the conversion of agricultural land from the viewpoint of spatial politics?Keywords: Agricultural land, land use changes, political spatial

scholarly journals Surface Water Hydrology Conditions in Alabio Polder for Irrigation

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soewarno Soewarno
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Surface Water Hydrology ◽  
Drainage Canals ◽  
Main Canal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Elevation

The Alabio polder irrigation which area of 6000 ha is situated at the Negara river basin in Kalimantan Selatan province, consist of agricultural land which major part is approximately used for paddy-fields (60%), swamp zone (30%), and other (10%). During rainy season are usually flooded, which water level of 0,50 – 1,50 m above the ground surface. The flooding is due to the slight slope of the Alabio, Panggang, and Negara river. During field investigatiton period from Desember 1989 to Pebruary 1990, inflow discharge measured in the Tabukan intake was 14,9 – 17,1 m3/det, which water elevation was 2,62 – 2,74 m MSL, in Mahar intake was 0,52 – 2,67 m3/det, which water elevation was 2,94 – 3,25 m MSL. The outflow discharge measured in the Kalumpang drainage main canal was 1,68 – 17,1 m3/det, and in the Luang drainage canal was 13,62 – 16,92 m3/det. The Alabio Polder outside slope was 0,00011 – 0,00025, the inside slope was 0,00002 – 0,00010. The difference of water level elevations for the various discharge in the Alabio canals network is due back water in the downstream Polder area. Sedimentation was accour in the intake and drainage canals. The chemical analyze show that surface water meet to the standard for irrigation. The hydrologycal optimation and water balance study should be necessary.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Land Use System for Supporting Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Quoc Oai District, Hanoi City

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Thi Thu Tai ◽  
Tran Van Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Rice Fish

The area of ​​agricultural land in Quoc Oai District is quite large of  9949,0 hectares, accounting for 65,83% of total area of the district. The study have identified 77 land use systems (LUS) which are based on 56 land units and 7 major land use types. The effectiveness of ecological adaptability, economics, social and environment is evaluated and allows to determine main developed fields in ​​agricultural production, consistings of: wet rice, rice-fish, fruit trees, tea, short-day plants, forest (acacia) and aquaculture. Fruit trees is a land use types which have wide ecological adaptability area, the best economic effectiveness (168.4 million/ha/year), the local people's priorities, low negative impact on the environment. LUS evaluation process described in this paper can be applied to other districts which have an agricultural area in Ha Noi.

scholarly journals Financial Development and Renewables in Southeast Asian Countries—The Role of Organic Waste Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8748
Author(s):  
Thu Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Van Chien Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This paper aims to fill the existing gap by investigating the linkage between organic waste materials, financial development and renewables in Southeast Asia; this is the very first study covering this area. Using panel data of ten economies in this area in the period of 1990–2016 and estimating the advanced regression method in statistics of pooled mean group (PMG) estimates, the paper aims to examine the panel unit root tests in the first and second generations, as well as cointegration tests followed by Pedroni, Kao, and Westerlund tests; the results demonstrate that there is a negative impact from financial development on renewables. Further, biofuel processing is consistent with renewables that are predominantly made from organic matter and wastes. In addition, biofuel sources can be proxied by three factors, namely agricultural land, forest land, and number of heads of cattle livestock. The agricultural land has a negative and statistically significant impact on renewables while cattle livestock has a positive effect in the long run. Additionally, a higher level of trade openness has a lower level of renewables in the case of Southeast Asian countries.

scholarly journals A national extent map of cropland and grassland for Switzerland based on Sentinel-2 data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pazúr ◽  
Nica Huber ◽  
Dominique Weber ◽  
Christian Ginzler ◽  
Bronwyn Price
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Google Earth Engine ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract. Agricultural landscapes support multiple functions and are of great importance for biodiversity. Heterogeneous agricultural mosaics of cropland and grassland commonly result from variable land use practices and ecosystem service demands. Switzerland’s agricultural land use is considerably spatially heterogeneous due to strong variability in conditions, especially topography and climate, thus presenting challenges to automated agricultural mapping. Nation-wide knowledge of the location of cropland and grassland is necessary for effective conservation and land use planning. We mapped the distribution of cropland and grassland across Switzerland. We used several indices largely derived from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery captured over multiple growing seasons, and parcel-based training data derived from landholder reporting. The mapping was conducted within Google Earth Engine using a random forest classifier. The resulting map has high accuracy in lowlands as well as in mountainous areas. The map will act as a base agricultural land cover dataset for researchers and  practitioners working in agricultural areas of Switzerland and interested in land cover and landscape structure. The map as well as the training data and calculation algorithms (using Google Earth Engine) are freely available for download on the Envidat platform (doi: 10.16904/envidat.205). 

scholarly journals Effect of population pressure on land to Manggar watershed at East Belitung Regency, Bangka Belitung Island Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 909 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
M Y Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Land Exploitation

