scholarly journals Results from the intercalibration of optical low light calibration sources 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. U. E. Brändström ◽  
C.-F. Enell ◽  
O. Widell ◽  
T. Hansson ◽  
D. Whiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Low Light ◽  
European Meeting ◽  
Absolute Measurements ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Following the 38th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods in Siuntio in Finland, an intercalibration workshop for optical low light calibration sources was held in Sodankylä, Finland. The main purpose of this workshop was to provide a comparable scale for absolute measurements of aurora and airglow. All sources brought to the intercalibration workshop were compared to the Fritz Peak reference source using the Lindau Calibration Photometer built by Wilhelm Barke and Hans Lauche in 1984. The results were compared to several earlier intercalibration workshops. It was found that most sources were fairly stable over time, with errors in the range of 5–25%. To further validate the results, two sources were also intercalibrated at UNIS, Longyearbyen, Svalbard. Preliminary analysis indicates agreement with the intercalibration in Sodankylä within about 15–25%.

scholarly journals Results from the intercalibration of optical low-light calibration sources 2011

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
B. U. E. Brändström ◽  
C.-F. Enell ◽  
O. Widell ◽  
T. Hansson ◽  
D. Whiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Low Light ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Standard Source ◽  
Absolute Measurements ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. Following the 38th Annual Meeting on Atmospheric studies by Optical methods at Siuntio in Finland, an intercalibration workshop for optical low-light calibration sources was held in Sodankylä, Finland. The main purpose of this workshop was to provide a comparable scale for absolute measurements of aurora and airglow. All sources brought to the intercalibration workshop were compared to an international standard source (Fritz-Peak) using the Lindau Calibration Photometer built by Wilhelm Barke and Hans Lauche in 1984. The international standard source is on loan from Michael Gadsden, Aberdeen. The results were compared to several earlier intercalibration workshops. It was found that most sources were fairly stable over time with errors in the range of 5–20%. To further validate the results, two sources were also intercalibrated at UNIS, Longyearbyen, Svalbard. Preliminary analysis indicate good agreement with the intercalibration in Sodankylä.

Intra-sectoral and Intersectoral Parity Issues in Pricing of Agricultural Crops: A Preliminary Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-417
Author(s):  
Sarfraz K. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Over Time

Intersectoral terms of trade play a cruc1al role in determining the sectoral distribution of income and resource allocation in the developing countries. The significance of intra-sectoral terms of trade for the allocation of resources within the agricultural sector is also widely accepted by research scholars and policy-makers. In the context of planned development, the government specifies production targets for the agricultural sector and for different crops. The intervention of government in the field of price determination has important implications for the achievement of planned targets. In Pakistan, there is a feeling among many groups including farmers and politicians with a rural background that prices of agricultural crops have not kept their parities intact over time and that prices generally do not cover the costs of production. The feeling that production incentives for agriculture have been eroded is especially strong for the period since the early 1970s. It is argued that strong inflationary pressures supported by a policy of withdrawal of government subsidies on agricultural inputs have resulted in rapid increases in the prices paid by agriculturists and that increases in the prices received by farmers were not enough to compensate them for the rising prices of agricultural inputs and consumption goods.

Absolute measurements of the activity of an I nuclid in a reference source

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1070-1073
Author(s):  
E. A. Aristov ◽  
V. A. Bazhenov ◽  
Yu. S. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Reference Source ◽  
Absolute Measurements

scholarly journals Numerical validation of a method determining thermal diffusivity based on a measurement of a temperature profile

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Mariusz Owczarek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Parameter ◽  
Element Approximation ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Building Element ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Fourier Equation ◽  
Over Time

The knowledge of dynamic thermal properties of building elements is necessary to investigate temperature and heat flux changes in natural daily and annual cycles. The basic dynamic parameter is thermal diffusivity. A method for determining its value for real objects has been proposed. This method is based on measuring the temperature in the element’s volume and on assuming that the obtained results meet the Fourier equation. Validation by a numerical experiment was made. The wall of the building with known thermal parameters was assumed and the temperature distribution was calculated over time in the process of non-stationary heat exchange. From the results, the diffusivity value was calculated and compared with the data entered into the model. Validations were performed for several accuracy of the temperature value and for two forms of function which approximated the temperature values obtained from calculation. A preliminary analysis of errors has been carried out. Keywords: measurements of thermal diffusivity, temperature distribution in a building element, approximation, heat transfer

scholarly journals Dynamics of the neuronal intermediate filaments.

