Fire-vegetation feedbacks in JULES-INFERNO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantelle Burton ◽  
Richard Betts ◽  
Chris Jones ◽  
Douglas Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Carbon Stores

<p>Fire has an important impact on the terrestrial carbon cycle, affecting the growth and distribution of vegetation, and altering carbon stores in vegetation and soils. This is further complicated by the interaction with people, through land-use change, ignitions and fire management. This work presents the latest results from the recently coupled JULES-INFERNO fire enabled land surface model, and the interaction of fire, dynamic vegetation and varying land use. The results of historical and present-day global simulations are evaluated using observations of burned area and emissions, and through use of tools such as ilamb. The model performs well globally compared to observations, and improves the simulation of vegetation especially in the tropics. The model is also used to address how fire may change under different climate scenarios, including El Niño events, and future simulations of climate change. Results show that burned area increases in some areas with El Niño conditions such as those of 2015/16, especially in South America where a 13% increase in burned area and emitted carbon is simulated. This negatively impacts carbon uptake in this region, and reduces the terrestrial carbon sink.</p>

Impacts of vegetation greenness on the sensitivity of terrestrial ecosystem productivity to flash drought in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Xing Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink

<p>Vegetation greening in the recent three decades significantly alters the carbon and water cycles over China. The response of terrestrial ecosystem productivity to flash droughts could be influenced by vegetation conditions and characteristics of flash droughts. However, it is still unclear that how the sensitivity of vegetation to flash drought varies with increasing leaf area index (LAI) across China. We use a land surface model and multiple satellite LAI products to assess the response of gross primary productivity (GPP) to flash droughts. Evapotranspiration is increased with increasing LAI and soil moisture is correspondingly decreased. Thus, the frequency, duration, and severity of flash droughts are all intensified from a water-budget perspective. The increasing LAI is contributed to the enhanced terrestrial carbon sink through increasing water use efficiency (WUE). The resistance and resilience of GPP to flash drought are also enhanced due to the increased LAI across various climates and vegetation types. These results refine the sensitivity of GPP to flash droughts in greening China and constrain the prognostic models to simulate the response of vegetation to droughts in changing environments.</p>

scholarly journals Interannual variability in Australia's terrestrial carbon cycle constrained by multiple observation types

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6363-6383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy M. Trudinger ◽  
Vanessa Haverd ◽  
Peter R. Briggs ◽  
Josep G. Canadell
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Heterotrophic Respiration ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that semi-arid ecosystems in Australia may be responsible for a significant part of the interannual variability in the global concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Here we use a multiple constraints approach to calibrate a land surface model of Australian terrestrial carbon and water cycles, with a focus on interannual variability. We use observations of carbon and water fluxes at 14 OzFlux sites, as well as data on carbon pools, litterfall and streamflow. We include calibration of the function describing the response of heterotrophic respiration to soil moisture. We also explore the effect on modelled interannual variability of parameter equifinality, whereby multiple combinations of parameters can give an equally acceptable fit to the calibration data. We estimate interannual variability of Australian net ecosystem production (NEP) of 0.12–0.21 PgC yr−1 (1σ) over 1982–2013, with a high anomaly of 0.43–0.67 PgC yr−1 in 2011 relative to this period associated with exceptionally wet conditions following a prolonged drought. The ranges are due to the effect on calculated NEP anomaly of parameter equifinality, with similar contributions from equifinality in parameters associated with net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration. Our range of results due to parameter equifinality demonstrates how errors can be underestimated when a single parameter set is used.

scholarly journals Impacts of land surface model and land use data on WRF model simulations of rainfall and temperature over Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia

Heliyon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. e02469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achenafi Teklay ◽  
Yihun T. Dile ◽  
Dereje H. Asfaw ◽  
Haimanote K. Bayabil ◽  
Kibruyesfa Sisay
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Lake Tana Basin

scholarly journals Role of forest regrowth in global carbon sink dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 4382-4387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. M. Pugh ◽  
Mats Lindeskog ◽  
Benjamin Smith ◽  
Benjamin Poulter ◽  
Almut Arneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Demography

Although the existence of a large carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems is well-established, the drivers of this sink remain uncertain. It has been suggested that perturbations to forest demography caused by past land-use change, management, and natural disturbances may be causing a large component of current carbon uptake. Here we use a global compilation of forest age observations, combined with a terrestrial biosphere model with explicit modeling of forest regrowth, to partition the global forest carbon sink between old-growth and regrowth stands over the period 1981–2010. For 2001–2010 we find a carbon sink of 0.85 (0.66–0.96) Pg year−1located in intact old-growth forest, primarily in the moist tropics and boreal Siberia, and 1.30 (1.03–1.96) Pg year−1located in stands regrowing after past disturbance. Approaching half of the sink in regrowth stands would have occurred from demographic changes alone, in the absence of other environmental changes. These age-constrained results show consistency with those simulated using an ensemble of demographically-enabled terrestrial biosphere models following an independent reconstruction of historical land use and management. We estimate that forests will accumulate an additional 69 (44–131) Pg C in live biomass from changes in demography alone if natural disturbances, wood harvest, and reforestation continue at rates comparable to those during 1981–2010. Our results confirm that it is not possible to understand the current global terrestrial carbon sink without accounting for the sizeable sink due to forest demography. They also imply that a large portion of the current terrestrial carbon sink is strictly transient in nature.