Abstract Population pressure triggers farmers to expand their cultivation area due to population growth. East Belitung Regency, an expanded area of Belitung Regency, has developed into a new economic center on Belitung Island. The agricultural sector which has the largest contribution to the economy of east Belitung, but it has a negative impact due to the increasing demand for land by the community. This research examines the population pressure on agricultural land in each sub-district area as part of Manggar Watershed. The recent study presents the results of spatial analysis of land cover overlaying to the population of the Manggar watershed using ArcGIS 10.1 software. The results showed that three sub-districts intersect one another, namely Gantung sub-district (2.17%), Kelapa Kampit sub-district (12.49%), and Manggar sub-district (83.34%). In addition, there are ten types of land cover in the Manggar watershed, and the most prominent area is dominated by mining (8,709 Ha). Population pressure on agricultural land in the Manggar watershed is classified as moderate for the Gantung sub-district and low for the Kelapa Kampit and Gantung sub-districts. Furthermore, this study also revealed that land exploitation for the agricultural mean is still below its carrying capacity. Nevertheless, it is necessary to improve the better management of land-use systems in the Manggar watershed.

scholarly journals The Detection of Changes in Land Use and Land Cover of Al- Kut City Using Geographic Information System (GIS)

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 747-760
Author(s):  
Fatima Asaad Tayeb ◽  
Ahmed Kareem Jebur ◽  
Husham H. Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Information System ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The City

Models of digital elevation (DEMs), which provide elevation information for the ground surface of the catchment, are core components of computer-based analyzes for drainage basins. Many production methods are available, including contour interpolation, DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) interpolation, and digital photogrammetry techniques. However, data on the precision and often contradictory nature of these three techniques are sparse. This study aims at identifying some of the contributing factors and comparing the accuracy of various approaches quantitatively. Changes in land coverage break ecosystem cycles, which may directly affect land ability to sustain human activity resulting in long-term trends of decline and inter-annual variability. It can be monitored at a spatial level of detail to enable the study of human-induced changes. Remote sensing techniques (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) methods have been used to extract the spatial and temporal changes of urban land use in the city of Al-Kut. The land sat satellite images taken in periods encompassing 1997, 2007, and 2017 are used. As a result, the city has lost a large part of its urban specificity and gained randomness and disorder in most of its residential neighborhoods, which was especially exacerbated after the change in the governing system in 2003. The results show an increase of 314% and 219% in industrial and residential areas, respectively, whereas agricultural land and open spaces have decreased by 66 % and 32%. The data analysis reveals a diagnostic relationship between land-use conversion and socio-economic drivers. This research sheds light on the total area changes of the Al-Kut city before and after 2003. It highlights the significant destruction of the city life, which was established over almost three centuries.

scholarly journals Impact of Urbanization on Agricultural Land in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terwase Shabu ◽  
Sussan Fate ◽  
Mfanyo Keziah Ukula
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the Impact of Urbanization on Agricultural Land in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State. The data collected were population figures and land use for three Epoch (1997, 2007 and 2017). The satellite images were sourced from the National Center for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Jos. In the analysis, cross change detection analysis and overlay analysis using ArcGIS 9.0 was performed to detect where land-use change has occurred and which type of land use agricultural land has transformed too. The GIS analysis revealed that there is an increase in settlement and a decrease in Agricultural land from 1997 – 2017. It also revealed that 99.51ha of agricultural land use has been converted to settlement between 1997 and 2017. The results reveal that urbanization has significant effects on Agricultural Land in the study area and these effects include; decreasing agricultural land, decreasing agricultural activities and decrease in farm size. If the growth in the population of Makurdi LGA continues unchecked, agricultural land will be significantly depleted in the future. The study recommended that there should be effective law and policy to control population growth sustainably to minimize the negative impact of urbanization in the study area. Also, urban agriculture should be encouraged to sustain the food supply in urban areas.

scholarly journals Economic analysis for urbanization impact on food and processing companies use case of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Nazarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Economic Development

The paper is devoted to studying the economic and social connections between the urbanization process and agricultural land use in Ukraine. It is worth noting that both urbanization and agriculture require new lands for their future development. The important part of this connection is ecology and effective use of the available resources, as well as land use in the context of urbanization. After all, the process of urbanization can have a significant negative impact on the state of land resources. The research work determines which economic factors of urbanization are the most relevant to the land use in city suburbs and agricultural regions. The article introduces the notion of economic feasibility of land use by purpose and studies cases of food and processing companies. Food and processing industries were chosen as the main research subjects since they are the most promising fields for the future economic development of each individual region and country as a whole. These industries are centered around both import and export, besides producing added value products. Cities without a doubt are the main consumers of food products and at the same time, they drain labor resources from the countryside. In this research work, we studied the global situation in Ukraine, how 21-century urbanization has affected the agricultural sector in the country. This sector has experienced rapid growth in past decades, as opposed to industrial and manufacturing sectors, and increased the national wide level of land use. While the national wide level of urbanization might not be the highest in modern history (20th to 21st century), it continues to have a wide impact on the national economy. The scope of this impact falls outside of this research work as it consists of multidimensional data and a wide range of interdependencies, including policies and regulations. Research models require a large amount of data and cases, that’s why we focused on the food and processing sector in this paper. They proved to be a good test ground to study the urbanization impact patterns as well as make economical modeling more convenient. In this context, the peculiarities of land use models were studied, as food and processing industries use land resources, can be located both inside the city, suburban area, or in remote farmland region. It is evident that cities and businesses form large supply and demand of natural resources, labor, and financial investments.

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