Triassic magmatism along the Eurasian margin of the Palaeotethys: U-Pb zircon age constraints from the western part of the Sakar-Strandzha Zone, Bulgaria
<p>In the Aegean sector of the Alpine orogen of the Eastern Mediterranean, the Sakar-Strandzha Zone (SSZ) represents a major tectonic unit that straddles the territories of Bulgaria and Turkey. The westernmost part of the SSZ in Bulgaria includes the area along the Maritsa river valley and the St. Iliya Heights, both connected through several small outcrop areas under the Cenozoic sedimentary cover. In Bulgaria, the Triassic felsic magmatism along the Maritsa river valley was inferred by Chatalov (1961) on the basis of the stratigraphy, but only a single U-Pb zircon age revealed Early Triassic (ca. 249 Ma) felsic magmatism in the SSZ of Turkey (Aysal et al., 2018). Here, we constrain the timing of Triassic magmatism using U-Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon geochronology of felsic magmatic bodies in the western part of the SSZ in Bulgaria.</p><p>A sample from a (meta) rhyolite body yielded a concordant age of 237.8 &#177; 3.4 Ma, which confirmed a crystallization likely concomitant with the deposition of the Triassic clastic rocks in the northern Maritsa river valley. To the east along the valley, a leucocratic granite body located south of the Permian Sakar batholith (ca. 295-296 Ma, Bonev et al., 2019), yielded a concordant age of 242.1 &#177; 1.8 Ma for the crystallization, having crosscutting relationships with the high-grade metamorphic basement. A leucocratic and K-feldspar porphyric meta-granite bodies yielded concordant ages of 243.3 &#177; 5.8 Ma and 240.6 &#177; 2.3 Ma, respectively, for the crystallization within the so-called Harmanli block to the south along the valley. At St. Iliya Heights a sample from the Prochorovo Formation (meta) rhyolite body yielded a concordant age of 245.4 &#177; 1.5 Ma for the crystallization, which implies an Early Triassic age of the clastic rocks with which it inter-fingers. In the area between the Maritsa river valley and the St. Iliya Heights at the village of Svetlina a leucocratic meta-granite body yielded a concordant age of 229.6 &#177; 2.4 Ma. The concordantly dated zircons that yielded Triassic ages of the igneous/meta-igneous protoliths all have Th/U ratios compatible with the magmatic process. The major elements of the dated samples reveal calc-alkaline to high-K-alkaline peraluminous felsic compositions similar to the adjacent Late Carboniferous-Permian igneous/meta-igneous rocks of the SSZ.</p><p>The U-Pb zircon ages reveal Early-Middle Triassic magmatic phase (ca. 245-230 Ma) in the western SSZ of Bulgaria. These age data provide a regional-scale temporal link for the Triassic magmatism extending to the easternmost extremity of the SSZ in Turkey. The Triassic continental type felsic magmatism in the western SSZ is interpreted to result from the ongoing Paleotethyan subduction under the Eurasian plate, which magmatism follows the development of a Late Carboniferous-Permian continental magmatic arc of the SSZ (Bonev et al., 2019).</p><p>References</p><p>Aysal, N., &#350;ahin, S.Y., G&#252;ng&#246;r, Y., Peytcheva, I., &#214;ngen, S., 2018. Journ. Asian Earth Sci., 164, 83-103.</p><p>Bonev, N., Filipov, P., Raicheva, R., Moritz, R., 2019. Int. Geol. Rev., 61, 1957-1979.</p><p>Chatalov, G., 1961. Compt. Rend. Acad. Bulg. Sci., 14, 503-506.</p><p>Acknowledgements: The study was supported by the NSF Bulgaria DN04/6 contract.</p>
The Late Carboniferous was a crucial interval for the establishment of terrestrial ecosystems. A dramatic change in tetrapod distribution and ecology is coupled with an ongoing transition from amphibian to amniote domination. Presented here is a new set of tetrapod footprints from a single slab discovered on the island of Bjørnøya in the Norwegian High Arctic. A three-dimensional photogrammetric model was constructed to allow analysis of the trackway, and palaeoenvironmental observations were taken to provide context to the ichnological determinations. The slab appears to preserve the transition from swimming to walking. Statistical tests provide indication that there is a significant change in locomotive behaviour (swimming to walking) present on the slab (p = 0.0026, n = 15). This coincides with a change in the preservation style and an apparent change in the depth of water traversed by the tracemaker. Two trackways can be assigned to the ichnogenus Limnopus Marsh, 1894 (temnospondyl amphibians). They consist of 36 and 24 prints, respectively, and have widths and lengths of 151 mm x 2149 mm and 166 mm x 1226 mm. Two other trackways represent the traces of indeterminate tetrapods. Palaeoenvironmental analysis suggests that the trackways had lain in a fluvial floodplain setting in a palaeo-river valley system, in agreement with regional-scale analyses. Locomotion analysis suggests that on moving from submerged walking and swimming to terrestrial walking, this large Late Carboniferous temnospondyl increased its pace angulation and lengthened its stride. At ~30°N, these tracks may be the farthest north Limnopus trackways yet found in terms of palaeolatitude. They are the first Carboniferous tetrapod traces discovered from Svalbard and are probably among the oldest examples of Limnopus yet found.