scholarly journals The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 6.0/6.1 and JULES Global Land 6.0/6.1 configurations

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1487-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Walters ◽  
Ian Boutle ◽  
Malcolm Brooks ◽  
Thomas Melvin ◽  
Rachel Stratton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Prediction Systems ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. We describe Global Atmosphere 6.0 and Global Land 6.0 (GA6.0/GL6.0): the latest science configurations of the Met Office Unified Model and JULES (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) land surface model developed for use across all timescales. Global Atmosphere 6.0 includes the ENDGame (Even Newer Dynamics for General atmospheric modelling of the environment) dynamical core, which significantly increases mid-latitude variability improving a known model bias. Alongside developments of the model's physical parametrisations, ENDGame also increases variability in the tropics, which leads to an improved representation of tropical cyclones and other tropical phenomena. Further developments of the atmospheric and land surface parametrisations improve other aspects of model performance, including the forecasting of surface weather phenomena. We also describe GA6.1/GL6.1, which includes a small number of long-standing differences from our main trunk configurations that we continue to require for operational global weather prediction. Since July 2014, GA6.1/GL6.1 has been used by the Met Office for operational global numerical weather prediction, whilst GA6.0/GL6.0 was implemented in its remaining global prediction systems over the following year.

scholarly journals Sub-grid scale representation of vegetation in global land surface schemes: implications for estimation of the terrestrial carbon sink

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 16003-16041 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Melton ◽  
V. K. Arora
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink

Abstract. Terrestrial ecosystem models commonly represent vegetation in terms of plant functional types (PFTs) and use their vegetation attributes in calculations of the energy and water balance and to investigate the terrestrial carbon cycle. To accomplish these tasks, two approaches for PFT spatial representation are widely used: "composite" and "mosaic". The impact of these two approaches on the global carbon balance has been investigated with the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM v 1.2) coupled to the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS v 3.6). In the composite (single-tile) approach, the vegetation attributes of different PFTs present in a grid cell are aggregated and used in calculations to determine the resulting physical environmental conditions (soil moisture, soil temperature, etc.) that are common to all PFTs. In the mosaic (multi-tile) approach, energy and water balance calculations are performed separately for each PFT tile and each tile's physical land surface environmental conditions evolve independently. Pre-industrial equilibrium CLASS-CTEM simulations yield global totals of vegetation biomass, net primary productivity, and soil carbon that compare reasonably well with observation-based estimates and differ by less than 5% between the mosaic and composite configurations. However, on a regional scale the two approaches can differ by > 30%, especially in areas with high heterogeneity in land cover. Simulations over the historical period (1959–2005) show different responses to evolving climate and carbon dioxide concentrations from the two approaches. The cumulative global terrestrial carbon sink estimated over the 1959–2005 period (excluding land use change (LUC) effects) differs by around 5% between the two approaches (96.3 and 101.3 Pg, for the mosaic and composite approaches, respectively) and compares well with the observation-based estimate of 82.2 ± 35 Pg C over the same period. Inclusion of LUC causes the estimates of the terrestrial C sink to differ by 15.2 Pg C (16%) with values of 95.1 and 79.9 Pg C for the mosaic and composite approaches, respectively. Spatial differences in simulated vegetation and soil carbon and the manner in which terrestrial carbon balance evolves in response to LUC, in the two approaches, yields a substantially different estimate of the global land carbon sink. These results demonstrate that the spatial representation of vegetation has an important impact on the model response to changing climate, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and land cover.

scholarly journals MIROC-INTEG-LAND version 1: a global biogeochemical land surface model with human water management, crop growth, and land-use change

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 4713-4747
Author(s):  
Tokuta Yokohata ◽  
Tsuguki Kinoshita ◽  
Gen Sakurai ◽  
Yadu Pokhrel ◽  
Akihiko Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Earth System

Abstract. Future changes in the climate system could have significant impacts on the natural environment and human activities, which in turn affect changes in the climate system. In the interaction between natural and human systems under climate change conditions, land use is one of the elements that play an essential role. On the one hand, future climate change will affect the availability of water and food, which may impact land-use change. On the other hand, human-induced land-use change can affect the climate system through biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects. To investigate these interrelationships, we developed MIROC-INTEG-LAND (MIROC INTEGrated LAND surface model version 1), an integrated model that combines the land surface component of global climate model MIROC (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate) with water resources, crop production, land ecosystem, and land-use models. The most significant feature of MIROC-INTEG-LAND is that the land surface model that describes the processes of the energy and water balance, human water management, and crop growth incorporates a land use decision-making model based on economic activities. In MIROC-INTEG-LAND, spatially detailed information regarding water resources and crop yields is reflected in the prediction of future land-use change, which cannot be considered in the conventional integrated assessment models. In this paper, we introduce the details and interconnections of the submodels of MIROC-INTEG-LAND, compare historical simulations with observations, and identify various interactions between the submodels. By evaluating the historical simulation, we have confirmed that the model reproduces the observed states well. The future simulations indicate that changes in climate have significant impacts on crop yields, land use, and irrigation water demand. The newly developed MIROC-INTEG-LAND could be combined with atmospheric and ocean models to develop an integrated earth system model to simulate the interactions among coupled natural–human earth system components.

