Intra-sectoral and Intersectoral Parity Issues in Pricing of Agricultural Crops: A Preliminary Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-417
Author(s):  
Sarfraz K. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Over Time

Intersectoral terms of trade play a cruc1al role in determining the sectoral distribution of income and resource allocation in the developing countries. The significance of intra-sectoral terms of trade for the allocation of resources within the agricultural sector is also widely accepted by research scholars and policy-makers. In the context of planned development, the government specifies production targets for the agricultural sector and for different crops. The intervention of government in the field of price determination has important implications for the achievement of planned targets. In Pakistan, there is a feeling among many groups including farmers and politicians with a rural background that prices of agricultural crops have not kept their parities intact over time and that prices generally do not cover the costs of production. The feeling that production incentives for agriculture have been eroded is especially strong for the period since the early 1970s. It is argued that strong inflationary pressures supported by a policy of withdrawal of government subsidies on agricultural inputs have resulted in rapid increases in the prices paid by agriculturists and that increases in the prices received by farmers were not enough to compensate them for the rising prices of agricultural inputs and consumption goods.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENANGANI HARGA CABAI MERAH KERITING (capsicum annum L) (Studi Kasus Tinjauan Kebijakan Pemerintah pada Harga Cabai Merah keriting) di Sentra Produksi Kecamatan Cikajang dan Pasar Induk Kramat Jati Jakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Dety Sukmawati ◽  
Lies Sulistyowati ◽  
Maman H. Karmana ◽  
E Kusnadi Wikarta
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Field School ◽  
The Government ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Made In

Price is a major factor, therefore, that the policy of raising agricultural output through price incentives to succeed, the government must know exactly how the response of supply / supply in the agricultural sector to price changes. The response will vary according to the type of commodity even among the farmers in the category of the same plant, depending on the purpose of the farmers do farming and economic conditions. The amount of supply response is also very informative for policy makers in evaluating policy -pembuat made in the field pertanian.Penelitian descriptively based on data from the Provincial Agriculture Office, 2015 West Java, Central Market Analysis of Agricultural Products Production Centers Cikajang Garutdan District Information Center Market Commodity Price Kramat Jati Jakarta. Policy directives coming horticultural commodities focused on chili, red onion and orange. Although the production of chili western Java had a surplus in terms of supply nationally, but the price of red chilli curls in particular always fluctuates, so if there is a price increase indicated a shortage of supply or shortage of production, so that the planting area three commodities were directed not at the park area, but the area outside the area and planting and planted not in the rainy season, but farmers are directed to plant in the dry season. The policy comprises: the pattern of production, regional development, institutional strengthening farmers, build supply chain and minimize supply chain, new technologies to increase production, the development of the field school, land registration and certification of products.

Using Self Organizing Maps for Banking Oversight

2016 ◽  
pp. 1306-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Lopez-Iturriaga ◽  
Iván Pastor-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Bankruptcy Prediction ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Savings Banks ◽  
Visual Tool ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Self Organizing

This chapter combines two methods based on neural networks (trait recognition and self-organizing maps) to develop a model of bankruptcy prediction. The authors apply the method to the Spanish savings banks, most of them rescued by the Government between 2008 and 2013 in a costly massive process. First, the authors detect the combinations of variables (performance, asset structure, and capitalization) that best describe the profile of the rescued savings banks. Then, the authors use these combinations on a yearly basis to generate bi-dimensional maps in which banks are placed according to their risk and similarities. This method provides a visual tool that can improve the oversight of policy makers on the whole financial system and enable time pertinent answers to some threatens to the country financial stability. The maps are useful means to detect and understand how the financial threats emerge over time too.

scholarly journals Impact of agricultural supports on competitiveness of agricultural products

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 286-295
Author(s):  
Hasan Arisoy
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Political Variable ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The agricultural sector is being supported in Turkey, as well as in the world. The issue of competitiveness is observed in agriculture, despite supports. This study aims at investigating the impact of agricultural supports in Turkey on competitiveness of agricultural products. Vector autoregression (VAR) model has been adopted in the study. The internal terms of trade (TOT), percentage producer support estimate (PSE), and the producer nominal protection coefficient (NPC) variables have been included in the model. The internal terms of trade in Turkey have developed over time against the benefit of agricultural sector. PSE has had a significant impact on TOT. Therefore, the use of PSE as a political variable has been concluded as a significant. Means of support must be discussed in Turkey more than the amount of supports. In particular, supports that will provide farmers with competitive advantage and boost up product farmyard prices will be more efficient and beneficial for farmers.

scholarly journals Lessons from COVID-19 Pandemic: A Preliminary Analysis of Bangladesh’s Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Rifat Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Crisis Responses ◽  
Second Wave

The first wave of the COVID- 19 disease has caused a daunting and unprecedented challenge for governments of the world. Decision-makers worldwide, including that of Bangladesh, had to initiate responses that were beyond the conventional measures. This paper offers the decision-makers in Bangladesh on the possible learning in the field of crisis management during this pandemic. The paper aims in focusing on the first phase of responses to COVID-19 (March-May) from the initial lockdown to the reopening of offices by the government of Bangladesh. Methodologically, the paper is a content analysis involving netnography approach of data collection from websites. The paper presents a finding of possible lessons of crisis responses in Bangladesh. The paper aims to create an agenda for learning lessons from the situation of the largest crisis to hit the world in centuries. The paper induces substantial value for policy-makers to be prepared for the second wave of the COVID- 19 crisis, to meet the challenges of the pandemic.

