Particulate, mineral fraction and water extractable organic carbon in the soil and in the sediments transported by runoff

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Concepción Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Water Extractable Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Extractable

<p>Erosion is the most widespread process that cause land degradation. It produces changes in soil properties and contribute to the depletion of organic matter content as well as to the loss of nutrients. The changes have an additional effect on the infiltration and on water retention capacity, which all together influence crop productivity. Water erosion occurs due to natural forces rainfall. But in areas with Mediterranean climate, most of erosion losses occur in a reduced number of events of high intensity. In this research, the effect of high intensity rainfalls on soil carbon mobilization was analysed in a vineyard, which is maintained with scarce soil cover most of the year. The research was carried out under simulated rainfall in a commercial vineyard located in Raimat, Costers del Segre Denomination of Origin, Lleida, NE Spain). The soil type in the analysed plot is classified as Haploxeralf fluventic located in a gentle slope (about 5%). Soil samples from 0-2 cm were collected in two locations in the field, before the rainfall simulation for texture characterization and chemical analysis. Plots 1m length*0.5 m width were delimited in the field at each location and subjected to simulated rainfall using a rainfall simulator consisted, which had a dropper system placed 2.5 m above the ground. The rainfall intensity was fixed for the experiment in 60 mm/h. The simulations were done in triplicate. Runoff was collected every 10 minutes during 1h and the sediment transported by runoff was separated and weighted after dried. Total organic carbon (TOC) was analysed in the soil before and after the simulation. In addition, in the original soil and in the sediments recorded in each simulation, the particulate organic carbon (POC) and the mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) (Cambardella and Elliott, 1992), as well as the water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) (Gigliotti et al., 2002) were analysed. The soils had 50.2 and 49.5% of silt, 25.5 and 23.2% of clay and 24.3 and 27.3% of sand, respectively. Runoff started between 4.5 and 7 min after the beginning of the simulations, and runoff rates were of about 50% after the first 20 minutes of rainfall. Sediment concentration in runoff ranged between 13 and 18 gL<sup>-1</sup> in the three simulations. The TOC in the original soils were 14.09±0.67 gkg<sup>-1 </sup>and 13.56±0.8 gkg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, while after the simulation the TOC was near 10% lower. In the sediments, TOC were 12.29±1.13 gkg<sup>-1</sup> and 12.84±1.19 gkg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively in both soils. The POC and the MOC represented 24.7% and 75.3% of TOC in the original soil, and no significant changes were observed in the sediment transported by runoff (values ranging between 25.90 to 28.47 % for POC and between 71.5 and 74.1% for MOC). However, the WEOC fractions were higher in the sediment (7.7 and 7.5%) than in the original soil (5.26%).</p><p>References</p><p>Cambardella CA, Elliott ET. 1992. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56,777-783.</p><p>Gigliotti G, Kaiser K, Guggenberger G, Haumaier L. 2002. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 36,321-329.</p>

scholarly journals Impacts of vinasse and methods of sugarcane harvesting on the availability of K and carbon stock of an Argisol

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudinei Alberto Cardin ◽  
Carlos Henrique dos Santos ◽  
Marcos Antonio Escarmínio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock

ABSTRACT Soils of tropical regions are more weathered and in need of conservation managements to maintain and improve the quality of its components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability of K, the organic matter content and the stock of total carbon of an Argisol after vinasse application and manual and mechanized harvesting of burnt and raw sugarcane, in western São Paulo.The data collection was done in the 2012/2013 harvest, in a bioenergy company in Presidente Prudente/SP. The research was arranged out following a split-plot scheme in a 5x5 factorial design, characterized by four management systems: without vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest after burning; without vinasse application and harvest after burning; plus native forest, and five soil sampling depths (0-10 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm), with four replications. In each treatment, the K content in the soil and accumulated in the remaining dry biomass in the area, the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and soil carbon stock were determined. The mean values were compared by Tukey test. The vinasse application associated with the harvest without burning increased the K content in soil layers up to 40 cm deep. The managements without vinasse application and manual harvest after burning, and without vinasse application with mechanical harvesting without burning did not increase the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and stock of total soil organic carbon, while the vinasse application and harvest after burning and without burning increased the levels of these attributes in the depth of 0-10 cm.