scholarly journals The impact of nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the estimated terrestrial carbon balance and warming of land use change over the last 156 yr

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 507-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Zhang ◽  
A. J. Pitman ◽  
Y. P. Wang ◽  
Y. Dai ◽  
P. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We examine the impact of land use and land cover change (LULCC) over the period from 1850 to 2005 using an Earth System Model that incorporates nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the terrestrial carbon cycle. We compare the estimated CO2 emissions and warming from land use change in a carbon only version of the model with those from simulations including nitrogen and phosphorous limitation. If we omit nutrients, our results suggest LULCC cools on the global average by about 0.1 °C. Including nutrients reduces this cooling to ~ 0.05 °C. Our results also suggest LULCC has a major impact on total land carbon over the period 1850–2005. In carbon only simulations, the inclusion of LULCC decreases the total additional land carbon stored in 2005 from around 210 Pg C to 85 Pg C. Including nitrogen and phosphorous limitation also decreases the scale of the terrestrial carbon sink to 80 Pg C. In particular, adding LULCC on top of the nutrient limited simulations changes the sign of the terrestrial carbon flux from a sink to a source (12 Pg C). The CO2 emission from LULCC from 1850 to 2005 is estimated to be 130 Pg C for carbon only simulation, or 97 Pg C if nutrient limitation is accounted for in our model. The difference between these two estimates of CO2 emissions from LULCC largely results from the weaker response of photosynthesis to increased CO2 and smaller carbon pool sizes, and therefore lower carbon loss from plant and wood product carbon pools under nutrient limitation. We suggest that nutrient limitation should be accounted in simulating the effects of LULCC on the past climate and on the past and future carbon budget.

Impact of ozone on the carbon, heat and water fluxes in a land-surface model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Clancy ◽  
William Collins ◽  
Pier Luigi Vidale ◽  
Gerd Folberth
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Ozone Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Cycle ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Quantitative Impact

<p>Carbon uptake by land ecosystems is a hugely important carbon sink for the Earth's climate. Plants uptake carbon dioxide from the atmosphere via pores on the surface of their leaves called stomata. However, ozone can also be taken up by plants in this way leading to damage to the plant, a decrease in its growth rate and an impact on the carbon cycle. Ozone damage to plants also modifies other processes within the ecosystem such as transpiration and respiration rates, thereby effecting the hydrological cycle and energy cycle. The Joint UK Land and Environment Simulator (JULES) land-surface model includes ozone sensitivity parameters for all its vegetation cover (plant functional types). Our recent results from JULES experiments at FLUXNET sites show that ozone reduces photosynthesis and suppresses transpiration, thereby impacting the carbon, heat and water fluxes in JULES. Furthermore, we identify differences in a quantitative impact on leaf phenology.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the estimated terrestrial carbon balance and warming of land use change over the last 156 yr

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Zhang ◽  
A. J. Pitman ◽  
Y. P. Wang ◽  
Y. J. Dai ◽  
P. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We examine the impact of land use and land cover change (LULCC) over the period from 1850 to 2005 using an Earth system model that incorporates nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the terrestrial carbon cycle. We compare the estimated CO2 emissions and warming from land use change in a carbon-only version of the model with those from simulations, including nitrogen and phosphorous limitation. If we omit nutrients, our results suggest LULCC cools on the global average by about 0.1 °C. Including nutrients reduces this cooling to ~ 0.05 °C. Our results also suggest LULCC has a major impact on total land carbon over the period 1850–2005. In carbon-only simulations, the inclusion of LULCC decreases the total additional land carbon stored in 2005 from around 210 Pg C to 85 Pg C. Including nitrogen and phosphorous limitation also decreases the scale of the terrestrial carbon sink to 80 Pg C. Shown as corresponding fluxes, adding LULCC on top of the nutrient-limited simulations changes the sign of the terrestrial carbon flux from a sink to a source (12 Pg C). The CO2 emission from LULCC from 1850 to 2005 is estimated to be 130 Pg C for carbon only simulation, or 97 Pg C if nutrient limitation is accounted for in our model. The difference between these two estimates of CO2 emissions from LULCC largely results from the weaker response of photosynthesis to increased CO2 and smaller carbon pool sizes, and therefore lower carbon loss from plant and wood product carbon pools under nutrient limitation. We suggest that nutrient limitation should be accounted for in simulating the effects of LULCC on the past climate and on the past and future carbon budget.

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