Earthquake-induced site effect in the oil field deposit of Absheron peninsula (Azerbaijan)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulam Babayev ◽  
Fakhraddin Kadirov (Gadirov)
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Seismic Effect ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Soil Amplification ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Scenario Earthquake ◽  
Design Earthquake

<p>Absheron peninsula (Azerbaijan) area was hit by the strong Caspian earthquakes on November 25, 2000 with Mw6.1 and 6.2 magnitudes. The seismic networks successfully recorded the foreshock, main shock and many aftershocks at respective locations. By using probabilistic analysis, magnitude of design earthquake for the current study in the oilfield was taken as 6.3. From this concept design (scenario) earthquake, accelerations were estimated for the distance of 35 km. In the second phase of the study, soil amplification factors and site characteristics data from boreholes were determined and estimated. In the next phase, the study uses synthesized accelerograms formed on the basis of simulation of the seismic wave propagation processes through ground layer aiming to determine the quantitative characteristics of seismic effect on the oilfield region. Soil amplification values estimated by empirical relationships in terms of shear wave velocities are in the range of 0.7 and 1.9 values. Shear wave velocity (Vs, 30) values are 100 and 110 (m/s). The PGA values for the study area were evaluated by considering the local site effects. Peak ground acceleration varies between 100 – 380 gal. On the basis of the empirical relationship between MSK-64 and peak ground acceleration, the special distribution of intensity of the design earthquake with intensity of >8 is represented. Finally, the study presents possible relationship between seismic effect and daily oil recovery which states the direct proportional characteristics.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>ground classification, oilfield, scenario earthquake, Vs30, amplification factor, peak ground acceleration</p>

scholarly journals Vertical Seismic Effect on the Seismic Fragility of Large-Space Underground Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming He ◽  
Qingjun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Underground Structure ◽  
Seismic Effect ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Large Space

The measured vertical peak ground acceleration was larger than the horizontal peak ground acceleration. It is essential to consider the vertical seismic effect in seismic fragility evaluation of large-space underground structures. In this research, an approach is presented to construct fragility curves of large-space underground structures considering the vertical seismic effect. In seismic capacity, the soil-underground structure pushover analysis method which considers the vertical seismic loading is used to obtain the capacity curve of central columns. The thresholds of performance levels are quantified through a load-drift backbone curve model. In seismic demand, it is evaluated through incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method under the excitation of horizontal and vertical acceleration, and the soil-structure-interaction and ground motion characteristics are also considered. The IDA results are compared in terms of peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity. To construct the fragility curves, the evolutions of performance index versus the increasing earthquake intensity are performed, considering related uncertainties. The result indicates that if we ignore the vertical seismic effect to the fragility assessment of large-space underground structures, the exceedance probabilities of damage of large-space underground structures will be underestimated, which will result in an unfavorable assessment result.

scholarly journals Seismic hazard assessment and local site effect evaluation in Hanoi, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4B) ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Nguyen Anh Duong ◽  
Pham Dinh Nguyen ◽  
Vu Minh Tuan ◽  
Bui Van Duan ◽  
Nguyen Thuy Linh
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Local Site Effect ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Local Site

In this study, we have carried out the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in Hanoi based on the latest seismotectonic data. The seismic hazard map shows peak ground acceleration values on rock corresponding to the 10% probability of exceedance in a 50-year time period (approximately return periods of 500 years). The calculated results reveal that the maximum ground acceleration can occur on rock in Hanoi is about 0.13 g corresponding to the shaking intensity level of VIII on the MSK-64 scale. The ground motion values calculated on rock vary according to the local site conditions. We have evaluated and corrected the local site effects on ground motion in Ha Dong district, Hanoi by using microtremor and borehole data. The Nakamura’s H/V spectral ratio method has been applied to establish a map of ground dominant periods in Ha Dong with a TS range of 0.6 - 1.2 seconds. The relatively high values of periods indicate that Ha Dong has soft soil and thick Quaternary sediments. The sediment thickness in Ha Dong is calculated to vary between 30 - 75 m based on ground dominant periods and shear wave velocity VS30 = 171 - 254 m/s. The results of local site effect on ground motion show that the 500-year return period peak ground acceleration in Ha Dong ranges from 0.13 g to 0.17 g. It is once again asserted that the seismic hazard in Hanoi is a matter of great concern, due not only to the relatively high ground acceleration, but also to the seismic characteristics of soil (low shear wave velocity, ground dominant period of approximately 1 second).

