Uplift history of the Western Ecuadorian Andes: new constraints from low-temperature thermochronology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Margirier ◽  
Peter Reiners ◽  
Ismael Casado ◽  
Stuart Thomson ◽  
Alexandra Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Plate ◽  
Ridge Subduction ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Cordillera ◽  
Deformational History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Impact

<p>The Cenozoic growth of the Ecuadorian Andes has been strongly influenced by the compressional reactivation of inherited crustal anisotropies, strike-slip faulting and uplift, and the erosional effects of a wet tropical climate superposed on the deforming orogen. Some authors have linked uplift in the Western Cordillera to the interaction between the South American Plate and the subduction of the oceanic Carnegie Ridge. However, recent studies have alternatively suggested that the tectonic evolution of a northward-escaping crustal sliver in western Ecuador along the Pallatanga strike-slip zone may equally well explain mountain building and topographic growth in this region. While the importance of the Pallatanga Fault has been recognized in the context of seismic hazards, its long-term impact on the development of topography and relief has not been explored in detail. To evaluate the possible roles of oceanic ridge subduction and/or strike-slip motion in prompting the growth of the Western Cordillera, we present new thermochronological data to constrain the deformational history of the Western Cordillera at different latitudes. We focus on two sites in the vicinity of the Pallatanga strike-slip fault (3°S and 1°30’S) and a location farther to the north (0°30’N). Our apatite and zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He dates range from 26.0 ± 0.4 Ma to 3.9 ± 0.1 Ma and from 23.7 ± 0.3 to 5.9 ± 0.1 Ma, respectively. The three sampled sites record a clear age-elevation relationship. The inverse modeling of apatite and zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He dates and upcoming apatite fission-track data is expected to provide new constraints on the recent uplift and exhumation history of the Western Ecuadorian Andes and thus furnish information on the paleo-geographical evolution of the northern Andes.</p>

Five-year Psychosocial Impact of Living in Post-Disaster Prefabricated Temporary Housing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Akaishi ◽  
Tomomi Suzuki ◽  
Harumi Nemoto ◽  
Yusuke Utsumi ◽  
Moe Seto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychosocial Conditions ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Post Disaster

Abstract Objective: This study aims to evaluate the long-term impact of living in post-disaster prefabricated temporary housing on social interaction activities and mental health status. Methods: A total of 917 adult residents in a coastal town, whose residences were destroyed by the tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), were enrolled for the assessment held five years after the disaster. They answered questions about their experience and consequence of living in prefabricated temporary housing after the disaster. Their present scores on five types of self-reported measures regarding the psychosocial or psychiatric status and their present and recalled social interaction activities were cross-sectionally collected. Results: A total of 587 (64.0%) participants had a history of living in prefabricated temporary housing, while the other 330 (36.0%) had not. The prevalence of social interaction activities significantly decreased after the GEJE. However, the experience of living in prefabricated temporary housing did not adversely affect the subsequent social interaction activities or mental conditions of the participants five years after the disaster. Conclusions: Living in post-disaster prefabricated temporary housing may not negatively impact subsequent psychosocial conditions or social interaction activities five years later.

Unique episodic groundwater recharge event in a South American sedimentary aquifer and its long‐term impact on baseflow

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Dambros Melati ◽  
Fernando Mainardi Fan ◽  
Gustavo Barbosa Athayde ◽  
Pedro Antônio Roehe Reginato ◽  
Walter Collischonn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
South American ◽  
Sedimentary Aquifer ◽  
Long Term Impact

scholarly journals Reported History of Measles and Long-term Impact on Antibody to Tetanus in Children 6–59 Months of Age Receiving DTP in the Democratic Republic of Congo

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S323-S323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Ashbaugh ◽  
James D Cherry ◽  
Sue Gerber ◽  
Stephen G Higgins ◽  
Adva Gadoth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Past History ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Induced Immunity

