Assessment of the performance of Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for a small agricultural catchment in Austria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Kilundu Musyoka ◽  
Andreas Klik ◽  
Peter Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

<p>Hydrological models enable comprehensive examination, understanding and quantification of hydrological processes in catchments under the influence of different characteristics. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has the ability to predict the impact of land management practices on water, sediment and agricultural chemical yield in such catchments.</p><p>The objective of this study is to apply the SWAT model on a small agricultural watershed, calibrate and validate it with measured flow, sediment and crop yield data. The model is set up for the HOAL catchment in Petzenkirchen, Lower Austria. The catchment has an area of 66 hectares. The climate is humid with mean annual temperatures of around 10°C, and annual precipitation of around 800 mm. Soils include Cambisols and Planosols with medium to poor infiltration capacities. Gleysols occur close to the stream. At present, 87% of the catchment area is arable land, 5% is used as pasture, 6% is forested and 2% is paved. The agricultural activities mainly involve wheat based crop rotation including winter wheat, winter barley, sweet and silage corn and canola. The catchment is divided into 37 fields and for each field exact information about tillage date and type of implement used, date of planting and harvest, date and amount of fertilization and plant protection are available. This information is incorporated in the model during set up. The procedures of model set up, sensitivity analysis, calibration and validation are outlined. A Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) procedure within SWAT-CUP is used to auto-calibrate and validate the model. The model calibration (2012-2014) and validation (2015-2017) is based on the observed daily discharge and daily sediment concentration at the watershed outlet. Event based observations of runoff and sediment yield from two sub-watersheds are available as well as measured soil water contents at 30 points and crop yield data from different fields. Stream flow and sediment calibration are performed at the watershed outlet as well as at sub watershed level. Results of the SWAT model capability to predict flow, sediment and crop yield as well as soil water contents in the small watersheds will be presented.</p>

scholarly journals Application of the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in the Ronnea catchment of Sweden

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Daily Step ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

The subject of this article is the estimation of quantitative (hydrological) and qualitative parameters in the catchment of Ronnea (1800 Km2, located in south western Sweden) through the application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). SWAT is a river basin model that was developed for the U.S.D.A. Agricultural Research Service, by the Blackland Research Center in Texas. The SWAT model is a widely known tool that has been used in several cases world-wide. It has the ability to predict the impact of land management practices on water, sediment and agricultural chemical yield in large complex watersheds. The present work investigates certain capabilities of the SWAT model which have not identified up to now. More in specific, the main targets of the work carried out are the following: • Identification of the existing hydrological and qualitative conditions • Preparation - Processing of data required to be used as input data of the model • Hydrological calibration - validation of the model, in 7 subbasins of the Catchment of Ronnea • Estimation and evaluation of the simulated qualitative parameters of the model All available data were offered by the relevant Institutes of Sweden, in the framework of the European program EUROHARP. The existing conditions in the catchment of Ronnea, are described in detail including topography, land uses, soil types, pollution sources, agricultural management practices, precipitation, temperature, wind speed, humidity, solar radiation as well as observed discharges and Nitrogen and Phosphorus substances concentrations. Most of the above data were used as input data for the application of SWAT model. Adequate methods were also used to complete missing values in time series and estimate additional parameters (such as soil parameters) required by the model. Hydrological calibration and validation took place for each outlet of the 7 subbasins of Ronnea catchment in an annual, monthly and daily step. The calibration was achieved by estimating parameters related to ground water movement and evaluating convergence between simulated and observed discharges by using mainly the Nash & Sutcliffe coefficient (NTD). Through the sensitivity analysis, main parameters of the hydrological simulation, were detected. According to the outputs of the SWAT model, the water balance of Ronnea catchment was also estimated. Hydrological calibration and validation is generally considered sufficient in an annual and monthly step. Hydrological calibration – validation in daily step, generally does not lead to high values of the NTD indicator. However, when compared to results obtained by the use of SWAT in Greece, a relatively high value of NTD is achieved in one subbasin. Finally, a comparison between the simulated and observed concentrations of total Phosphorus and Nitrogen was carried out.

scholarly journals An empirical model for describing the influence of water content and concentration of sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) in soil on the total net CO2 efflux