scholarly journals Relationships between macroseismic intensity and peak ground acceleration and velocity for the Vrancea (Romania) subcrustal earthquakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. SE432
Author(s):  
Iren-Adelina Moldovan ◽  
Angela Petruta Constantin ◽  
Raluca Partheniu ◽  
Bogdan Grecu ◽  
Constantin Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Macroseismic Intensity ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Ground Motion Parameters ◽  
Motion Parameters ◽  
Subcrustal Earthquakes ◽  
Strong Ground

The goal of this paper is to develop a new empirical relationship between observed macroseismic intensity and strong ground motion parameters such as peak ground acceleration (PGA) and velocity (PGV) for the Vrancea subcrustal earthquakes. The recent subcrustal earthquakes provide valuable data to examine these relationships for Vrancea seismogenic region. This region is one of the most active seismic zones in Europe and it is well-known for the strong subcrustal earthquakes. We examine the correlation between the strong ground-motion records and the observed intensities for major and moderate earthquakes with Mw ≥ 5.4 and epicentral intensity in the range VI to IX MSK degrees that occurred in Vrancea zone in the period 1977-2009. The empirical relationships between maximum intensity and ground parameters obtained and published by various authors have shown that these parameters do not always show a one-to-one correspondence, and the errors associated with the intensity estimation from PGA/PGV are sometimes +/-2 MSK degree. In the present study, the relation between macroseismic intensity and PGA/PGV will be given both as a mathematical equation, but also as corresponding ground motion intervals. Because of the intensity data spreading and errors related to mathematical approximations, it is necessary to systematically monitor not only the acceleration and velocity but also all the other ground motion parameters. The mathematical relation between these parameters might be used for the rapid assessment of ground shaking severity and potential damages in the areas affected by the Vrancea earthquakes.

scholarly journals GIS APPROACH GEOSPATIAL APPLICATION FOR SEISMIC MICROZONATION STUDY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.П. Ганапатхи ◽  
В.Б. Заалишвили ◽  
Д.А. Мельков ◽  
В.Б. Свалова ◽  
А.В. Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Seismic Microzonation ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Shear Wave Velocities ◽  
Gis Technique ◽  
Rock Depth ◽  
Chennai City

В работе представлен инструментарий в виде ГИС-технологий для составления карты сейсмического микрорайонирования. Рассмотрены методы и способы индийской и российской практики сейсмического микрорайонирования Реализована компиляция исходных данных в оперативную экспресс ГИС-методику. Построена карта сейсмического микрорайонирования первого уровня для города Ченнаи (Индия) с использованием ГИС-платформы на основе использования специфических информационных слоев в виде пикового ускорения грунта (PGA), скорости поперечной волны, геологического строения территории, уровня грунтовых вод и глубины кровли подстилающих коренных пород. Пиковое ускорение для сейсмических источников оценивалось на основе отношения затухания. При этом максимальное ускорение PGA для Ченнаи составило 0,176 g, а для Владикавказа – 0,2 g (для вероятности превышения 5%). Анализ сейсмической опасности включал матрицы данных (дискретные наборы данных из разных тем были преобразованы в сетки) для расчета окончательной матрицы сейсмической опасности путем интеграции и анализа веса исходных тематических слоев. Город Ченнай в процессе исследования был разделен на три обширные зоны: высокой, умеренной и низкой сейсмической опасности. Карта сейсмического микрорайонирования города Владикавказа была представлена в единицах шкалы MSK-64 и единицах ускорения. В обоих рассмотренных подходах скорости поперечных волн были одной из основных инструментальных основ для соответствующих расчетов. Используя в качестве исходных данных сценариев синтезированные расчетные записи с учетом характеристик неисправностей, учитывается трансформация исходных акселерограмм, обусловленных свойствами почвы на территории. In the paper GIS approach for seismic microzonation map compilation is presented. Approaches of Indian and Russian seismic microzonation practice are considered and compilated in express GIS technique. A first level seismic microzonation map of Chennai city has been produced with a GIS platform using the themes, viz, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), Shear wave velocity at 3 m, Geology, Ground water fluctuation and bed rock depth. The peak ground acceleration for these seismic sources were estimated based on the attenuation relationship and the maximum PGA for Chennai is 0.176 g and for Vladikavkaz 0.2 g (for 5% exceedance probability). The seismic microzonation analysis involved grid datasets (the discrete datasets from different themes were converted to grids) to compute the final seismic hazard grid through integration and weightage analysis of the source themes. The Chennai city has been classified into three broad zones, viz, High, Moderate and Low Seismic Hazard. Vladikavkaz city microzonation map was presented in MSK-64 scale. In both approaches shear wave velocities was one of the basic instrumental data. Using as initial data of the scenario synthesized records, taking into account the characteristics of faults, takes into account the transformation of the original accelerograms stipulated by soil properties of the territory.

