Application of precision technologies in geomorphology: analysis of the flash flood occurred in Sant Llorenç des Cardassar, Mallorca, October 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Estrany Bertos ◽  
Maurici Ruíz-Pérez ◽  
Raphael Mutzner ◽  
Beatriz Nácher-Rodríguez ◽  
Miquel Tomàs-Burguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Sediment Deposits ◽  
Karstic Features ◽  
Mallorca Island

<p>A flash-flood event hit in the 9th October 2018 the northeastern part of Mallorca Island, causing 13 casualties. As global change may exacerbate devastating flash floods, comprehensive analyses of catastrophic events are crucial to support effective prevention and mitigation measures. Field-based, remote-sense and modelling techniques were used to evaluate rainfall-runoff processes at catchment scale linked to hydrological modelling. Continuous streamflow monitoring data revealed a peak discharge 442 m<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> with an unprecedented runoff response (lag time, 15’). This very flashy behaviour triggered the natural disaster as a combination of heavy rainfall (246 mm in 10 h), karstic features and land cover disturbances in the Begura de Saumà River catchment (i.e., 23 km<sup>2</sup>). Topography-based connectivity index and geomorphic change detection were used as a rapid post-catastrophe decision-making tool, playing a key role during the rescue searching tasks. These hydrogeomorphological precision techniques were also applied in combination with Copernicus EMS and ground-based damage assessment illustrating with high accuracy the damage driving factors in the village of Sant Llorenç des Cardassar.  The incorporation of hydrogeomorphological precision tools during Emergency post-catastrophe operational has been revealed as a powerful tool. Then, the simple application of a geomorphometric index from easy-access LiDAR-based topographic data resulted in a rapid identification of deposition zones in the different compartments of a catchment helping in the search and rescue of missing persons. In addition, the evaluation of landforms signature by using UAVs effectively quantified the sediment deposits generated by the flash-flood and/or mobilised by the Emergency operational during the rescue searching tasks.</p><p><em>This work was supported by the research project CGL2017-88200-R “Functional hydrological and sediment connectivity at Mediterranean catchments: global change scenarios –MEDhyCON2” funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Spanish Agency of Research (AEI) and the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)</em></p>

scholarly journals Hydrogeomorphological analysis and modelling for a comprehensive understanding of flash-flood damaging processes: The 9th October 2018 event in North-eastern Mallorca

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Estrany ◽  
Maurici Ruiz-Pérez ◽  
Raphael Mutzner ◽  
Josep Fortesa ◽  
Beatriz Nácher-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Karstic Features

Abstract. A flash-flood event hit in the 9th October 2018 the northeastern part of Mallorca Island, causing 13 casualties. This island is prone to catastrophic flash floods acting on a scenario that illustrates the deep landscape transformation of Mediterranean tourist resorts. As global change may exacerbate devastating flash floods, comprehensive analyses of catastrophic events are crucial to support effective prevention and mitigation measures. Field-based, remote-sense and modelling techniques were used in this study to evaluate rainfall-runoff processes at catchment scale linked to hydrological modelling. Continuous streamflow monitoring data revealed a peak discharge 442 m3 s−1 with an unprecedented runoff response (lag time, 15’). This very flashy behaviour triggered the natural disaster as a combination of heavy rainfall (246 mm in 10 h), karstic features and land cover disturbances in the Begura de Saumà River catchment (i.e., 23 km2). Topography-based connectivity index and geomorphic change detection were used as a rapid post-catastrophe decision-making tool, playing a key role during the rescue searching tasks. These hydrogeomorphological precision techniques were also applied in combination with Copernicus EMS and ground-based damage assessment illustrating with high accuracy the damage driving factors in the village of Sant Llorenç des Cardassar. The main challenges in the future are to readapt hydrological modelling to global change scenarios, implement an early flash flood warning system and apply adaptive and resilient measures at catchment scale.

scholarly journals Hydrogeomorphological analysis and modelling for a comprehensive understanding of flash-flood damage processes: the 9 October 2018 event in northeastern Mallorca

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2195-2220
Author(s):  
Joan Estrany ◽  
Maurici Ruiz-Pérez ◽  
Raphael Mutzner ◽  
Josep Fortesa ◽  
Beatriz Nácher-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Effective Prevention

