The ancient city and the rising sea. Using archaeogeosites to convey climate awareness.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Stefano Mariani ◽  
Rita Teresa Melis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
The City

<p>The interaction between human societies and the physical landscape is deep and widespread since the dawn of civilisation. The development of different cultures always had to take into account their physical and geological surrounding, in order to adapt to their features and exploit them in the most efficient fashion. Cultural and geological heritage are therefore often tightly linked in a relationship enhancing the meaning of both to society in many ways. Tapping into these cultural archives can provide a useful way of communicating geoheritage to the wider public through the history of human-landscape interactions. Such landmarks would effectively act as witnesses of Earth history from a human point of view and become beneficial in spreading knowledge about past and current geological processes such as climate change. With the help of archaeogeosites, integrated reconstructions where the geological and geomorphological evidence with the elements of archaeological heritage could provide an effective way of communicating to the larger public sea level dynamics at a longer scale and the effects of climate change in the present and near future.</p><p>As a case study, the late ancient city of Nora is particularly effective. Located in southwestern Sardinia (Italy), it was a seaport of great importance during the Punic and Roman periods. Its surrounding landscape is deeply influenced by the marine transgression happening since the Last Glacial Maximum. Along the coast, many landforms and stratigraphic sequences bear evidence of sea level fluctuations and the related changes in the landscape revealing the larger context in which the city was developed. Beach deposits dated to MIS5 are buried by fluvial deposits and soils indicating a much lower sea level during later stadial periods. Since the passage to the Holocene the area, dominated by fluvial and slope dynamics, is interested by the progressive rise of the coastline and the consequent land loss. The city itself was not spared from this process. While its strategic coastal position was instrumental in its rise to prominence, the exposure to a rising sea level had a great impact on its history, both during its development and later as an abandoned settlement and an archaeological site. Several human structures possibly show the necessity of shielding against a progressively more damaging wave action.</p>

scholarly journals KAMPUNG NELAYAN BERKELANJUTAN DI KAMAL MUARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Henry Yonanda ◽  
Rudy Trisno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Contextual Design ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The City

Millennials have been touted as the generation that will do something about global warming. Conversely, some social scientists studying generational differences have found evidence that younger generations are less likely to engage in civic matters like environmental activism. Lack of civic engagement among Millennials may reduce their likelihood of engaging in collective action on global warming. On the other hand, the world is drastically changing. Within the recent years, climate change has become a growing concern worldwide. The various modes of destruction imposed on the environment are targeted to be the catalyst to these changes. According to climate scientists, sea level rise is one of the most important impacts of global climate change. Fishermen as one of the professions that depend their life on the sea, is affected so much by this condition. This condition might destroy their houses on the coastal area. Urban Kampong in Jakarta as the most dense human settlements in urban area has become one of the main economic generator for a city. With all the contradict characteristics and forms, urban kampongs are the part of the city that cannot be separated from one to another. The existence of kampong has become the main embryo of the development of Jakarta. Jakarta is one of the biggest coastal city in the world. The coastline of this city has become the main economic generator for the coty and the nations. The existence of fishermen’s kampong in Jakarta has also become an essential program for the city, in order to fullfill the needs of fresh catch of sea products. Therefore, The project is aimed to create a sustainable and adaptive coastal kampong community, that has the resilience to the rising sea level. By concerning on the kampong’s behaviour, and doing research of the typological transformation of the kampong, the design is also expected to serve as an archetype fot the future development of endagered coastal settlements all across the country. several sustainable approach and behaviourial approach are also injected in this project to create a contextual design that would help the kampong to grow, and adapt to all the conditions, and situation in the future. AbstrakGenerasi milenial dianggap sebagai generasi yang akan melakukan perubahan nyata terkait dengan pemanasan global. Akan tetapi, beberapa studi pun menunjukan bukti bahwa generasi millenial justru memiliki kesadaran serta kepekaan yang tidak lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan generas-generasi sebelumnya. Pada satu sisi, bumi kian melakukan perubahan yang begitu derastis. Berbagai macam kerusakan pun terjadi dalam berbagai jenis yang menjadi generator dari perubahan iklim yang drastis ini. Nelayan sebagai salah satu profesi yang menggantungkan nasibnya pada lautan, kian terganggu dengan kondisi ini. Hal ini menyebabkan kerusakan pada rumah-rumah di kawasan pesisir pantai. Kampung kota di Jakarta, sebagai permukiman terpadat di daerah urban menjadi salah satu kenerator utama pada suatu kota. Dengan segala karakteristiknya yang berbanding terbalik dengan perkotaan, kampung kota merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari suatu kota. Eksistensi suatu kampung telah menjadi embrio dari perkembangan kota Jakarta. Jakarta merupakan salah satu kota pesisir terbesar di dunia. Daerah pesisir dari kota ini telah menjadi generator ekonomi utama dari kota itu sendiri dan juga nasional. Keberadaan kampung nelayan di Jakarta pun menjadi salah satu program penting yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Maka dari itu, proyek ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan suatu komunitas kampung pesisir yang berkelanjutan, adaptif serta memiliki ketahanan terhadap kenaikan permukaan air laut yang terjadi. Metode perancangan pada proyek ini dibagi menjadi 2 bagian utama yaitu analisis mikro yang membahas mengenai tipe dan perilaku, serta analisis makro yang membahas proyek dari segi perancangan urban. Dengan menitik beratkan pada studi perilaku, dan melakukan riset mendalam terhadap transformasi tipologi yang terjadi pada kampung, desain ini diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu arketipe untuk pengembangan kampung di daerah pesisir di masa depan di seluruh Indonesia. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan, bahwa dengan adaptasi tipe, perilaku serta sistem berkelanjutan yang sesuai dan tepat, desain dari kampung nelayan berkelanjutan ini dapat menjadi suatu respon yang tepat dalam menjawab permasalahan yang terjadi di kampung-kampung pesisir.

