scholarly journals The role of tropopause polar vortices in the intensification of Summer Arctic cyclones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. Gray ◽  
Kevin Hodges ◽  
Jonathan Vautrey ◽  
John Methven
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Coherent Vortices ◽  
Cyclone Genesis ◽  
Ecmwf Reanalysis ◽  
The Arctic Region

<p>Human activity in the Arctic is expected to increase as new regions become accessible, with a consequent need for reliable forecasts of hazardous weather. Arctic cyclones are synoptic-scale cyclones developing within or moving into the Arctic region. Meso- to synoptic-scale tropopause-based coherent vortices called tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) are frequently observed in polar regions and are a proposed mechanism for Arctic cyclone genesis and intensification. While the importance of pre-existing tropopause-level features for cyclone development, and their existence as part of the three-dimensional mature cyclone structure, is well established in the mid-latitudes, evidence of the importance of pre-existing TPVs for Arctic cyclone development is more limited. Here we present a climatology and characteristics of summer Arctic cyclones and TPVs, produced by tracking them in the latest global ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5), and determine the role of pre-existing TPVs in the initiation and intensification of these cyclones.</p>

scholarly journals The role of tropopause polar vortices in the intensification of summer Arctic cyclones

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303-1324
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. Gray ◽  
Kevin I. Hodges ◽  
Jonathan L. Vautrey ◽  
John Methven
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Relative Vorticity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Cyclone Genesis

Abstract. Human activity in the Arctic is increasing as new regions become accessible, with a consequent need for improved understanding of hazardous weather there. Arctic cyclones are the major weather systems affecting the Arctic environment during summer, including the sea ice distribution. Mesoscale to synoptic-scale tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) frequently occur in polar regions and are a proposed mechanism for Arctic cyclone genesis and intensification. However, while the importance of pre-existing tropopause-level features for cyclone development, as well as being an integral part of the three-dimensional mature cyclone structure, is well established in the mid-latitudes, evidence of the importance of pre-existing TPVs for Arctic cyclone development is mainly limited to a few case studies. Here we examine the extent to which Arctic cyclone growth is coupled to TPVs by analysing a climatology of summer Arctic cyclones and TPVs produced by tracking both features in the latest ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5). The annual counts of Arctic cyclones and TPVs are significantly correlated for features with genesis either within or outside the Arctic, implying that TPVs have a role in the development of Arctic cyclones. However, only about one-third of Arctic cyclones have their genesis or intensify while a TPV of Arctic origin is (instantaneously) within about twice the Rossby radius of the cyclone centre. Consistent with the different track densities of the full sets of Arctic cyclones and TPVs, cyclones with TPVs within range throughout their intensification phase (matched cyclones) track preferentially over the Arctic Ocean along the North American coastline and Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In contrast, cyclones intensifying distant from any TPV (unmatched cyclones) track preferentially along the northern coast of Eurasia. Composite analysis reveals the presence of a distinct relative vorticity maximum at and above the tropopause level associated with the TPV throughout the intensification period for matched cyclones and that these cyclones have a reduced upstream tilt compared to unmatched cyclones. Interaction of cyclones with TPVs has implications for the predictability of Arctic weather, given the long lifetime but relatively small spatial scale of TPVs compared with the density of the polar observation network.

scholarly journals The role of tropopause polar vortices in the intensification of summer Arctic cyclones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Louise Gray ◽  
Kevin Ivan Hodges ◽  
Jonathan Luke Vautrey ◽  
John Methven
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Relative Vorticity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Cyclone Genesis