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Miroslav Fér ◽  
Radka Kodešová ◽  
Barbora Kalkušová ◽  
Aleš Klement ◽  
Antonín Nikodem
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the impact of the soil water content and sulfamethoxazole, SUL, (antibiotic) concentration in soil on the net CO2 efflux. Soil samples were taken from topsoils of a Haplic Fluvisol and Haplic Chernozem. Soil samples were packed into the steel cylinders. The net CO2 efflux was measured from these soil columns after application of fresh water or SUL solution at different soil water contents. The experiments were carried out in dark at 20°C. The trends in the net CO2 efflux varied for different treatments. While initially high values for water treatment exponentially decreased in time, values for solution treatment increased during the first 250–650 minutes and then decreased. The total net CO2 effluxes measured for 20 hours related to the soil water content followed the second order polynomial functions. The maximal values were measured for the soil water content of 0.15 cm3 cm−3 (Haplic Fluvisol with water or solution, Haplic Chernozem with solution) and 0.11 cm3 cm−3 (Haplic Chernozem with water). The ratios between values measured for solution and water at the same soil water contents exponentially increased with increasing SUL concentration in soils. This proved the increasing stimulative influence of SUL on soil microbial activity.

scholarly journals Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to Simulate the Pesticide Dynamics in the Data Scarce Guayas River Basin, Ecuador

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Cambien ◽  
Sacha Gobeyn ◽  
Indira Nolivos ◽  
Marie Anne Eurie Forio ◽  
Mijail Arias-Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

Agricultural intensification has stimulated the economy in the Guayas River basin in Ecuador, but also affected several ecosystems. The increased use of pesticides poses a serious threat to the freshwater ecosystem, which urgently calls for an improved knowledge about the impact of pesticide practices in this study area. Several studies have shown that models can be appropriate tools to simulate pesticide dynamics in order to obtain this knowledge. This study tested the suitability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate the dynamics of two different pesticides in the data scarce Guayas River basin. First, we set up, calibrated and validated the model using the streamflow data. Subsequently, we set up the model for the simulation of the selected pesticides (i.e., pendimethalin and fenpropimorph). While the hydrology was represented soundly by the model considering the data scare conditions, the simulation of the pesticides should be taken with care due to uncertainties behind essential drivers, e.g., application rates. Among the insights obtained from the pesticide simulations are the identification of critical zones for prioritisation, the dominant areas of pesticide sources and the impact of the different land uses. SWAT has been evaluated to be a suitable tool to investigate the impact of pesticide use under data scarcity in the Guayas River basin. The strengths of SWAT are its semi-distributed structure, availability of extensive online documentation, internal pesticide databases and user support while the limitations are high data requirements, time-intensive model development and challenging streamflow calibration. The results can also be helpful to design future water quality monitoring strategies. However, for future studies, we highly recommend extended monitoring of pesticide concentrations and sediment loads. Moreover, to substantially improve the model performance, the availability of better input data is needed such as higher resolution soil maps, more accurate pesticide application rate and actual land management programs. Provided that key suggestions for further improvement are considered, the model is valuable for applications in river ecosystem management of the Guayas River basin.

STREAMFLOW SIMULATION: COMPARISON BETWEEN SOIL WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Shehu Usman Haruna ◽  
Aliyu Kasim Abba ◽  
Rabi'u Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Soil Water Assessment Tool ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Streamflow Simulation

The present study compared the performance of two different models for streamflow simulation namely: Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). During the calibration periods, the Nash-Sutcliff (NS) and Coefficient of Determination (R2) for SWAT was 0.74 and 0.81 respectively, whereas for ANN, it was 0.99 and 0.85 respectively. The ANN performs better during the validation period as the result revealed with NS and R2 having 0.98 and 0.89 respectively, while for the SWAT model it was 0.71 and 0.74 respectively. Based on the recommended comparison of graphical and statistical evaluation performances of both models, the ANN model performed better in estimating peak flow events than the SWAT model in the Upper Betwa Basin. Furthermore, the rigorous time required and expertise for calibration of the SWAT is much less as compared with the ANN. Moreover, the results obtained from both models demonstrate the performances of the

scholarly journals Sediment predictions in Wadi Al-Naft using soil water assessment tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 03008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imzahim Abdulkareem Alwan ◽  
Ibtisam Karim ◽  
Mahmood Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
North East ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Water Assessment Tool ◽  
Water Assessment

