Seismicity in the Northern German basin - from simple model to complex regime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Mokelke ◽  
Manfred Joswig
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Great Range ◽  
Low Snr ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
German Basin

<p>The Nothern German basin was considered aseismic in most of the seismic hazard maps of last century. Then seismic events occurred in the last decades, and were located in the vicinity of gas production. Until now more than 70 earthquakes are documented with magnitudes ranging from ML 1.0 to 4.5. Especially the 2004 Rotenburg ML 4.5 event caused much concern, and first locations of different authors disagreed in depth. Dahm et al (2007) argued for 5 km depth close to the horizons of gas production, and suggested a depletion-induced event. Macroseismic studies and other authors, however, determined focal depths of 8-12 km, clearly below gas production.<br>Within the last 15 years new stations from BGR (Bundesanstalt für Geologie und Rohstoffe) and the BVEG (Bundesverband Erdöl, Erdgas und Geoenergie e.V.) were established in the region between Cloppenburg and Soltau. Our own work is based on a small-scaled, but dense network with arrays and single stations that were installed from 2014 to 2018 in the eastern central part of the gas fields near Rotenburg. Results resolve that seismic activity can occur in a great range of depths down to 30 km, and it is not exclusively focussed on the reservoir horizons. We found strong dependence of depth determinations from parameter settings – notably vP/vS – and station selection. Besides obvious mis-locations of weak, low SNR events based on few phase readings we also traced this dependency back to the 2004 Rotenburg event which at that time was recorded only by a sparse network of remote stations.<br>In summary, the Northern German basin offers a complex regime of weak seismicity, ranging from single low-crust earthquakes to frequent, induced events of gas production. The 2004 Rotenburg event does not fit either category, and geomechanical modelling will be needed to decide on its relation to gas production.</p>

Instability of tangential discontinuities in pinching plasmas

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. TSYBENKO
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Current Pulse ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Plasma Instability ◽  
Tangential Discontinuity ◽  
Instability Increment ◽  
Tangential Discontinuities ◽  
A Current

A new mechanism for the formation of pinching plasma instability related to a tangential discontinuity is discussed. With this in mind we use a simple model of the Davydov–Zakharov class. It appears that there is a strong dependence of the instability increment on current density, resulting from the corresponding dispersion relation. Modulation of a current pulse is shown to be a possible way of stabilizing powerful discharges.

scholarly journals Gas transport at dense phase conditions for the development of deepwater fields in the Colombian Caribbean sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Manuel Cabarcas Simancas ◽  
Angélica María Rada Santiago ◽  
Brandon Humberto Vargas Vera
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dense Phase ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Target Field ◽  
Gas Fields

The purpose of this article is to set out the benefits of using the dense phase gas transport in future projects in the Caribbean Sea and to verify that when operating pipelines at high pressures, more mass per unit of volume is transported, and liquid formation risks are mitigated in hostile environments and low temperatures.This study contains key data about gas production fields in deep and ultra-deep waters around the world, which serve as a basis for research and provide characteristics for each development to be contrasted with the subsea architecture proposed in this paper. Additionally, analogies are established between the target field (Gorgón-1, Kronos-1 and Purple Angel-1) and other offshore gas fields that have similar reservoir properties. Using geographic information systems, the layout of a gas pipeline and a subsea field architecture that starts in the new gas province is proposed.Finally, using a hydraulic simulation tool, the gas transport performance in dense phase is analyzed and compared with the conventional way of transporting gas by underwater pipelines, achieving up to 20 % in cost savings when dense phase is applied.

scholarly journals NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DYNAMICS OF PERMAFROST SOILS IN THE AREAS OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION IN YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS OKRUG

2015 ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Mamaeva ◽  
S. A. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Permafrost Rocks ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Cryogenic Processes ◽  
Nenets Autonomous

A research and comparison of natural and damaged (due to the active development of oil and gas fields) permafrost soils in the Jamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug were carried out. The analysis was run of correlation between an average monthly temperature of air, an average monthly sum of precipitation, the weight humidity and the thickness of the seasonal thawed layer. The conclusions were drawn about a poor resistance of landscapes on the permafrost rocks to the anthropogenic interventions, which in its turn is accompanied by the cryogenic processes and unfavorable influences on the Extreme North biosphere.

Enhanced gas recovery, CO2 storage and implications from the CO2CRC Otway Project

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Peter Cook ◽  
Yildiray Cinar ◽  
Guy Allinson ◽  
Charles Jenkins ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Enhanced Gas Recovery ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Gas Fields

Successful completion of the first stage of the CO2CRC Otway Project demonstrated safe and effective CO2 storage in the Naylor depleted gas field and confirmed our ability to model and monitor subsurface behaviour of CO2. It also provided information of potential relevance to CO2 enhanced gas recovery (EGR) and to opportunities for CO2 storage in depleted gas fields. Given the high CO2 concentration of many gas fields in the region, it is important to consider opportunities for integrating gas production, CO2 storage in depleted gas fields, and CO2-EGR optimisation within a production schedule. The use of CO2-EGR may provide benefits through the recovery of additional gas resources and a financial offset to the cost of geological storage of CO2 from gas processing or other anthropogenic sources, given a future price on carbon. Globally, proven conventional gas reserves are 185 trillion m3 (BP Statistical Review, 2009). Using these figures and Otway results, a replacement efficiency of 60 % (% of pore space available for CO2 storage following gas production) indicates a global potential storage capacity—in already depleted plus reserves—of approximately 750 Gigatonnes of CO2. While much of this may not be accessible for technical or economic reasons, it is equivalent to more than 60 years of total global stationary emissions. This suggests that not only gas—as a lower carbon fuel—but also depleted gas fields, have a major role to play in decreasing CO2 emissions worldwide.

ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF ULTRASONIC TESTING METHODS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF CORROSION MONITORING OF INTERNAL CORROSION AT GAS PRODUCTION FACILITIES IN THE PRESENCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
D. N. Zapevalov ◽  
R. K. Vagapov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Ultrasonic Methods ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Production Facilities

The use of various intrusive and non-intrusive methods of corrosion monitoring makes it possible to assess the corrosion situation and the effectiveness of the applied corrosion protection agents in conditions of internal corrosion at gas production facilities due to the presence of aggressive gases. The analysis of the application of ultrasonic testing methods as part of corrosion monitoring of internal corrosion at gas production facilities in the presence of corrosive components is carried out. Ultrasonic thickness measurement is widely used as a non-intrusive method for monitoring internal corrosion and detecting corrosion defects in promising gas fields. Many gas fields (Bovanenkovskoye oil and gas condensate field, Urengoy oil and gas field and others) revealed corrosion defects due to cases of internal corrosion due to the presence of increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the produced hydrocarbons. Under conditions of corrosion in the presence of carbon dioxide, ultrasonic methods for measuring the thickness of a metal have certain limitations associated with the unpredictable local nature of carbon dioxide corrosion, which should be considered when used in gas facilities. The main method for measuring thickness under operational conditions is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which is used in conjunction with radiographic monitoring. Using these two main non-intrusive methods, corrosion monitoring monitors the thinning of the metal, the size and depth of local defects and the dynamics of their change over time. Based on the results of measuring the residual wall thickness of the pipe and equipment, the possibility of their further work is determined, and recommendations are made on extending the safe life of gas facilities. The authors analyzed the literature data on new options and technical solutions for the use of ultrasonic methods in the measurement of the thickness of a metal surface.

Well Completion for Effective Deliquification of Natural Gas Wells

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Yilin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Liquid Loading ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Reservoir Permeability ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Gas Lift

Liquid loading has been a problem in natural gas wells for several decades. With gas fields becoming mature and gas production rates dropping below the critical rate, deliquification becomes more and more critical for continuous productivity and profitability of gas wells. Current methods for solving liquid loading in the wellbore include plunger lift, velocity string, surfactant, foam, well cycling, pumps, compression, swabbing, and gas lift. All these methods are to optimize the lifting of liquid up to surface, which increases the operating cost, onshore, and offshore. However, the near-wellbore liquid loading is critical but not well understood. Through numerical reservoir simulation studies, effect of liquid loading on gas productivity and recovery has been quantified in two aspects: backup pressure and near-wellbore liquid blocking by considering variable reservoir permeability, reservoir pressure, formation thickness, liquid production rate, and geology. Based on the new knowledge, we have developed well completion methods for effective deliquifications. These lead to better field operations and increased ultimate gas recovery.

Zohr brings Egypt closer to energy self-sufficiency

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Egyptian Government ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Significance The Zohr field is one of the largest gas fields discovered in Egyptian waters. The launch of production heralds a major new supply of gas for the country as it faces a sharp decline in most of its existing gas fields. Impacts State-owned EGAS will buy Zohr-produced gas, adding to pressure on the government’s outstanding debts to international operators. The discovery of Zohr and its rapid development will increase interest in upstream opportunities from international oil and gas companies. The start of Zohr gas production will put on hold any consideration by the Egyptian government of gas imports from Israel and Cyprus.

scholarly journals Multiple-criteria decision analysis for cross-country gas pipelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 03010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Sukharev ◽  
Ruslan Popov ◽  
Anton Balchenko
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Optimization Task ◽  
Gas Pumping ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Planning Problems ◽  
Gas Supply

The paper considers the shortand medium-term planning problems of the regimes of multi-line technical gas pipeline corridors (MLGP) of Russian gas supply system. The fall in gas production due to the depletion of the gas fields leads to a decrease in the load of some operating MLGPs. At the same time, there is a redundancy of production capacities at compressor stations (CS). It becomes possible to use various technological schemes for incorporating CS with lines "pass by" in order to reduce the cost of gas pumping. The solution of the optimization task for the search for MLGP regimes in a one-criterion (minimum of the energy cost) formulation leads to frequent equipment switching. That is unacceptable. Therefore, it is advisable to proceed to multi-criteria statements, formalizing and introducing as criteria the requirements for the stability of technological schemes for switching on equipment, which are usually respected by the dispatch services. The purpose of this article is the development and testing of mathematical models and a computer program to support the adoption of dispatch solutions for managing modes of large MLGPs under conditions of incomplete loading. The solution method is demonstrated by the example of a three-line MLGP. The choice of optimal control is carried out using dynamic programming methods. In order to improve the quality of the choice of control actions, an algorithm is suggested that takes into account the stochastic nature of the loading of the MLGP.

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