science-policy interface: the italian experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
corina angela
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Warning System ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
International Expert ◽  
Hydraulic Modelling ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Science Policy Interface

<p>Over the last 15 years, in the framework of the Italian early warning system, managed directly by the civil protection authorities, the gap between science and policy have been positively bridged with the Knowledge Centres: a national strategy, with a formal architecture that has build a dialogue between scientific community and responsibility services.<br>The applied research, tailored on operational user needs, has been funded and supported leading to the development of advanced applications in coupled meteo-hydrological modelling, satellite rapid damage analysis, hydraulic modelling, levees vulnerability estimation etc.<br>Similar interface models are being created in the European institutions (DRMKC, European Commission) or in the international expert Agencies ( Research Panel, WMO).<br>The general positive dialogue among science and policy, in a mutual enrichment, is presented in this paper. </p>

scholarly journals Country Representatives’ Perceptions of the Biodiversity Science-Policy Interface

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
André Derek Mader ◽  
Brian Alan Johnson ◽  
Yuki Ohashi ◽  
Isabella Fenstermaker
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Biodiversity Knowledge ◽  
Biodiversity Science ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
The Subject

Biodiversity knowledge is communicated by scientists to policymakers at the biodiversity “science-policy interface” (SPI). Although the biodiversity SPI is the subject of a growing body of literature, gaps in our understanding include the efficacy of mechanisms to bridge the interface, the quality of information exchanged between science and policy, and the inclusivity of stakeholders involved. To improve this understanding, we surveyed an important but under-studied group—biodiversity policymakers and scientific advisors representing their respective countries in negotiations of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). We found that a wide variety of SPI mechanisms were being used. Overall, they were considered to be sufficiently effective, improving over time, and supplied with information of adequate quality. Most respondents, however, agreed that key actors were still missing from the biodiversity SPI.

scholarly journals KNN algorithm of early warning system for applied research course

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Zian Li ◽  
Cui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Warning System ◽  
System Model ◽  
Manhattan Distance ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Basic Experimental Data

This paper designed a small course early warning system based on KNN algorithm, aimed at students haven’t finished the course of time can be completed by yourself some predict their courses by chance. In this paper, the basic principle of KNN algorithm is briefly introduced, and the course warning system is modified by Manhattan distance with added weights. This paper briefly describes the basic framework of this model and introduces the application of KNN algorithm in this model. Through a large number of basic experimental data to test the training, using figures to show, finally get the curriculum early warning system model, to achieve the effect of curriculum early warning.

Bridging the science-policy gap in a transition-country setting: enablers and barriers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micha Werner ◽  
Nora van Cauwenbergh ◽  
Tibor Stigter ◽  
Leonardo Alfonso Segura ◽  
Teresita Betancur Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Scientific Results

<p>Despite a significant increase in attention for uptake of scientific results, the integration of emerging science in policy development and implementation remains challenging. The persistent gap between science and policy may frustrate the parties involved. For the scientists, the intended impacts of what are typically very much applied research efforts remain unattained. Those involved in policy implementation and development may perceive a lack of scientific support. This may particularly be the case in transitional countries, where the development of science may struggle to keep up with rapid societal and policy development; with several factors either impeding or facilitating the uptake of emergent scientific knowledge.</p><p>We implemented a series of participatory and action research activities to support the development and implementation of groundwater management policies in Colombia and explore barriers and enabling conditions to a functional science-policy interface. The factors that either impede or facilitate the process are examined through three case studies in different regions of the country. Although the national policies that govern groundwater resources management in these three areas are the same; the degree to which scientific knowledge is used to support policy implementation varies. Several factors are identified that influence the effectivity of the linkage, including among others; the availability of scientific knowledge; the establishing of trust relationships and positioning of institutions and stakeholders; as well as institutional readiness in supporting the policy implementation process. This comparison provides useful insight into how addressing some of the impeding factors may enrich the science-policy process.</p>

scholarly journals Structuring policy problems for plastics, the environment and human health: reflections from the UK

