Gas and heat fluxes during multiple effusive eruptions of Piton de la Fournaise (Réunion) and their implications for magmatic processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Verdurme ◽  
Simon Carn ◽  
Andrew Harris ◽  
Diego Coppola ◽  
Andrea Di Muro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Melt Inclusions ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Piton De La Fournaise ◽  
Monitoring Instrument ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Satellite Instruments

<p>Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion, France) is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, producing frequent effusive basaltic eruptions of varying duration. These eruptions are accompanied by strong thermal infrared (TIR) signals and significant sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) emissions detected by satellite instruments. The high frequency of eruptions provides an extensive dataset, which allows us to explore the relationships between eruptive heat, mass and gas fluxes. Five eruptions with different temporal trends of erupted mass flux have been selected for this study: April 2007, May 2015, August-October 2015, February 2019 and April 2020. For each of them, we estimated SO<sub>2</sub> emission from three ultraviolet satellite instruments (the Ozone Monitoring Instrument OMI, the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite OMPS and the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument TROPOMI). The total SO<sub>2</sub> emission for each eruption has been estimated for an extensive range of sulfur (S) content within melt inclusions and the matrix using a petrological approach and the erupted magma masses obtained from MODIS TIR satellite data. Preliminary results show that, assuming the estimated SO<sub>2</sub> emission falls within the 30% error of the SO<sub>2</sub> mass detected by each satellite instrument, the implied magmatic sulfur contents are in good agreement with expected values for basaltic eruptions. Given pre-eruptive S contents between 200 and 750 ppm, estimated SO<sub>2</sub> emissions for the May 2015 eruption are consistent with an eruption largely fed by degassed magma. However, for the February 2019 eruption, there is a discrepancy between the three satellite sensors. Whereas the TROPOMI and the OMI instruments provide almost the same range of magmatic sulfur content (300-1100 ppm), the OMPS gives a higher range (700 to 1900 ppm) suggesting that fresh, undegassed magma was also involved in this eruption. Petrologic analysis of the pre-eruptive sulfur content will allow us to validate the satellite data and, in turn, to validate the ground-based SO<sub>2</sub> data from the NOVAC network operated by the Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF). Our approach yields insights into the characteristics of the magma reservoir supplying effusive events (e.g., eruptive degassing processes and the ratio of intrusive to extrusive magma) from space-based sensors.</p>

scholarly journals New methods for the retrieval of chlorophyll red fluorescence from hyperspectral satellite instruments: simulations and application to GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3939-3967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Joiner ◽  
Yasuko Yoshida ◽  
Luis Guanter ◽  
Elizabeth M. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Emission Feature ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Satellite Instruments

Abstract. Global satellite measurements of solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) from chlorophyll over land and ocean have proven useful for a number of different applications related to physiology, phenology, and productivity of plants and phytoplankton. Terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence is emitted throughout the red and far-red spectrum, producing two broad peaks near 683 and 736 nm. From ocean surfaces, phytoplankton fluorescence emissions are entirely from the red region (683 nm peak). Studies using satellite-derived SIF over land have focused almost exclusively on measurements in the far red (wavelengths  >  712 nm), since those are the most easily obtained with existing instrumentation. Here, we examine new ways to use existing hyperspectral satellite data sets to retrieve red SIF (wavelengths  <  712 nm) over both land and ocean. Red SIF is thought to provide complementary information to that from the far red for terrestrial vegetation. The satellite instruments that we use were designed to make atmospheric trace-gas measurements and are therefore not optimal for observing SIF; they have coarse spatial resolution and only moderate spectral resolution (0.5 nm). Nevertheless, these instruments, the Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument 2 (GOME-2) and the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY), offer a unique opportunity to compare red and far-red terrestrial SIF at regional spatial scales. Terrestrial SIF has been estimated with ground-, aircraft-, or satellite-based instruments by measuring the filling-in of atmospheric and/or solar absorption spectral features by SIF. Our approach makes use of the oxygen (O2) γ band that is not affected by SIF. The SIF-free O2 γ band helps to estimate absorption within the spectrally variable O2 B band, which is filled in by red SIF. SIF also fills in the spectrally stable solar Fraunhofer lines (SFLs) at wavelengths both inside and just outside the O2 B band, which further helps to estimate red SIF emission. Our approach is then an extension of previous approaches applied to satellite data that utilized only the filling-in of SFLs by red SIF. We conducted retrievals of red SIF using an extensive database of simulated radiances covering a wide range of conditions. Our new algorithm produces good agreement between the simulated truth and retrievals and shows the potential of the O2 bands for noise reduction in red SIF retrievals as compared with approaches that rely solely on SFL filling. Biases seen with existing satellite data, most likely due to instrumental artifacts that vary in time, space, and with instrument, must be addressed in order to obtain reasonable results. Our 8-year record of red SIF observations over land with the GOME-2 allows for the first time reliable global mapping of monthly anomalies. These anomalies are shown to have similar spatiotemporal structure as those in the far red, particularly for drought-prone regions. There is a somewhat larger percentage response in the red as compared with the far red for these areas that are drought sensitive. We also demonstrate that good-quality ocean fluorescence line height retrievals can be achieved with GOME-2, SCIAMACHY, and similar instruments by utilizing the full complement of radiance measurements that span the red SIF emission feature.

scholarly journals Lava Volume from Remote Sensing Data: Comparisons with Reverse Petrological Approaches for Two Types of Effusive Eruption

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Pauline Verdurme ◽  
Simon Carn ◽  
Andrew J. L. Harris ◽  
Diego Coppola ◽  
Andrea Di Muro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Spot Detection ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Cloudy Weather