Abstract Background Recent studies suggest a measles-induced immune amnesia that could have long-term immunosuppressive effects via preferential depletion of memory B and T CD150+ lymphocytes. Methods We examined the association between past measles and tetanus antibody levels among children participating in the 2013–2014 Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Our sample consisted of 833 children aged 6–59 months whose mothers were selected for interview. Mothers reported (via recall) history of measles within the lifetime of the child. Classification of children who previously had measles was completed using maternal recall and measles immunoglobulin G (IgG) serostatus obtained via dried blood spot (DBS) analysis. A multiplex chemiluminescent immunoassay platform was used to obtain serologic results and Assay Score (AS) was calculated as a ratio to a positive control included in each run. Tetanus serostatus was categorized as being above or below the sample median serology AS value. Tetanus vaccination status was obtained via dated vaccination card and limited to children receiving the complete 3-dose vaccination series. Results The median AS for tetanus serology among the entire sample of 833 children was 0.085, while children with history of measles had a median AS of 0.053 (N = 41) and children with no history of measles had a median AS of 0.088 (N = 792), chi-square P-value < 0.05. A random intercept logistic regression model was used to examine the association between previous measles disease and odds of having below median levels of tetanus antibody. Controlling for potential confounding variables, the odds of a child with past history of measles having less than the median level of tetanus antibody was 3.86 (95% CI: 1.70, 8.78) among children fully vaccinated for tetanus. Conclusion The results suggest that, among children 6–59 months in DRC, measles may have a long-term impact on levels of pre-existing, vaccine-induced immunity to tetanus. These findings suggest the need for laboratory studies examining measles’ impact on pre-existing, vaccine-induced immunity and underscore the need for continued evaluation and improvement of DRC’s measles vaccination program. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Anna von der Goltz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Postwar Germany ◽  
Life Paths ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
German Student ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Long Term Impact

This chapter introduces the book’s protagonists and main subject: the other ‘68ers, a group of centre-right activists who had participated in the West German student movement of the late 1960s and 1970s and later commemorated their efforts as a form of democratic resistance against left-wing radicals. It argues that a close examination of the other ‘68ers’ ideas, experiences, repertoires, and remarkable career trajectories enables us to rethink the history of 1968 and its afterlives in important ways. Studying the hitherto neglected role these individuals played at the time, as well as their life paths and long-term impact on West German political culture, opens up new vistas for understanding the history of protest in 1968, the late Federal Republic, and the role that generation played in postwar Germany. The Introduction also discusses the different sources used for this study, including the oral history methodology on which parts of the book are based.

The history and future of the North Sea benthos

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
P. E. P. Norton
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Bottom Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Temperature Depth

SynopsisThis is a brief review intended to supply bases for prediction of future changes in the North Sea Benthos. It surveys long-term changes which are affecting the benthos. Any prediction must take into account change in temperature, depth, bottom type, tidal patterns, current patterns and zoogeography of the sea and the history of these is briefly touched on from late Tertiary times up to the present. From a prediction of changes in the benthos, certain information concerning the pelagic and planktonic biota could also be derived.

Palaeoseismic behaviour of strike-slip faults in slowly deforming regions: palaeoearthquakes and long-term slip history of the Ovacık Fault (eastern Turkey)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müge Yazıcı ◽  
Cengiz Zabcı ◽  
Boris A. Natal’in ◽  
Taylan Sançar ◽  
H. Serdar Akyüz
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
Eastern Turkey ◽  
Slip History ◽  
History Of

Geodynamic study of the north of the Andes block (Colombia, Panama, Ecuador and Venezuela) through gnss-gps: models of displacements, models of deformation and definition of local and regional geodynamic structures.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berrocoso Manuel ◽  
Del Valle Arroyo Pablo Emilio ◽  
Colorado Jaramillo David Julián ◽  
Gárate Jorge ◽  
Fernández-Ros Alberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Plate ◽  
Northern Andes ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
The North

<p>The northwest of South America is conformed by the territories of Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. Great part of these territories make up the Northern Andes Block (BAN). The tectonic and volcanic activity in the northwest of South America is directly related to the interaction of the South American plate, and the Nazca and Caribbean plates, with the Maracaibo and Panama-Chocó micro plates. The high seismic activity and the high magnitude of the recorded earthquakes make any study necessary to define this complex geodynamic region more precisely. This work presents the velocity models obtained through GNSS-GPS observations obtained in public continuous monitoring stations in the region. The observations of the Magna-eco network (Agustín Codazzi Geographic Institute) are integrated with models already obtained by other authors from the observations of the GEORED network (Colombian Geological Service). The observations have been processed using Bernese software v.52 using the PPP technique; obtaining topocentric time series. To obtain the speeds, a process of filtering and adjustment of the topocentric series has been carried out. Based on this velocity model, regional structures have been defined within the Northern Andes Block through a differentiation process based on the corresponding speeds of the South American, Nazca and Caribbean tectonic plates. Local geodynamic structures within the BAN itself have been established through cluster analysis based on both the direction and the magnitude of each of the vectors obtained. Finally, these structures have been correlated with the most significant geodynamic elements (fractures, faults, subduction processes, etc.) and with the associated seismic activity.</p>