Abstract. A flash-flood event hit the northeastern part of Mallorca on 9 October 2018, causing 13 casualties. Mallorca is prone to catastrophic flash floods acting on a scenario of deep landscape transformation caused by Mediterranean tourist resorts. As global change may exacerbate devastating flash floods, analyses of catastrophic events are crucial to support effective prevention and mitigation measures. Field-based remote-sensing and modelling techniques were used in this study to evaluate rainfall–runoff processes at the catchment scale linked to hydrological modelling. Continuous streamflow monitoring data revealed a peak discharge of 442 m3 s−1 with an unprecedented runoff response. This exceptional behaviour triggered the natural disaster as a combination of heavy rainfall (249 mm in 10 h), karstic features and land cover disturbances in the Begura de Salma River catchment (23 km2). Topography-based connectivity indices and geomorphic change detection were used as rapid post-catastrophe decision-making tools, playing a key role during the rescue search. These hydrogeomorphological precision techniques were combined with the Copernicus Emergency Management Service and “ground-based” damage assessment, which showed very accurately the damage-driving factors in the village of Sant Llorenç des Cardassar. The main challenges in the future are to readapt hydrological modelling to global change scenarios, implement an early flash-flood warning system and take adaptive and resilient measures on the catchment scale.

scholarly journals Characterising phosphorus transfers in rural catchments using a continuous bank-side analyser

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 372-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jordan ◽  
A. Arnscheidt ◽  
H. McGrogan ◽  
S. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Point Sources ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Monitoring Technology ◽  
Transfer Event ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Total Period

Abstract. A six-month series of high-resolution synchronous stream discharge and total phosphorus (TP) concentration data is presented from a 5 km2 agricultural catchment in the Lough Neagh basin, Northern Ireland. The data are hourly averages of 10-minute measurements using a new bankside, automatic, continuous monitoring technology. Three TP transfer "event-types" occur in this catchment: (1) chronic, storm independent transfers; (2) acute, storm dependent transfers; (3) acute, storm independent transfers. Event-type 2 transferred over 90% of the total 279 kg TP load in 39% of the total period; it corresponded to diffuse transfers from agricultural soils. Event-types 1 and 3, however, maintained the river in a highly eutrophic state between storm events and were characteristic of point source pollution, despite there being no major industrial or municipal point sources. Managing P transfers at the catchment scale requires a robust monitoring technology to differentiate between dynamic, multiple sources and associated event types and so enable a reliable assessment of the performance of mitigation measures, monitored at catchment outlets. The synchronous and continuous TP and discharge data series generated in this study demonstrate how this is possible.

scholarly journals A spatial multicriteria prioritizing approach for geo-hydrological risk mitigation planning in small and densely urbanized Mediterranean basins

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Paliaga ◽  
Francesco Faccini ◽  
Fabio Luino ◽  
Laura Turconi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Hazard ◽  
A Priority

Abstract. Landslides and floods, particularly flash floods, occurred recently in many Mediterranean catchments as a consequence of heavy rainfall events, causing damage and sometimes casualties. The high hazard is often associated with high vulnerability deriving from intense urbanization, in particular along the coastline where streams are habitually culverted. The necessary risk mitigation strategies should be applied at the catchment scale with a holistic approach, avoiding spot interventions. In the present work, a high-risk area, hit in the past by several floods and concurrent superficial landslides due to extremely localized and intense rain events, has been studied. A total of 21 small catchments have been identified: only some of them have been hit by extremely damaging past events, but all lie in the intense-rain high-hazard area and are strongly urbanized in the lower coastal zone. The question is what would happen if an intense rain event should strike one of the not previously hit catchments; some situations could be worse or not, so attention has been focused on the comparison among catchments. The aim of the research has been identifying a priority scale among catchments, pointing out the more critical ones and giving a quantitative comparison tool for decision makers to support strong scheduling of long-time planning interventions at the catchment scale. The past events' effects and the geomorphic process analysis together with the field survey allowed us to select three sets of parameters: one describing the morphometric–morphological features related to flood and landslide hazard, another describing the degree of urbanization and of anthropogenic modifications at the catchment scale and the last related to the elements that are exposed to risk. The realized geodatabase allowed us to apply the spatial multicriteria analysis technique (S-MCA) to the descriptive parameters and to obtain a priority scale among the analyzed catchments. The scale can be used to plan risk mitigation interventions starting from the more critical catchments, then focusing economic resources primarily on them and obtaining an effective prevention strategy. The methodology could be useful even to check how the priority scale is modified during the progress of the mitigation work realization. In addition, this approach could be applied in a similar context, even among sub-catchments, after identifying a suitable set of descriptive parameters depending on the active geomorphological processes and the kind of anthropogenic modification. The prioritization would allow to invest economic resources in risk mitigation interventions priory in the more critical catchments.

scholarly journals Extending the Predictability of Hydrometeorological Flood Events Using Radar Rainfall Nowcasting

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique R. Vivoni ◽  
Dara Entekhabi ◽  
Rafael L. Bras ◽  
Valeriy Y. Ivanov ◽  
Matthew P. Van Horne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Forecast Lead Time