Exploring links between geodynamics and climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hoggard ◽  
Fred Richards
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Dynamic Topography ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Warming World

<p>Combating global climate change remains one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the coming decades. Whilst oceanographers, ice sheet dynamicists, and atmospheric modellers all have an obvious role to play in leading efforts to tackle this problem, there remain many aspects that require careful consideration and cross-disciplinary interaction in other areas of the geosciences. In this talk, I will use selected examples to illustrate important links between geodynamics and climate change, including improving our understanding of its potential impacts and mitigation. The first concerns the role of mantle convection in influencing palaeo sea-level records and ice sheet dynamics. For example, Pliocene interglacial periods are commonly invoked as potential climatic analogues for the near-future conditions expected in our warming world, but there is considerable uncertainty over the extent to which important sea-level indicator sites have been perturbed, post-deposition, by convection-induced dynamic topography. The second link involves the growing shortage of metals that are key to the manufacture of technologies for low-carbon energy generation and storage. Tackling this shortfall requires an improvement in our ability to locate new, high-grade metal deposits, particularly those buried beneath shallow sedimentary cover. Novel geodynamical insights into the geological processes responsible for ore genesis will form a core component of narrowing the exploration search-space, and we have recently demonstrated this approach for sediment-hosted metal deposits. Through these case studies, I will show that it is primarily through developing an environment of cross-disciplinary discussion and financial support that our community is most likely to progress in understanding the potential impacts of climate change and how we may mitigate against them. Although one of the least well-studied components, the solid Earth is increasingly being recognised as a critical part of the climate system. Researchers working in topics as diverse as rock mechanics, seismology, convection modelling, and geochemistry all have a crucial role to play.</p>

scholarly journals Multitemporal High-Resolution Satellite Images for the Study and Monitoring of an Ancient Mesopotamian City and its Surrounding Landscape: The Case of Ur

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Di Giacomo ◽  
Giuseppe Scardozzi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Important Data ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
The City

The paper concerns the use of multitemporal high-resolution satellite images for the study of the ancient city of Ur, in southern Mesopotamia, inaccessible to scholars from 2003. The acquired dataset is composed by two Gambit KH-7 (1966) and one Corona KH-4B (1968) declassified spy space photos and by few images taken by the recent satellites for civilian use QuickBird-2 (2002, 2004, 2007), Ikonos-2 (2008), and WorldView-1 (2008). The processing of all these images and the integration with ASTER and SRTM DEMs allowed the acquisition of new data about the topographical layout of the city and its monuments and ancient roads; the georeferencing of all archaeological remains and traces visible on the images allowed the upgrade of the archaeological map of Ur. The research also provided important data concerning the reconstruction of the surrounding landscape, where a lot of traces of old channels and riverbeds of the Euphrates were identified in areas much modified and altered during the last decades by urbanization and agricultural works. Moreover, the multitemporal images allowed the monitoring of the conservation of the archaeological area, particularly before and after second Gulf War.

scholarly journals The rediscovery of Palmyra and its dissemination in Philosophical Transactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-230
Author(s):  
Gregorio Astengo
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

This paper examines the first publicly documented western encounter with the ancient city of Palmyra as an archaeological site. This encounter was achieved in the late seventeenth century by a group of British merchants, who reached Palmyra and made drawings and reports of its ruins. The reports were then published in Philosophical Transactions in the mid 1690s. This paper points to the ways in which such accounts came into being, as well as how the city was described and publicly communicated for the first time in Philosophical Transactions . These articles had a great impact throughout the following centuries as a reference for the study of Palmyra. This paper therefore also stresses the pivotal role of Philosophical Transactions for the production and dissemination of Palmyra's archaeological legacy, as well as for the development of early modern archaeology within the early Royal Society.

scholarly journals Late Glacial Marine Transgression and Ecosystem Response in the Landlocked Elefsis Bay (Northern Saronikos Gulf, Greece)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1505
Author(s):  
Katerina Kouli ◽  
Maria V. Triantaphyllou ◽  
Olga Koukousioura ◽  
Margarita D. Dimiza ◽  
Constantine Parinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Ecosystem Response ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Coastal Landscapes ◽  
Marine Realm