Abstract. Human activity in the Arctic is increasing as new regions become accessible, with a consequent need for improved understanding of hazardous weather there. Arctic cyclones are the major weather systems affecting the Arctic environment during summer, including the sea ice distribution. Meso- to synoptic-scale tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) frequently occur in polar regions and are a proposed mechanism for Arctic cyclone genesis and intensification. However, while the importance of pre-existing tropopause-level features for cyclone development, and their existence as part of the three-dimensional mature cyclone structure, is well established in the mid-latitudes, evidence of the importance of pre-existing TPVs for Arctic cyclone development is mainly limited to a few case studies. Here we examine the extent to which Arctic cyclone growth is coupled to TPVs by analysing a climatology of summer Arctic cyclones and TPV characteristics produced by tracking both features in the latest ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5). The annual counts of Arctic cyclones and TPVs are significantly correlated for features with genesis either within or outside the Arctic, implying that TPVs have a role in the development of Arctic cyclones. However, from their proximity, only about one third of Arctic cyclones intensify while influenced by a TPV and a maximum of 10 % have a nearby TPV at their genesis time. Consistent with the track densities of the full sets of Arctic cyclones and TPVs, cyclones associated with TPVs during their intensification phase (matched cyclones) track preferentially over the Arctic Ocean along the North American coastline and Canadian Archipelago. In contrast, cyclones intensifying distant from any TPV (unmatched cyclones) track preferentially along the north coast of Eurasia. Composite analysis reveals the presence of a distinct relative vorticity maximum at and above the tropopause level associated with the TPV throughout the intensification period for matched cyclones and that these cyclones have a reduced upstream tilt compared to unmatched cyclones. Interaction of cyclones with TPVs has implications for the predictability of Arctic weather, given the long lifetime, but relatively small spatial scale of TPVs compared with the density of the polar observation network.

scholarly journals Five Basic Cornerstones of Sustainability Education in the Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarina Määttä ◽  
Sanna Hyvärinen ◽  
Tanja Äärelä ◽  
Satu Uusiautti
Keyword(s):  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Sustainable Education ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Arctic Region

The Arctic region faces many threats but also opportunities due to economic, climate, environmental, cultural, social, professional, educational, and institutional changes, which also necessitate new perspectives on sustainable education. When implementing sustainable education in the Arctic, it is important to increase knowledge and understanding of the special features of Arctic areas—their opportunities and vulnerabilities. In this article, the model of Arctic sustainable education (ASE) has been introduced. It is based on a new kind of lifestyle that illustrates respectful and responsible attitudes toward other people and nature. What are the special features of the teaching and learning of ASE and how to organize it? In this theoretical article, we have discussed the challenges and goals, and possibilities and significance of ASE by leaning on the five cornerstones, concerning learning and teaching of SE in schools and organizations: why, what, how, who, and when. The ASE may provide new ideas to develop sustainable education not just in the Arctic region but also elsewhere as it gets its special opportunities and expectations in a context- and time-bound manner. In conclusion, the role of educational psychology in ASE has been viewed and discussed.

Simulation of electromagnetic signal of profile observations from a drifting surface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina S. Osipova ◽  
◽  
Arkadiy V. Zlobinskiy ◽  
Vladimir V. Potapov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Born Approximation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Electromagnetic Signal ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
The Arctic Region

As part of the RSF project, the use of a drifting surface on which geophysical installations will be placed is proposed to study the environment in the Arctic region. The proposed method of electrical exploration is sounding with a circular electric dipole as a source. Studying the applicability of the technique requires three–dimensional simulation of the received signal. The paper shows some simulation results using the previously proposed algorithm based on the Born approximation.

scholarly journals The Role of the Russian Language in the Historic and Cultural Development of the Arctic Region of the Russian Federation (as Exemplified by the Murmansk Region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.15) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Ivanishcheva ◽  
Anasstasija Vjacheslavovna Koreneva ◽  
Alexandra Vjacheslavovna Burtseva ◽  
Tatjana Alexandrovna Rychkova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article aims to analyze the functioning of the Russian language within the ethnic space of the Murmansk Region. The analysis of the state statistical and archive documents for the Murmansk Region has shown that the Russian language has dominated within the region since at least the 18th century, and this had its obvious economic and communicative advantages, in particular, in education. The Saami, the indigenous small-numbered people of the Murmansk Region, understood and mastered the conversational Russian language since the 18th century. The Russian language dominates within the current polyethnic linguistic environment of the Murmansk Region due to the numerical superiority of the Russians in the region, as well as due to its position as the language of the dominant ethnic group. 

