scholarly journals Effects of summer drought on peat soil solution chemistry in an acid gully mire

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hughes ◽  
B. Reynolds ◽  
J. A. Hudson ◽  
C. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Soil Solution Chemistry ◽  
Simulated Drought

Abstract. In a field experiment to investigate potential impacts of climatic change, a small area of flush wetland in Wales was subjected to three successive years of simulated summer drought/rewetting (autumn-spring) cycles (1992–94). Drought was simulated achieved by diverting stream water around the experimental wetland during the summer, so that the wetland received only precipitation inputs during that time. The effects on peat-water chemistry in the rhizosphere were monitored at regular intervals until spring 1996, and comparisons made with a control. Simulated summer drought decreased, significantly, the natural summer peaks in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and iron, whilst subsequently increasing the natural autumn-winter peaks in sulphate concentrations and acidity in the peat water. The effects of simulated drought on SO4 concentrations in the peat water compared favourably with subsequent events monitored following a natural summer drought in 1995. Autumn-winter peaks in SO4 concentrations in the control wetland following the natural drought were of similar magnitude to those induced by the drought simulated in the experimental wetland in the previous three years.

Effects of forest-floor disturbance on soil-solution nutrient composition in a black spruce ecosystem

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 894-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Van Cleve ◽  
C. T. Dyrness
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Soil Solution Chemistry ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Forest Floor Disturbance ◽  
Consistent Treatment

This study summarizes the effects of forest-floor disturbance on soil-solution chemistry. For comparative purposes chemical analyses are also presented of soil solution collected beneath undisturbed black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands, stream water, and precipitation in the same area. The disturbance treatments were superimposed on the forest floor following removal of the black spruce overstory. These included burning of the forest floor, and mechanical removal of one-half and all of the forest floor. Conductivity, pH, and the concentrations of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], phosphates, K, Ca, and Mg were determined in the various water samples. Only in the case of the most severe treatments, one-half and all of the forest floor removed, was there substantial changes in conductivity, pH, and the concentrations of Ca and Mg. Potassium and P showed no consistent treatment effects. Lack of significant change in solution N concentration may reflect increased microbial activity and N immobilization in the forest floor in response to disturbance.

scholarly journals Spatially resolved soil solution chemistry in a central European atmospherically polluted high-elevation catchment

SOIL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Petrash ◽  
Frantisek Buzek ◽  
Martin Novak ◽  
Bohuslava Cejkova ◽  
Pavel Kram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
Soil Solution Chemistry ◽  
Central European ◽  
Anions And Cations

Abstract. We collected soil solutions by suction lysimeters in a central European temperate forest with a history of acidification-related spruce die-back in order to interpret spatial patterns of soil nutrient partitioning, compare them with stream water chemistry and evaluate these parameters relative to concurrent loads of anions and cations in precipitation. Five lysimeter nests were installed in the 33 ha U dvou loucek (UDL) mountain catchment at different topographic positions (hilltops, slopes and valley). Following equilibration, monthly soil solution samples were interrogated over a 2-year period with regard to their SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and total dissolved Al concentrations, organic carbon (DOC) and pH. Soil pits were excavated in the vicinity of each lysimeter nest to also constrain soil chemistry. For an estimation of phosphorus (P) availability, ammonium oxalate extraction of soil samples was performed. Cation exchange capacity (CEC ≤58 meq kg−1) and base saturation (BS ≤13 %) were found to be significantly lower at UDL than in other monitored central European small catchments areas. Spatial trends and seasonality in soil solution chemistry support belowground inputs from mineral-stabilized legacy pollutants. Overall, the soil solution data suggest that the ecosystem was still chemically out of balance relative to the concurrent loads of anions and cations in precipitation, documenting incomplete recovery from acidification. Nearly 30 years after peak acidification, UDL exhibited similar soil solution concentrations of SO42, Ca2+ and Mg2+ as median values at the Pan-European International Co-operative Program (ICP) Forest sites with similar bedrock lithology and vegetation cover, yet NO3- concentrations were an order of magnitude higher. When concentrations of SO42-, NO3- and base cations in runoff are compared to soil pore waters, higher concentration in runoff points to lateral surficial leaching of pollutants and nutrients in excess than from topsoil to subsoil. With P availability being below the lowest range observed in soil plots from the Czech Republic, the managed forest ecosystem in UDL probably reflects growing inputs of C from regenerating vegetation in the N-saturated soil, which leads to P depletion in the soil. In addition, the observed spatial variability provides evidence pointing to substrate variability, C and P bioavailability, and landscape as major controls over base metal leaching toward the subsoil level in N-saturated catchments.