Constant current chronopotentiometric stripping characterisation of organic matter in seawater from the northern Adriatic, Croatia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slađana Strmečki ◽  
Jelena Dautović ◽  
Marta Plavšić
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Po River ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Catalytically Active

Environmental context We determined seasonal changes in the organic matter content of the northern Adriatic with newly applied electrochemical techniques able to measure catalytically active organics. The inflow of the Po River and its nutrient load are responsible for the observed changes in the type and concentrations of organic matter in the area. Abstract Catalytically active polysaccharides (Cat PSs) and nitrogen-containing polymeric organic material (N-POM) were determined in seawater from the northern Adriatic station ST101. Catalytically active organics were measured by applying electrochemical methods of adsorptive transfer chronopotentiometric stripping with medium exchange and chronopotentiometric stripping in unmodified seawater. Their concentrations were expressed in milligrams per cubic decimetre–3--> of equivalents of the model calibrating substances, polysaccharide xanthan and protein human serum albumin. The optimal electroanalytical conditions for determination of Cat PSs in seawater were evaluated and defined. Seasonal changes of Cat PSs and N-POM were observed during the period 2011–2013. The highest values were determined in the spring–summer period and the lowest in winter. Cat PSs and N-POM were present in both the dissolved and particulate organic carbon fractions. Cat PSs and N-POM showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the concentrations of surface-active substances. A weak but statistically significant correlation was found between Cat PSs and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Copper complexing capacities in the period 2011–2013 were in the range of 41–130nmoldm–3.

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon and Labile Carbon Pools Attributed by Tillage, Crop Residue and Crop Rotation Management in Sweet Sorghum Cropping System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9782
Author(s):  
Mashapa Elvis Malobane ◽  
Adornis Dakarai Nciizah ◽  
Fhatuwani Nixwell Mudau ◽  
Isaiah Iguna Chabaari Wakindiki
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Water Extractable Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Residue Retention

Labile organic carbon (LOC) fractions are considered as sensitive indicators of change in soil quality and can serve as proxies for soil organic carbon (SOC). Although the impact of tillage, crop rotation and crop residue management on soil quality is well known, less is known about LOC and SOC dynamics in the sweet sorghum production systems in South Africa. This short-term study tested two tillage levels: no-till and conventional-tillage, two crop rotations: sweet-sorghum/winter grazing vetch/sweet sorghum and sweet-sorghum/winter fallow/sweet sorghum rotations and three crop residue retention levels: 30%, 15% and 0%. Tillage was the main factor to influence SOC and LOC fractions under the sweet sorghum cropping system in South Africa. NT increased SOC and all LOC fractions compared to CT, which concurs with previous findings. Cold water extractable organic carbon (CWEOC) and hot water extractable organic carbon (HWEOC) were found to be more sensitive to tillage and strongly positively correlated to SOC. An increase in residue retention led to an increase in microbial biomass carbon (MBC). This study concludes that CWEOC and HWEOC can serve as sensitive early indicators of change in soil quality and are an ideal proxy for SOC in the sweet-sorghum cropping system in South Africa.

Change in water extractable organic carbon and microbial PLFAs of biochar during incubation with an acidic paddy soil

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Stephen Joseph ◽  
Chun-Yu Jiang ◽  
Meng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Uv Absorbance ◽  
Water Extractable Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Plfas ◽  
Water Extractable