Abstract The predictability of hydrometeorological flood events is investigated through the combined use of radar nowcasting and distributed hydrologic modeling. Nowcasting of radar-derived rainfall fields can extend the lead time for issuing flood and flash flood forecasts based on a physically based hydrologic model that explicitly accounts for spatial variations in topography, surface characteristics, and meteorological forcing. Through comparisons to discharge observations at multiple gauges (at the basin outlet and interior points), flood predictability is assessed as a function of forecast lead time, catchment scale, and rainfall spatial variability in a simulated real-time operation. The forecast experiments are carried out at temporal and spatial scales relevant for operational hydrologic forecasting. Two modes for temporal coupling of the radar nowcasting and distributed hydrologic models (interpolation and extended-lead forecasting) are proposed and evaluated for flood events within a set of nested basins in Oklahoma. Comparisons of the radar-based forecasts to persistence show the advantages of utilizing radar nowcasting for predicting near-future rainfall during flood event evolution.

STALKING AND CYBERSTALKING AS A FORM OF VIOLENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Dorota Siemieniecka ◽  
Małgorzata Skibińska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Effective Prevention Strategies ◽  
Consequences Of Violence

Experiencing violence is one of the greatest threats to human freedom and security. Consequences of violence, both physical - such as bruises, cuts, fractures, and even death, as well as mental - aggression, mental health problems, low self-esteem, emotional and cognitive disorders, can be drastic and permanent for the victim. Widespread and easy access to the media increases the risk of experiencing violence and its consequences. It is therefore important to make the public aware of possible types of violence and to conduct research in this area to help specialists in the field of psychology, law, pedagogy and psychotherapy as well as law enforcement agencies and network service providers to create effective prevention strategies. 

scholarly journals Integrated Strategies for the Management of Wadi Flash Floods in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Arid Zones: The ISFF Project

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-34
Author(s):  
Sameh A. Kantoush ◽  
Mohamed Saber ◽  
Mohammed Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Tetsuya Sumi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Rainfall Occurrence ◽  
High Flood

AbstractSustainable management of wadi flash flood (WFF) risks is desperately needed to secure development in wadi systems. Due to rapid flow generation with sudden high flood peaks, spatiotemporal variability of rainfall occurrence, and poorly sited rapid development, most Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have no comprehensive proper protection from WFFs. In arid regions, single mitigation measures, including storage dams, recharge dams, artificial lakes and embankments, are implemented, although soft mitigation measures are not dominant, such as early warning systems. The single management strategy under climate change impacts is not adequate to reduce flash flood risks; an integrated strategy is required. The objective of the international symposium on flash floods (ISFF) project has been to develop scientific understanding of WFFs in wadi systems; monitor, model, and mitigate; issue warnings; and plan urban development by discussing and networking the strategies in the MENA region. To achieve this goal, the project defines priorities for future research challenges and potential projects for WFFs. This chapter provides a state-of-the-art scientific basis in terms of integrated flash flood management. Further, priorities are defined for the main research gaps, and the emerging research methodologies can contribute to guide the management of WFFs in such regions.

scholarly journals Flash flood simulations for an Egyptian city - mitigation measures and impact of infiltration

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Tügel ◽  
Ilhan Özgen-Xian ◽  
Ester Marafini ◽  
Ahmed Hadidi ◽  
Reinhard Hinkelmann
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Flood Simulations

scholarly journals Using multi-model averaging to improve the reliability of catchment scale nitrogen predictions

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 2289-2310
Author(s):  
J.-F. Exbrayat ◽  
N. R. Viney ◽  
H.-G. Frede ◽  
L. Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Ensemble Averaging ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Hydro-biogeochemical models are used to foresee the impact of mitigation measures on water quality. Usually, scenario-based studies rely on single model applications. This is done in spite of the widely acknowledged advantage of ensemble approaches to cope with structural model uncertainty issues. As an attempt to demonstrate the reliability of such multi-model efforts in the hydro-biogeochemical context, this methodological contribution proposes an adaptation of the Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) philosophy to nitrogen losses predictions. A total of 4 models are used to predict the total nitrogen (TN) losses from the well-monitored Ellen Brook catchment in Western Australia. Simulations include re-predictions of current conditions and a set of straightforward management changes targeting fertilization scenarios. Results show that, in spite of good calibration metrics, one of the models provides a very different response to management changes. This behaviour leads the simple average of the ensemble members to also predict reductions in TN export that are not in agreement with the other models. However, considering the convergence of model predictions in the more sophisticated REA approach assigns more weight to previously less well calibrated models that are more in agreement with each other. This method also avoids having to disqualify any of the ensemble members, which is always sensible.

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