Sediment production is the amount of sediment in the unit area that is transported through the basin by water transfer over a specified period of time. The main aim of present study is to predict sediment yield of Wadi, Al-Naft watershed with 8820 Km2area, that is located in the North-East of Diyala Governorate in Iraq, using Soil-Water Assessment Tool, (SWAT) and to predict the impact of land management and the input data including the land use, soil type, and soil texture maps which are obtained from Landsat-8 satellite image. Digital Elevation Model,(DEM) with resolution (14 14) meter is used to delineate the watershed with the aid of model. Three Land-sat images were used to cover the study area which were mosaic processed and the study area masked- up from the mosaic, image. The area of study has been registries by Arc-GIS 10.2 and digitized the soil hydrologic group through assistant of Soil Plant Assistant Water Model, (SPAW) which was progressed by USDA, Agricultural, Research Service, using the data of soil textural and organic matter from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the available water content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and bulk density. The results of average, sediment depth and the maximum upland sediment for simulation period (2010-2020) were predicted to be (1.7 mm), and (12.57 Mg/ha), respectively.

scholarly journals Impacts of grass removal on wetting and actual water repellency in a sandy soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas Oostindie ◽  
Louis W. Dekker ◽  
Jan G. Wesseling ◽  
Violette Geissen ◽  
Coen J. Ritsema
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Abstract Soil water content and actual water repellency were assessed for soil profiles at two sites in a bare and grasscovered plot of a sand pasture, to investigate the impact of the grass removal on both properties. The soil of the plots was sampled six times in vertical transects to a depth of 33 cm between 23 May and 7 October 2002. On each sampling date the soil water contents were measured and the persistence of actual water repellency was determined of field-moist samples. Considerably higher soil water contents were found in the bare versus the grass-covered plots. These alterations are caused by differences between evaporation and transpiration rates across the plots. Noteworthy are the often excessive differences in soil water content at depths of 10 to 30 cm between the bare and grass-covered plots. These differences are a consequence of water uptake by the roots in the grass-covered plots. The water storage in the upper 19 cm of the bare soil was at least two times greater than in the grass-covered soil during dry periods. A major part of the soil profile in the grass-covered plots exhibited extreme water repellency to a depth of 19 cm on all sampling dates, while the soil profile of the bare plots was completely wettable on eight of the twelve sampling dates. Significant differences in persistence of actual water repellency were found between the grass-covered and bare plots.

scholarly journals Avaliação de Impactos de Mudanças no Uso e Manejo do Solo Sobre as Vazões da Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão José Pereira, Utilizando o Modelo Swat.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Filipe Otávio Passos ◽  
Benedito Cláudio Da Silva ◽  
Fernando Das Graças Braga da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

Diversos processos naturais podem causar mudanças nos fluxos hidrológicos dentro de bacias hidrográficas, sendo estas ainda mais afetadas devido a ações antrópicas que mudem as suas características físicas, principalmente, o tipo e o uso do solo. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta uma calibração de um modelo de transformação chuva x vazão e posterior simulação para a estimativa das vazões na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão José Pereira, em Itajubá, sul de Minas Gerais, utilizando o modelo distribuído Soil and Water Assessment Tool (Swat). Foram gerados cinco cenários de uso e ocupação do solo, que foram idealizados a partir de características observadas na bacia ou de tendências futuras de ocupação, a saber, o cenário do estado atual, de manejo do solo, de recuperação das áreas de preservação permanente (APPs) de margens de rios, de substituição total por floresta e de crescimento urbano. Os resultados indicam que o modelo Swat pode ser utilizado na simulação das componentes hidrológicas de bacias hidrográficas de pequeno porte, e ainda que o manejo agrícola e o reflorestamento da bacia são mais eficientes na diminuição do escoamento superficial do que a recuperação das APPs, chegando a uma diminuição de aproximadamente 40% nas vazões máximas simuladas. Impact Assessment of Changes in Land Use and Management on the Losses of the Water Source of the José Pereira Stream, Using the SWAT Model A B S T R A C TSeveral natural processes can cause changes in hydrological flows within hydrographic basins, which are even more affected due to anthropic actions that change their physical characteristics, mainly, the type and use of the soil. In this context, this work carries out an analysis of the impact on the flows of a small-scale hydrographic basin (River José Pereira) due to changes in land use and occupation, using the distributed model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Five land use and occupation scenarios were generated, which were designed based on characteristics observed in the basin or future occupation trends, namely, the current state scenario, soil management, recovery of permanent preservation areas (APPs) of river banks, total replacement by forest and urban growth. The results indicate that the SWAT model can be used in the simulation of the hydrological components of small hydrographic basins, and that agricultural management and reforestation of the basin are more efficient in reducing runoff than the recovery of APPs, reaching a decrease of approximately 40% in the maximum simulated flows.Keywords: hydrological modeling, rainfall, SWAT, land use and occupation.