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1526) ◽  
pp. 2141-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Shaxson
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Simple Problem ◽  
Problem Structuring ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Policy Problems

How can we strengthen the science–policy interface for plastics, the environment and human health? In a complex policy area with multiple stakeholders, it is important to clarify the nature of the particular plastics-related issue before trying to understand how to reconcile the supply and demand for evidence in policy. This article proposes a simple problem typology to assess the fundamental characteristics of a policy issue and thus identify appropriate processes for science–policy interactions. This is illustrated with two case studies from one UK Government Department, showing how policy and science meet over the environmental problems of plastics waste in the marine environment and on land. A problem-structuring methodology helps us understand why some policy issues can be addressed through relatively linear flows of science from experts to policymakers but why others demand a more reflexive approach to brokering the knowledge between science and policy. Suggestions are given at the end of the article for practical actions that can be taken on both sides.

scholarly journals Cognitive disabilities and web accessibility: a survey into the Brazilian web development community

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-327
Author(s):  
Talita Cristina Pagani Britto Pichiliani ◽  
Ednaldo Brigante Pizzolato
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Cognitive Disabilities ◽  
Web Accessibility ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Web Development ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Organizational Barriers ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
Exploratory Survey

Cognitive disabilities include a diversity of conditions related to cognitive functions, such as reading, understanding, learning, solving problems, memorization and speaking. They differ largely from each other, making them a heterogeneous complex set of disabilities. Although the awareness about cognitive disabilities has been increasing in the last few years, it is still less than necessary compared to other disabilities. The need for an investigation about this issue is part of the agenda of the Challenge 2 (Accessibility and Digital Inclusion) from GranDIHC-Br. This paper describes the results of an online exploratory survey conducted with 105 web development professionals from different sectors to understand their knowledge and barriers regarding accessibility for people with cognitive disabilities. The results evidenced three biases that potentially prevent those professionals from approaching cogni-tive disabilities: strong organizational barriers; difficulty to understand user needs related to cognitive disabilities; a knowledge gap about web accessibility principles and guidelines. Our results confirmed that web development professionals are unaware about cognitive disabilities mostly by a lack of knowledge about them, even if they understand web accessibility in a technical level. Therefore, we suggest that applied research studies focus on how to fill this knowledge gap before providing tools, artifacts or frameworks.

Conceptualizing Numbers at the Science–Policy Interface

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Kovacic
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Policy Alternative ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Interface Science ◽  
Valuation Of Ecosystem Services ◽  
Pedigree Approach

Quantitative information is one of the means used to interface science with policy. As a consequence, much effort is invested in producing quantitative information for policy and much criticism is directed toward the use of numbers in policy. In this paper, I analyze five approaches drawn from such criticisms and propose alternative uses of quantitative information for governance: (i) valuation of ecosystem services, (ii) social multicriteria evaluation, (iii) quantification of uncertainty through the Numeral, Unit, Spread, Assessment, Pedigree approach, (iv) Quantitative Story-Telling, and (v) the heuristic use of statistics. The analysis shows the varied ways that numbers are conceptualized and how different conceptualizations matter for the science–policy interface. Alternative conceptualizations of numbers are used to challenge the model of science-speaking truth to power. Uncertainty, complexity, pluralism, malpractice, and values are mobilized to redefine the relations between science and policy. Alternative quantification may produce alternative facts, but reflexive approaches that use numbers to discuss the relevance of equity, positionality, and quality in science for policy may offer a remedy.

scholarly journals Passport to the oceans of the future: delivering marine energy with science linked to policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Michelle Slater ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Energy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Joint Event ◽  
Marine Planning