Domestic Terms of Trade and Public Policy for Agriculture in Pakistan

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 363-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfraz K. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Statistical Series ◽  
Complete Neglect ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Despite the crucial importance of information on intersectoral terms of trade in the formulation of a host of public policies, the official statistical system in Pakistan is yet to generate a statistical series of the terms of trade for the .agricultural sector on a regular basis. A number of views expressed on Pakistan's agriculture appear to be based either on results of studies that are now outdated, or on a complete neglect of the existing data that could be processed to calculate the terms-of. trade indices. This paper attempts to provide information on the movement of terms of trade for the agricultural sector for the period from 1951-52 to 1983-84. The impact of changes in terms of trade on farm output, distribution of income and efficient use of resources is also traced.

AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN POST SAP ERA NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Aderemi Timothy Ayomitunde ◽  
Abalaba Bamidele Pereowei ◽  
Adeniran Aderinsola Abosede ◽  
Amadi Chibuike Eusebius
Keyword(s):  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Government

This study investigated the role of agriculture in generating employment in post SAP era Nigeria. This study was motivated as a result of lack of sufficient studies regarding this subject matter in the recent time. Data were sourced from the CBN Statistical Bulletin and Cointegration, DOLS and Granger Causality Approach was used to address the objective of this study. Consequently, the major findings that emerged in this study are as follows: agricultural sector contributed to employment generation in the country, though not significant in the post SAP era. Similarly, inflation rate has a positive impact on employment generation in the economy. However, the contribution of agricultural expenditure to the employment generation was negative in the country. Furthermore, one way feedback flows from employment to agricultural expenditure and expenditure on agriculture granger causes inflation rate in the economy. Moreover, based on these findings the following recommendations could be made for the policy makers in Nigeria that agricultural sector has the capacity to address the current unemployment menace among the youths in Nigeria. Also, the government should possess a political goodwill to diversify the current mono-cultural nature of the economy towards agricultural sector by proper funding of this sector of the economy

scholarly journals Impact of farm protectionism on the use of agricultural inputs in Chile

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0107
Author(s):  
Gabriel Pino ◽  
Ariel Soto-Caro
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Agricultural Protectionism ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Despite evidence highlighting the multiple benefits that liberalization can have in the agricultural sector, agricultural protectionism is abundant, especially in developing countries. Chile provides an interesting case on this topic because it implemented an aggressive liberalization in the agricultural sector during the 1970s and 1980s. This paper analyzes the impact of farm protectionism on the use of agricultural inputs in Chile. To do this, we estimated partial elasticities of substitution by incorporating government protectionism as a factor for agricultural production. Our findings reveal that increased protectionism decreases agricultural labor and promotes the use of fixed capital. In contrast, protectionism has no effect on the use of working capital and land. This information shows a clear transference from the government to farmers. Furthermore, our results are useful for anticipating the effects that varying levels of government protectionism can have on the Chilean agricultural sector over time.

Using Self Organizing Maps for Banking Oversight

2016 ◽  
pp. 116-140
Author(s):  
Felix Lopez-Iturriaga ◽  
Iván Pastor-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Bankruptcy Prediction ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Savings Banks ◽  
Visual Tool ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Self Organizing

This chapter combines two methods based on neural networks (trait recognition and self-organizing maps) to develop a model of bankruptcy prediction. The authors apply the method to the Spanish savings banks, most of them rescued by the Government between 2008 and 2013 in a costly massive process. First, the authors detect the combinations of variables (performance, asset structure, and capitalization) that best describe the profile of the rescued savings banks. Then, the authors use these combinations on a yearly basis to generate bi-dimensional maps in which banks are placed according to their risk and similarities. This method provides a visual tool that can improve the oversight of policy makers on the whole financial system and enable time pertinent answers to some threatens to the country financial stability. The maps are useful means to detect and understand how the financial threats emerge over time too.

scholarly journals Pedological risks in Romania. Preliminary analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Sanda Roșca ◽  
Șt. Bilașco ◽  
I. Fodorean
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Agricultural Potential

The pedological resources of a territory lay at the basis of agricultural potential, because they have a direct influence on the favorability or restrictiveness of a territory for a certain use. Therefore, the study of the physical-chemical and morphological characteristics of soils becomes very important when one proposes economically viable agricultural crops. The restrictive climatic and morphological factors may have isolated or cumulative negative effects on the agricultural sector in a certain territory, but the pedological risks are most difficult to mitigate. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of pedological risk classes across Romania, assessing the scientific literature in the field, and to highlight the regions comprising the largest areas affected by soil-related risks.

scholarly journals Risk Taking and Fiscal Smoothing with Sovereign Wealth Funds in Advanced Economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snorre Lindset ◽  
Knut Anton Mork
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Risky Assets ◽  
The Government ◽  
Utility Preferences ◽  
Portfolio Policy ◽  
Over Time

In an economy with a sovereign wealth fund (SWF), the government may draw on the fund to supplement other government revenues. If the fund is invested in risky assets, this introduces a new stochastic element into the government’s budget. We analyze the interaction between the draw from and risk taking in the SWF. Using non-expected utility preferences, we distinguish between intended changes and stochastic changes in the SWF draws over time. We show that the desire for smoothness in taxes and public services translates into smoothing of SWF draws and lower risk taking. It can even lead to procyclical rebalancing of the SWF portfolio. Future interest rates are associated with interest-rate risk. We show that this risk may lead to a higher optimal equity share in the SWF portfolio. Policy makers can use the draws from the SWF to smooth over time variation in risk-free rates.

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