Validation of seismic design parameters for wood-frame shearwall systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ario Ceccotti ◽  
Erol Karacabeyli
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Time History ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Design Earthquake ◽  
Nonlinear Time History

A methodology for assessment of seismic design parameters for a wood-frame shearwall system is developed, consisting of a test program of shearwalls and the application of nonlinear time history analyses to a four-storey wood-frame building that was designed to resist the seismic requirements for Vancouver, British Columbia. Analyses employed 22 selected earthquake accelerograms that were scaled upwards until an ultimate peak ground acceleration (Au) was reached where the shearwall reached a "near-collapse" state. The 22 values of Au were found to be greater than the "design" peak ground acceleration, indicating the adequacy of the current design procedures for the particular shearwalls investigated. The influence of gypsum wallboard on the behaviour of the shearwalls was also evaluated, and a new force modification factor "R" for walls composed of a mixture of wood-based and gypsum panels was proposed. The effect of flexibility of floor diaphragms was considered separately for a symmetric building and was found to have 5-30% reduction on the Au values obtained for the rigid diaphragm case.Key words: seismic design, earthquake loads, timber structures, wood shearwalls.

Ergodic site response model for subduction zone regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110569
Author(s):  
Grace A Parker ◽  
Jonathan P Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Short Period

We present an ergodic site response model with regional adjustments for use with subduction zone ground-motion models. The model predicts site amplification of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and 5% damped pseudo-spectral accelerations of the orientation-independent horizonal component for oscillator periods from 0.01 to 10 s. The model depends on the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m ( VS30), basin depth, and region and is independent of subduction earthquake type. It has three components: a linear site-amplification term in the form of VS30-scaling, a nonlinear term that depends on VS30 and shaking intensity parameterized by peak ground acceleration at the reference-rock velocity condition of 760 m/s, and a basin sediment-depth term for Japan and Cascadia conditioned on the depth to the 2.5 km/s shear-wave velocity isosurface ( Z2.5). A global VS30-scaling model is provided along with regional adjustments for Japan, Taiwan, South America, Alaska, and Cascadia. The nonlinear model is global, with a functional form that has often been used to fit nonlinear responses inferred from simulations, but here we calibrate it empirically. Relative to a prior model for shallow earthquakes in active tectonic regions, our subduction zone global VS30-scaling is comparable at short periods (<1.0 s) but weaker at long periods, while the nonlinear site response is generally less pronounced but extends to lower levels of shaking. Basin depth models are conditioned on the difference of the actual Z2.5 and a VS30-conditioned mean Z2.5. Sites with positive differential depths have increased long-period site responses and decreased short-period responses, with the opposite occurring for negative differential depths.

Analisis Percepatan Tanah Puncak Akibat Gempa Pada Kota Sorong Sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Bencana

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Imam Trianggoro Saputro ◽  
Mohammad Aris
Keyword(s):  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Papua Barat