Biochar has been considered to affect the transformation of soil organic carbon, soil microbial activity and diversity when applied to soil. However, the changes in chemical and biological properties of biochar itself in soil have not been fully determined. In this study, various biochar samples were obtained from three crop straws (rice, peanut and corn) and two wood chips (bamboo and pine), and incubated with an acidic paddy soil. We examined the changes of biochar water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) content and its ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 280 nm during incubation period, and also investigated the microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profile of biochar after 75 days of incubation. The WEOC content of biochars decreased at the end of incubation, except for the biochar pyrolysed from bamboo chips at 400°C. An average reduction rate of 61.2% in WEOC concentration for straw biochars occurred within the first 15 days, while no significant change was observed for all biochars between day 15 and 45, and a slight increase in WEOC occurred for all biochars in the last 30 days. There was a positive relationship between biochar WEOC content and its UV absorbance properties. The microbial PLFAs concentrations of biochars varied from 15.56 to 60.35 nmol g–1, and there was a greater abundance in content and species for corn straw biochars than for the other types of biochars. General bacteria were the dominant microbial group that colonised biochar sample, while gram-positive bacterial and fungi were less in abundance. The chemical properties of fresh biochar were well correlated with total PLFAs concentrations, and significantly related to the composition of microbial community. We concluded that the WEOC component of most biochars change within such short-term application to soil, and the WEOC in combined with the pH and nutrient status of biochar, can alter the type and abundance of microorganisms that colonised biochar.

Relationship between soil composition and retention capacity of terbumeton onto chalky soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achouak El Arfaoui ◽  
Stéphanie Sayen ◽  
Eric Marceau ◽  
Lorenzo Stievano ◽  
Emmanuel Guillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Components

Environmental context. The wide use of pesticides for pest and weed control contributes to their presence in underground and surface waters, which has led to a continuously growing interest in their environmental fate. Soils play a key role in the transfer of these compounds from the sprayer to the water as a result of their capacity to retain pesticides depending on the soil components. The knowledge of soil composition should enable one to predict pesticide behaviour in the environment. Abstract. Eight calcareous soils of Champagne vineyards (France) were studied to investigate the adsorption of the herbicide terbumeton (TER). A preliminary characterisation of the soil samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental and textural analyses, revealed a wide range of soil properties for the selected samples. The adsorption isotherms of TER were plotted for all samples. The determination of soil properties, which significantly correlated with the Kd distribution coefficient, allowed identification of organic matter and CaCO3 as the two main soil components that govern the retention of the herbicide. Organic matter was the predominant phase involved in the retention but its role was limited by the presence of calcite. Finally, the ratio of CaCO3 content to organic matter content was proposed as a useful parameter to predict the adsorption of terbumeton in chalky soils. The evolution of Kd as a function of this ratio was successfully described using an empirical model.

scholarly journals Short-term legacy effects of feedlot manure amendments on water-extractable organic carbon in a clay loam soil profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Miller ◽  
M.L. Owen ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
C.F. Drury ◽  
D.S. Chanasyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Water Extractable Organic Carbon ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Water Extractable

Limited research exists on legacy effects of land application of feedlot manure on accumulation, redistribution, and leaching potential of water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) in soil profiles. We sampled a clay loam soil at six depths (0–1.50 m) 2 yr after the last application (2014) of 17 continuous annual manure applications (since 1998). The amendment treatments were stockpiled (SM) or composted (CM) feedlot manure containing straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding at three application rates (13, 39, and 77 Mg ha−1dry basis). There was also an unamended control (CON) and inorganic fertilizer (IN) treatment. The soil samples were analyzed for concentrations of WEOC. The total mass or accumulation of WEOC in the soil profile was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by 1.2–3.3 times for the CM-ST-77 treatment than 12 of 14 other treatments, and it was significantly greater for amended than CON or IN treatments. The total WEOC mass was 14%–20% greater for CM-ST than CM-WD, SM-ST, and SM-WD treatments, and it was 16%–22% greater for CM than SM at the 39 and 77 Mg ha−1rates. The 77 Mg ha−1rate of the four manure type-bedding treatments had the significantly greatest (by 37%–527%) concentrations of WEOC at the six depths compared with other treatments, suggesting greater redistribution and leaching potential. Significant manure effects occurred on soil WEOC 2 yr after the manure was last applied following 17 continuous applications, and it indicated an increased risk of leaching potential at the higher application rate.

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