scholarly journals Sub-Daily Simulation of Mountain Flood Processes Based on the Modified Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchao Duan ◽  
Fanhao Meng ◽  
Tie Liu ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Min Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Accumulated Temperature ◽  
Soil Water Assessment Tool ◽  
Water Assessment

Floods not only provide a large amount of water resources, but they also cause serious disasters. Although there have been numerous hydrological studies on flood processes, most of these investigations were based on rainfall-type floods in plain areas. Few studies have examined high temporal resolution snowmelt floods in high-altitude mountainous areas. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is a typical semi-distributed, hydrological model widely used in runoff and water quality simulations. The degree-day factor method used in SWAT utilizes only the average daily temperature as the criterion of snow melting and ignores the influence of accumulated temperature. Therefore, the influence of accumulated temperature on snowmelt was added by increasing the discriminating conditions of rain and snow, making that more suitable for the simulation of snowmelt processes in high-altitude mountainous areas. On the basis of the daily scale, the simulation of the flood process was modeled on an hourly scale. This research compared the results before and after the modification and revealed that the peak error decreased by 77% and the time error was reduced from ±11 h to ±1 h. This study provides an important reference for flood simulation and forecasting in mountainous areas.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DE SENSIBILIDADE DE PARÂMETROS HIDROLÓGICOS NA BACIA DO RIO DAS PEDRAS - GUARAPUAVA-PR

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1746
Author(s):  
Rafael Adriano de Castro Adriano de Castro ◽  
Elias Machado
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Land Use And Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

O modelo Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) é amplamente utilizado para predizer o impacto das alterações no uso e no manejo do solo, entre outros, é extremamente sensível à qualidade dos dados de entrada.  Assim, antes da simulação é necessário que se realize uma análise de sensibilidade de tal forma que se possa dar ênfase maior à aquisição e refinamento de determinados dados, diminuir as incertezas e aumentar a confiança nos resultados gerados. Os resultados simulados na bacia do Rio das Pedras – Guarapuava, foram realizadas a análise de sensibilidade e a calibração do modelo SWAT. Após a calibração do modelo os resultados do Índice de Nash & Sutcliffe alterado (COE), do percentual de tendência (PBIAS), e o coeficiente de determinação (R²) foram, respectivamente, 0,69, -0,5 e 0,7, indicando bom ajuste entre a vazão média mensal da bacia Rio das Pedras simulada pelo modelo SWAT em relação aos dados observados.  Sensitivity analysis of hydrological parameters in the Rio das Pedras basin - Guarapuava-PR A B S T R A C TThe SWAT model is widely used to predict the impact of changes in land use and management, among others, is extremely sensitive to the quality of input data. Thus, prior to the simulation, it is necessary to perform a sensitivity analysis in such a way that greater emphasis can be placed on the acquisition and refinement of certain data, decrease uncertainties and increase confidence in the results generated. The simulated results in the Rio das Pedras - Guarapuava basin, were performed the sensitivity analysis and calibration of the SWAT model. After the calibration of the model, the results of the modified Nash & Sutcliffe Index (COE), percentage of trend (PBIAS), and coefficient of determination (R²) were, respectively, 0.69, -0.5 and 0.7, Indicating a good fit between the average monthly flow of the Rio das Pedras basin simulated by the SWAT model in relation to the observed data. 

scholarly journals Impact of Change in Land Use Land Cover on Water Resources in Gundlakamma Sub Basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
N. Hari ◽  
A. Mani ◽  
H. V. Hema Kumar ◽  
V. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
L. Edukondalu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Good Agreement

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of land use cover change on water resources availability in Gundlakamma Subbasin. The Gundlakamma subbasin is predominantly agricultural based and Gundlakamma is a seasonal river. Hence, a study has been conducted to simulate the availability of water resources in the subbasin using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. The database was generated like DEM, soil map and land use/cover using the secondary data and field survey. The SWAT model was calibrated three years (2010-2012) and validated with four years (2013-2016) with the observed discharges from reservoir outflow. The values of NSE and R2 was found as 0.79 and 0.87 during calibration, 0.65 and 0.72, respectively during validation. The modelled values showed reasonably good agreement with the observed values of reservoir outflow, both during calibration and validation periods. The reservoir outflow in the subbasin was quantified under the change land use conditions.

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