Sorong merupakan salah satu kota yang terletak di Provinsi Papua Barat. Daerah ini memiliki tingkat kerentanan yang tinggi terhadap ancaman bahaya gempa bumi karena lokasinya terletak di antara pertemuan lempengan tektonik dan beberapa sesar aktif. Tingkat kerawanan terhadap gempa pada daerah ini cukup tinggi. Pada September 2016, BMKG mencatat bahwa terjadi gempa bumi dengan skala magnitudo sebesar 6,8 SR (Skala Ritcher) dengan kedalaman 10 meter dari permukaan laut dan berjarak 31 km arah timur laut kota Sorong. Gempa ini bersifat merusak. Akibat gempa ini, sebanyak 62 orang terluka dan 257 rumah rusak. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu analisis terhadap percepatan tanah puncak (Peak Ground Acceleration) terbaru sebagai langkah mitigasi yang nantinya dapat digunakan untuk perencanaan gedung tahan gempa.Pengumpulan data gempa pada peneltian ini yaitu data gempa yang terjadi sekitar kota Sorong pada rentang waktu 1900-2017. Data gempa yang diambil adalah yang berpotensi merusak struktur yaitu dengan magnitudo (Mw) ≥ 5 dengan radius gempa 500 km dari kota Sorong dan memiliki kedalaman antara 0 - 300 km. Setelah diperoleh data gempa maka dibuat peta sebaran gempa di wilayah kota Sorong. Percepatan tanah puncak dihitung berdasarkan fungsi atenuasi matuscha (1980) dan menggunakan pendekatan metode Gumbel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai percepatan tanah puncak (PGA) di wilayah kota Sorong pada periode ulang 2500 tahun atau menggunakan probabilitas terlampaui 2% dalam 50 tahun umur rencana bangunan diperoleh sebesar 708.9520 cm/dt2 atau 0.7227 g. Apabila melihat peta gempa SNI 1726-2012 yang menggunakan probabilitas yang sama maka nilai percepatan tanah puncak (PGA) ketika gempa bumi berkisar antara 0.4 g - 0.6 g. Nilai ini mengalami peningkatan yang berarti tingkat resiko terhadap gempa bumi pada wilayah kota Sorong meningkat.

A Geospatial Liquefaction Model for Rapid Response and Loss Estimation

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1813-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Davene Daley ◽  
Laurie G. Baise ◽  
Eric M. Thompson ◽  
David J. Wald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Loss Estimation ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
First Order ◽  
Database Development ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Compound Topographic Index ◽  
Distance Parameter

We describe an approach to model liquefaction extent that focuses on identifying broadly available geospatial variables (e.g., derived from digital elevation models) and earthquake-specific parameters (e.g., peak ground acceleration, PGA). A key step is database development: We focus on the 1995 Kobe and 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes because the presence/absence of liquefaction has been mapped so that the database is unbiased with respect to the areal extent of liquefaction. We derive two liquefaction models with explanatory variables that include PGA, shear-wave velocity, compound topographic index, and a newly defined normalized distance parameter (distance to coast divided by the sum of distance to coast and distance to the basin inland edge). To check the portability/reliability of these models, we apply them to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. We conclude that these models provide first-order approximations of the extent of liquefaction, appropriate for use in rapid response, loss estimation, and simulations.

PEMETAAN ZONA RESIKO GEMPABUMI BERDASARKAN PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION TERHADAP ENERGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERAL DI PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA

2021 ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Aditya Saifuddin ◽  
Enni Intan Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Ground Acceleration

Maluku Utara merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang tercatat sebagai wilayah yang sering terjadi gempa karena terletak di pertemuan Lempeng Eurasia, Lempeng Pasifik, Lempeng Mikro Halmahera, dan Lempeng Oceanic Laut Maluku. Selain itu Maluku Utara juga tercatat sebagai penyumbang besar Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) di sektor pertambangan. Pemetaan zona resiko bencana gempabumi berdasarkan intensitas keaktifan gempa dapat digunakan sebagai inovasi teknologi guna mengetahui spesifikasi daerah yang memiliki resiko tinggi karena dalam penganalisisan ini memperhitungkan percepatan getaran tanah maksimum akibat gempa bumi yang diperoleh berdasarkan data gempabumi yang terjadi pada kurun waktu 2000-2020 dengan memperhatikan besarnya Magnitudo dan jarak Hiposenternya. Hasil penganalisisan Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) ditampilkan dalam bentuk peta dan juga ditumpang susunkan dengan peta wilayah izin usaha tambang yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementrian Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral (ESDM) sehingga hasil akhir diperoleh zona wilayah izin tamabang berdasarkan tingkat resiko bahaya gempabumi.

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