Coastal landscapes are sensitive to changes due to the interplay between surface and submarine geological processes, climate variability, and relative sea level fluctuations. The sedimentary archives of such marginal areas record in detail the complex evolution of the paleoenvironment and the diachronic biota response. The Elefsis Bay is nowadays a landlocked shallow marine basin with restricted communication to the open Saronikos Gulf. A multi-proxy investigation of a high-resolution sediment core recovered from the deepest part of the basin offered a unique opportunity to record the paleoenvironmental and aquatic ecosystem response to climate and glacioeustatic sea level changes since the Late Glacial marine transgression. The retrieved sedimentary deposits, subjected to thorough palynological (pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, dinoflagellates), micropaleontological (benthic foraminifera, calcareous nannoplankton, ostracods), and mollusc analyses, indicates isolation of the Elefsis Bay from the Saronikos Gulf and the occurrence of a shallow freshwater paleolake since at least 13,500 cal BP, while after 11,3500 cal BP the transition towards lagoon conditions is evidenced. The marine transgression in the Elefsis Bay is dated at 7500 cal BP, marking the establishment of the modern marine realm.

Judging and Mediating for the “Long Emergency”

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Eleanor Stein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New York ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Superstorm Sandy ◽  
The City

This chapter chronicles New York City’s and New York State’s responses to Superstorm Sandy and the climate-change crisis. After the 2012 storm devastated the city and its electricity provider, Consolidated Edison, the author conducted a mediation among the utility, businesses, consumers, and academia. The collaborative approach brought disparate interests together to arrive at a settlement to improve the resilience of the system for future impacts. These included not only anticipating more damaging storms but also planning to rebuild to withstand sea-level rise, extreme heat, and the damage to the most vulnerable neighborhoods.

scholarly journals Urbanization and climate change impacts on future urban flood risk in Can Tho city, Vietnam

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 10781-10824 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. L. Huong ◽  
A. Pathirana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
World City ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Abstract. Urban development increases flood risk in cities due to local changes in hydrological and hydrometeorological conditions that increase flood hazard, and also to urban concentrations that increase the vulnerability. The relationship between the increasing urban runoff and flooding due to increased imperviousness better perceived than that between the cyclic impact of urban growth and the urban rainfall via microclimatic changes. The large-scale, global impacts due to climate variability and change could compound these risks. We present the case of a typical third world city – Can Tho (the biggest city in Mekong River Delta, Vietnam) – faced with multiple future challenges, namely: (i) climate change-driven sea-level rise and tidal effect, (ii) increase river runoff due to climate change, (iii) increased urban runoff driven by imperviousness, and (iv) enhancement of extreme rainfall due to urban growth-driven micro-climatic change (urban heat islands). A set of model simulations were used to assess the future impact of the combination of these influences. Urban growth of the city was projected up to year 2100 based on historical growth patterns, using a land-use simulation model (Dinamica-EGO). A dynamic limited-area atmospheric model (WRF), coupled with a detailed land-surface model with vegetation parameterization (Noah LSM), was employed in controlled numerical experiments to estimate the anticipated changes in extreme rainfall patterns due to urban heat island effect. Finally, a 1-D/2-D coupled urban-drainage/flooding model (SWMM-Brezo) was used to simulate storm-sewer surcharge and surface inundation to establish the increase in the flood risk resulting from the changes. The results show that, if the city develops as predicted, the maximum of inundation depth and area in Can Tho will increase by about 20%. The impact of climate change on inundation is more serious than that of urbanization. The worse case may occur if the sea level rises 100 cm and the flow from upstream happen in the high-development scenarios. The relative contribution of causes of flooding are significantly different at various locations; therefore, detailed research on adaptation are necessary for the future investments to be effective.

scholarly journals Discrimination of tectonic dynamism, quiescence and third order relative sea level cycles of the Cauvery Basin, South India

2015 ◽  
pp. 19-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthuvairavasamy Ramkumar
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Cauvery Basin ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Active Nature ◽  
Major Factors

Application of integrated stratigraphic modeling of sedimentary basins with the help of sequence and chemostratigraphic methods for improved understanding on the relative roles of depositional pattern and history of a Barremian-Danian stratigraphic record of the Cauvery Basin, India was attempted. Through enumeration of facies characteristics, tectonic structures and geochemical characteristics of the sedimentary rocks the use of geochemical signatures in distinguishing the relative roles of major factors has been evaluated. The results indicate that the geochemical signatures of the sedimentary rocks accurately record the prevalent geological processes and an ability to distinguish them through employing stratigraphic variations of compositional values and discrimination diagrams help in understanding the basinal history better. In addition, predomination of relative sea level fluctuations and active nature of tectonic movements during few time slices, which in turn was overwhelmed by sea level fluctuations are also inferred.

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