scholarly journals Sources: Antarctica and the Arctic Circle: A Geographic Encyclopedia of the Earth's Polar Regions

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Lisa Euster
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Vast Area ◽  
The Arctic Region

Although calling itself a geographic encyclopedia, the scope of this two-volume set is broader than such a designation suggests. Hund has attempted to encompass a large range of information about a vast area, perhaps a bit much for a modest two-volume set. Attempting to address in a meaningful way topics in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and applied sciences for both poles in approximately 350 entries and fewer than 800 pages is ambitious. His stated "central feature . . . the original inhabitants of the Arctic region" (xi) would, alone, merit a work of this size. John Stewart's larger, two-volume Antarctica: An Encyclopedia, 2nd ed. (McFarland, 2011) is more limited in both geographical and topical scope.

scholarly journals The Arctic Five: search for a balance of power in the region

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-287
Author(s):  
I. S. Doroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The Arctic Region

Due to climate change, the Arctic region becomes a place of geopolitical rivalry of both Arctic and non-Arctic states. Traditional formats for determining the agenda in the region are effective, but with the advent of the interest of an increasing number of international actors, these formats are transforming, which may affect the balance of power in the region. The growing activity of Asian countries in the Arctic, primarily China, is forcing regional states to make adjustments to the development strategy of the region. The rapid renewal of its potential in the northern territories of Russia caused a negative reaction from the western countries, especially after 2014.Such aspirations have emerged as the internationalization of the region by Northern Europe and China, the desire to draw clear boundaries on the part of Russia and Canada, and the buildup of US influence on its colleagues in the North Atlantic bloc. This situation may cause an uncontrolled increase in tension in the region, especially if new alliances between the Arctic and non-Arctic countries are created. The author considers the current approaches of the countries of the Arctic five, analyzes the true motives of internationalization and the role of the format of the Arctic five in maintaining a balance of power and stability in the northern latitudes.

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SOUNDING SIGNALS FROM THE ARCTIC ICE SURFACE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Polina Osipova ◽  
Vladimir Mogilatov ◽  
Arkadiy Zlobinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Born Approximation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Electromagnetic Sounding ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
The Arctic Region

Electromagnetic sounding of the Arctic region is hampered by the influence of the conductive layer of seawater. As part of the RSF project, it is proposed to use a circular electrical dipole (CED) to excite the field. Installation should be placed on drifting ice. This technique requires three-dimensional modeling for which there are complex algorithms. The paper proposes an approach using the Born approximation to simplify the implementation of three-dimensional modeling of the electromagnetic sounding signal using CED.

NAVIGATION SHARING PROSPECTS GLONASS AND PSEUDOLITES FIELDS FOR NAVIGATION AND LANDING OF AIRCRAFT IN ARCTIC

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
V. I. Baburov ◽  
N. V. Vasileva ◽  
N. V. Ivantsevich
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic Region

In view of the development of the Arctic Region the problem of aircraft (AC) navigation support under arctic conditions throughout the flight, including the landing stage, acquires special momentum. Given that land-based navigation systems have a limited range which does not cover the Arctic Region and are significantly inferior to satellite radio navigation systems (SRNS), SRNS user navigation equipment (UNE) becomes extremely important for AC navigation and landing. The functioning of SRNS UNE in the polar regions is determined by the characteristics of the satellite signal propagation path under arctic conditions and considerable radio signal reflection from the underlying surface. Multipath errors are of special significance for low satellite elevations. If low satellites are excluded from processing by UNE while maintaining acceptable positioning accuracy, both the integral accuracy rates and accessibility may be improved. The paper analyses the composition and information characteristics of working satellite constellations in integrated GLONASS and pseudolites positioning in the Arctic region of Russia. Our study performed by simulation modelling has established considerable redundancy of working constellations at the nominal value of admissible satellite elevation. This factor has been studied for forming controllable working constellations in aircraft on board navigation and landing complex.

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