Five effusive eruptions of Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion) are analyzed to investigate temporal trends of erupted mass and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Daily SO2 emissions are acquired from three ultraviolet (UV) satellite instruments (the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), and the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)) and an array of ground-based UV spectrometers (Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC)). Time-averaged lava discharge rates (TADRs) are obtained from two automatic satellite-based hot spot detection systems: MIROVA and MODVOLC. Assuming that the lava volumes measured in the field are accurate, the MIROVA system gave the best estimation of erupted volume among the methods investigated. We use a reverse petrological method to constrain pre-eruptive magmatic sulfur contents based on observed SO2 emissions and lava volumes. We also show that a direct petrological approach using SO2 data might be a viable alternative for TADR estimation during cloudy weather that compromises hot spot detection. In several eruptions we observed a terminal increase in TADR and SO2 emissions after initial emission of evolved degassed magma. We ascribe this to input of deeper, volatile-rich magma into the plumbing system towards the end of these eruptions. Furthermore, we find no evidence of volatile excess in the five eruptions studied, which were thus mostly fed by shallow degassed magma.

Science objectives of the ozone monitoring instrument

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Levelt ◽  
E. Hilsenrath ◽  
G.W. Leppelmeier ◽  
G.H.J. van den Oord ◽  
P.K. Bhartia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Ozone Monitoring

scholarly journals Simulation of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument aerosol index using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System aerosol reanalysis products

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4121-4134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Colarco ◽  
Santiago Gassó ◽  
Changwoo Ahn ◽  
Virginie Buchard ◽  
Arlindo M. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Model Atmosphere ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Aerosol Optical Property ◽  
Actual Surface ◽  
Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
Aerosol Index

Abstract. We provide an analysis of the commonly used Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aerosol index (AI) product for qualitative detection of the presence and loading of absorbing aerosols. In our analysis, simulated top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances are produced at the OMI footprints from a model atmosphere and aerosol profile provided by the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications aerosol reanalysis (MERRAero). Having established the credibility of the MERRAero simulation of the OMI AI in a previous paper we describe updates in the approach and aerosol optical property assumptions. The OMI TOA radiances are computed in cloud-free conditions from the MERRAero atmospheric state, and the AI is calculated. The simulated TOA radiances are fed to the OMI near-UV aerosol retrieval algorithms (known as OMAERUV) is compared to the MERRAero calculated AI. Two main sources of discrepancy are discussed: one pertaining to the OMI algorithm assumptions of the surface pressure, which are generally different from what the actual surface pressure of an observation is, and the other related to simplifying assumptions in the molecular atmosphere radiative transfer used in the OMI algorithms. Surface pressure assumptions lead to systematic biases in the OMAERUV AI, particularly over the oceans. Simplifications in the molecular radiative transfer lead to biases particularly in regions of topography intermediate to surface pressures of 600 and 1013.25 hPa. Generally, the errors in the OMI AI due to these considerations are less than 0.2 in magnitude, though larger errors are possible, particularly over land. We recommend that future versions of the OMI algorithms use surface pressures from readily available atmospheric analyses combined with high-spatial-resolution topographic maps and include more surface pressure nodal points in their radiative transfer lookup tables.

scholarly journals Retrieving vertical ozone profiles from measurements of global spectral irradiance

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4979-4994
Author(s):  
Germar Bernhard ◽  
Irina Petropavlovskikh ◽  
Bernhard Mayer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
New Method ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
Vertical Ozone ◽  
Vertical Ozone Profiles

Abstract. A new method is presented to determine vertical ozone profiles from measurements of spectral global (direct Sun plus upper hemisphere) irradiance in the ultraviolet. The method is similar to the widely used Umkehr technique, which inverts measurements of zenith sky radiance. The procedure was applied to measurements of a high-resolution spectroradiometer installed near the centre of the Greenland ice sheet. Retrieved profiles were validated with balloon-sonde observations and ozone profiles from the space-borne Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Depending on altitude, the bias between retrieval results presented in this paper and MLS observations ranges between −5 and +3 %. The magnitude of this bias is comparable, if not smaller, to values reported in the literature for the standard Dobson Umkehr method. Total ozone columns (TOCs) calculated from the retrieved profiles agree to within 0.7±2.0 % (±1σ) with TOCs measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on board the Aura satellite. The new method is called the Global-Umkehr method.

scholarly journals High resolution land surface fluxes from satellite data (HOLAPS v1.0): evaluation and uncertainty assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 10783-10841
Author(s):  
A. Loew ◽  
J. Peng ◽  
M. Borsche
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Essential Components

Abstract. Surface water and energy fluxes are essential components of the Earth system. Surface latent heat fluxes provide major energy input to the atmosphere. Despite the importance of these fluxes, state-of-the-art datasets of surface energy and water fluxes largely differ. The present paper introduces a new framework for the estimation of surface energy and water fluxes at the land surface, which allows for temporally and spatially high resolved flux estimates at the global scale (HOLAPS). The framework maximizes the usage of existing long-term satellite data records and ensures internally consistent estimates of the surface radiation and water fluxes. The manuscript introduces the technical details of the developed framework and provides results of a comprehensive sensitivity and evaluation study. Overall the results indicate very good agreement with in situ observations when compared against 49 FLUXNET stations worldwide. Largest uncertainties of latent heat flux and net radiation were found to result from uncertainties in the global solar radiation flux obtained from satellite data products.

scholarly journals Ozone monitoring instrument flight-model on-ground and inflight calibration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieternel F. Levelt ◽  
Gijsbertus van den Oord ◽  
Marcel Dobber ◽  
Ruud Dirksen ◽  
Glen Jaross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
Flight Model
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