scholarly journals The unexpected survival of an ancient lineage of anseriform birds into the Neogene of Australia: the youngest record of Presbyornithidae

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 150635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa L. De Pietri ◽  
R. Paul Scofield ◽  
Nikita Zelenkov ◽  
Walter E. Boles ◽  
Trevor H. Worthy
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
South Australia ◽  
First Record ◽  
South American ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Ancient Lineage ◽  
History Of

Presbyornithids were the dominant birds in Palaeogene lacustrine assemblages, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, but are thought to have disappeared worldwide by the mid-Eocene. Now classified within Anseriformes (screamers, ducks, swans and geese), their relationships have long been obscured by their strange wader-like skeletal morphology. Reassessment of the late Oligocene South Australian material attributed to Wilaru tedfordi , long considered to be of a stone-curlew (Burhinidae, Charadriiformes), reveals that this taxon represents the first record of a presbyornithid in Australia. We also describe the larger Wilaru prideauxi sp. nov. from the early Miocene of South Australia, showing that presbyornithids survived in Australia at least until ca 22 Ma. Unlike on other continents, where presbyornithids were replaced by aquatic crown-group anatids (ducks, swans and geese), species of Wilaru lived alongside these waterfowl in Australia. The morphology of the tarsometatarsus of these species indicates that, contrary to other presbyornithids, they were predominantly terrestrial birds, which probably contributed to their long-term survival in Australia. The morphological similarity between species of Wilaru and the Eocene South American presbyornithid Telmabates antiquus supports our hypothesis of a Gondwanan radiation during the evolutionary history of the Presbyornithidae. Teviornis gobiensis from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia is here also reassessed and confirmed as a presbyornithid. These findings underscore the temporal continuance of Australia’s vertebrates and provide a new context in which the phylogeny and evolutionary history of presbyornithids can be examined.

Long Term Changes in Abundance of Eggs of the Cornish Pilchard (Sardina Pilchardus Walbaum) Off Plymouth

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hearsay Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The inshore fishery for the pilchard in Cornish waters has existed for several hundred years, and such records as are available concerning fluctuation in catches and market conditions have been reviewed by Couch (1865), Cushing (1957) and Culley (1971). Although pilchard have been landed from Lyme Bay, from the eastern half of the Channel, and from the southern North Sea (Couch, 1865; Furnestin, 1945; Cushing, 1957; personal communications G. T. Boalch) the catches have usually been incidental to other fisheries and more sporadic than in Cornish waters. Traditionally there are three areas fished for the Cornish pilchard: on the north-west coast around St Ives; in Mounts Bay and towards the Scillies; and between the Lizard Pt and Bolt Tail in Devon (Couch, 1865; Culley, 1971). The latter region, constituting the inshore waters of south-east Cornwall and south Devon, effectively forms the eastern limits of the regular occurrence of commercial shoals. Knowledge of the breeding and life-history of the fish in this region has always been scarce and subject to much hearsay evidence (reviewed in Southward, 1963). Up to quite recently it was thought that the main spawning area lay well to the west of the entrance to the Channel, and it was not until the investigations reported by Corbin (1947,195°) a nd Cushing (1957)tnat it was conclusively shown that extensive spawning can occur within the English Channel from May to October. The relationship of the spawning in the western Channel to the other areas of spawning off the entrance to the Channel and in the northern Bay of Biscay is illustrated in a recent series of reports (Arbault & Boutin, 1968; Arbault & Lacroix-Boutin, 1969; Arbault & Lacroix, 1971; Wallace, P. D. & Pleasants, C. A., duplicated ICES meeting paper CM 1972/J: 8), and is further demonstrated by Demir & Southward (1974) in discussing the results of a study of small scale seasonal changes in spawning intensity in inshore waters.

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