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Okabe ◽  
H Miyasaka ◽  
N Hirokawa
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Low Light ◽  
L Protein ◽  
Photobleaching Recovery ◽  
Living Neurons ◽  
Turn Over

We have analyzed the dynamics of neuronal intermediate filaments in living neurons by using the method of photobleaching of fluorescently-labeled neurofilament L protein and immunoelectron microscopy of incorporation sites of biotinylated neurofilament L protein. Low-light-level imaging and photobleaching of growing axons of mouse sensory neurons did not affect the rate of either axonal growth or the addition of intermediate filament structures at the axon terminal, suggesting that any perturbations caused by these optical methods would be minimal. After laser photobleaching, recovery of fluorescence did occur slowly with a recovery half-time of 40 min. Furthermore, we observed a more rapid fluorescence recovery in growing axons than in quiescent ones, indicating a growth-dependent regulation of the turnover rate. Incorporation sites of biotin-labeled neurofilament L protein were localized as numerous discrete sites along the axon, and they slowly elongated to become continuous arrays 24 h after injection. Collectively, these results indicate that neuronal intermediate filaments in growing axons turn over within the small area of the axoplasm possibly by the mechanism of lateral and segmental incorporation of new subunits.

Strategies for Maintaining Change Over Time

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Sulzer-Azaroff
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
Rule Governance ◽  
Lasting Change ◽  
Over Time

Relapse following a behaviour modification program is not unusual, especially when contingencies indigenous to the system tend to favor baseline performance. To avoid such a risk, a preliminary analysis of current and past contingencies operating within the system needs to be conducted. Sometimes, alterations need to be made to permit specific strategies of change to match system demands. Important to examine also are the target response's schedule history, contemporary rates, degree of fluency, intrinsically reinforcing and/or punishing properties and the stimuli, such as rules, routine events and others that set the stage for its occurrence. Rule governance and time management may be especially helpful in the latter regard. Ultimately, lasting change depends upon both the immediate and ultimate long range impact of an intervention upon a system. Benefits must outweigh costs right away and later on, and be clearly reflected on the bottom line.

Achieved Eminence in 80 Female Psychologists: Family, Marriage, Children, Education, Career, and Contributions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (Fall 2018) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dean Keith Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Children Education ◽  
Over Time

Although a large body of empirical research has shed considerable light on the attainment of eminence in psychology, this literature has focused almost exclusively on samples of eminent males. Yet there is sufficient reason to expect that eminent female psychologists do not neces- sarily follow the same life and career pathways as do eminent male psychologists. To help rem- edy this deficiency, the current historiometric study concentrates on a sample of 80 eminent female psychologists born between 1847 and 1950. After obtaining three reliable eminence measures, variables were defined with respect to family background (parental occupations and sibling configurations), marriage and children (including divorce), education and career devel- opment (especially the attainment of higher degrees and full professorships), and professional contributions (to 20 different specialty areas). Even after controlling for potential artifacts due to year of birth and reference source, statistically and substantively significant correlations were found in all four sets of variables. Even though the pattern of findings sometimes closely paral- leled what was found for eminent male psychologists, other times the results strongly diverged. Because these divergences most likely reflected traditional gender roles and gender-biased pol- icies, female and male routes to eminence should progressively converge over time, if they have not done so already. Finally, some findings based on this all-female sample deserve empirical examination in comparable male samples.

scholarly journals Integration of absolute multi-omics reveals dynamic protein-to-RNA ratios and metabolic interplay within mixed-domain microbiomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Delogu ◽  
B. J. Kunath ◽  
P. N. Evans ◽  
M. Ø. Arntzen ◽  
T. R. Hvidsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Biological Feature ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Community Function ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Absolute Measurements ◽  
Per Gene ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Abstract While the field of microbiology has adapted to the study of complex microbiomes via modern meta-omics techniques, we have not updated our basic knowledge regarding the quantitative levels of DNA, RNA and protein molecules within a microbial cell, which ultimately control cellular function. Here we report the temporal measurements of absolute RNA and protein levels per gene within a mixed bacterial-archaeal consortium. Our analysis of this data reveals an absolute protein-to-RNA ratio of 102–104 for bacterial populations and 103–105 for an archaeon, which is more comparable to Eukaryotic representatives’ humans and yeast. Furthermore, we use the linearity between the metaproteome and metatranscriptome over time to identify core functional guilds, hence using a fundamental biological feature (i.e., RNA/protein levels) to highlight phenotypical complementarity. Our findings show that upgrading multi-omic toolkits with traditional absolute measurements unlocks the scaling of core biological questions to dynamic and complex microbiomes, creating a deeper insight into inter-organismal relationships that drive the greater community function.

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