In February 2021, a group from MASTS, Environmental Interactions of Marine Renewables (EIMR) and Marine Scotland began exploring options for a joint event on marine energy science and policy development. The original concept was to bridge the gap between events that each group would normally arrange ‘in person’ and the virtual world in which we were all currently existing. Encouraged by the online support and experience available from MASTS, a steering group decided to arrange a workshop. In order to straddle our interests, the starting point was the capacity of the North Sea to deliver renewable energy. We wanted to include emerging science and the timing of the review of Scotland’s National Marine Plan provided an excellent context. We sought to deliver a wide range of content but encourage participant conversation. We aimed for a range of speakers delivering 7-minute recorded talks. Talks included findings from funded research, ongoing projects, and some emerging thinking across the science policy interface for marine planning. Marine energy was interpreted in the widest of senses, but the main focus was on offshore wind in UK waters, with particular detail about Scotland.

Sedimentation–upwelling: a model for the science–policy interface in the case of climate change and California water

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
Michael Kiparsky
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
California Water ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Science Policy Interface

This paper sets forth a framework to describe the science–policy interface. The “sedimentation–upwelling model” is a two-part process through which scientific information gradually becomes part of resource managers' and policymakers' agendas. In this paper, sedimentation refers to a gradual process through which scientific information slowly permeates a policymaking body, often slowly and through multiple sources. Upwelling is a process by which policymakers, having become aware of scientific concepts in a general way though sedimentation, independently devise policy actions consistent with the scientific body of knowledge. The framework was tested in the case of climate change science and California water policy through an analysis of historical data and interviews with key players on the science and policy sides of this issue. A remarkably consistent scientific message over the course of fifteen years before 2003 was not followed by corresponding changes in water management, as a “linear model” in which policymakers act directly on scientists recommendations would predict. Instead, both sedimentation and upwelling operated in this case and the importance of the linear pathway was minimal. Viewing science in the context of the upwelling-sedimentation model does not imply that science is ultimately any less influential on policy. On the contrary, this work suggests that policymakers rely on general, widespread cues that come both directly from scientists and through intermediaries and that these cues can influence policy choices in important, but often indirect ways.

scholarly journals Communication on the Science-Policy Interface: An Overview of Conceptual Models

Publications ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Sokolovska ◽  
Benedikt Fecher ◽  
Gert G. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Linear Phase ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Continuous Interaction ◽  
Scholarly Discourse ◽  
Skill Building ◽  
Communicative Relationship

This article focuses on scholarly discourse on the science-policy interface, and in particular on questions regarding how this discourse can be understood in the course of history and which lessons we can learn. We aim to structure the discourse, show kinships of different concepts, and contextualize these concepts. For the twentieth century we identify three major phases that describe interactions on the science policy interface: the “linear phase” (1960s–1970s) when science informed policy-making in a unidirectional manner, the “interactive phase” (1970–2000s) when both sides found themselves in a continuous interaction, and the “embedded phase” (starting from the 2000s) when citizens’ voices come to be involved within this dialogue more explicitly. We show that the communicative relationship between science and policy-making has become more complex over time with an increasing number of actors involved. We argue that better skill-building and education can help to improve communication within the science-policy interface.

From pure science to participatory knowledge production? Researchers’ perceptions on science–policy interface in bioenergy policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna-Riikka Saarela
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Effective Science ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract There is a plea for dialogue and interaction between researchers and policymakers, particularly in relation to burning and complex societal problems. However, day-to-day science–policy interaction remains a challenge. By investigating researchers’ perspectives on challenges and opportunities of evolving interaction between science and policy, this article contributes to the ongoing discussions on workable and effective science–policy interface. The analysis, based on twelve in-depth interviews with experienced forest bioenergy researchers working at different organizations in Finland, shows that researchers appreciate a variety of roles and contributions from pure scientist to participatory knowledge production. Paradoxically, researchers ideologically still adhere to objective and linear knowledge production, which is, however, associated with multiple challenges such as politicization of science, disuse or misuse of scientific knowledge and communication. The article concludes that more nuanced consideration and acknowledgement of science–policy context as well as researchers’ role in it could create mutual benefits for research and policy.

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