Increased soil nitrate losses under mature sugar maple trees affected by experimentally induced deep frost

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Boutin ◽  
Gilles Robitaille
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Soil Solution Chemistry ◽  
Canopy Soil

This work reports and discusses data gathered during soil solution monitoring that was part of an experiment conducted in the Duchesnay Experimental Forest (Quebec, Canada) to study the effects of induced deep frost, superficial frost, and superficial frost plus drought on mature sugar maple trees (Acersaccharum Marsh.). Frost treatment was applied by preventing snow from accumulating under the canopy. Soil solution chemistry was modified when mature sugar maple trees declined after exposure to a severe deep frost. The first vegetation period after treatment showed that losses of NO3− below the rooting zone were greatly increased under affected trees. The leaching rate of NO3− and basic cations was directly related to the level of change in canopy dieback and transparency. A mean NO3− concentration of 630 μmolc•L−1 (53 times the controls; max. 4500 μmolc•L−1) was measured in soil solution under the deep frost treated trees. The leaching rate of K+ (18×, relative to the control) and Mn2+ (11×) was higher than that of Mg2+ (5×) and Ca2+ (2.6×). Acidification of the soil solution (50% more H+) as a result of intense nitrification caused an increase in aluminum concentration (5×) and a decrease in SO42−. The acidification during the year after treatment was equivalent to decades of atmospheric acid deposition. The seasonal mean of SO42− did not differ between treatments, but there was evidence of a significant correlation between pH and SO42− in soil solution. Concentration of NH4+ was also enhanced but to a lesser degree (10×) than that of NO3−. Specific conductivity was a good predictor of NO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, and total Al in soil solution. The ion balance shifted from an anion deficit to a strong cation deficit when NO3− concentrations were high. Superficial frost with or without induced summer drought did not cause any significant change in soil solution chemistry compared with the controls. These results indicated the necessity to consider perturbations induced by extreme climate conditions, like deep soil frost, for the interpretation of soil solution chemistry data in the context of acid deposition studies and forest health.

Trends in hydrometeorological conditions and stream water organic carbon in boreal forested catchments

2009 ◽  
Vol 408 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakari Sarkkola ◽  
Harri Koivusalo ◽  
Ari Laurén ◽  
Pirkko Kortelainen ◽  
Tuija Mattsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
Hydrometeorological Conditions

scholarly journals Salinization alters fluxes of bioreactive elements from stream ecosystems across land use

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 7331-7347 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duan ◽  
S. S. Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Stream Ecosystems ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Riparian Soils

Abstract. There has been increased salinization of fresh water over decades due to the use of road salt deicers, wastewater discharges, saltwater intrusion, human-accelerated weathering, and groundwater irrigation. Salinization can mobilize bioreactive elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur) chemically via ion exchange and/or biologically via influencing of microbial activity. However, the effects of salinization on coupled biogeochemical cycles are still not well understood. We investigated potential impacts of increased salinization on fluxes of bioreactive elements from stream ecosystems (sediments and riparian soils) to overlying stream water and evaluated the implications of percent urban land use on salinization effects. Two-day incubations of sediments and soils with stream and deionized water across three salt levels were conducted at eight routine monitoring stations across a land-use gradient at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Results indicated (1) salinization typically increased sediment releases of labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total dissolved Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) (ammonium + ammonia + dissolved organic nitrogen), and sediment transformations of nitrate; (2) salinization generally decreased DOC aromaticity and fluxes of soluble reactive phosphorus from both sediments and soils; (3) the effects of increased salinization on sediment releases of DOC and TKN and DOC quality increased with percentage watershed urbanization. Biogeochemical responses to salinization varied between sediments and riparian soils in releases of DOC and DIC, and nitrate transformations. The differential responses of riparian soils and sediments to increased salinization were likely due to differences in organic matter sources and composition. Our results suggest that short-term increases in salinization can cause releases of significant amounts of labile organic carbon and nitrogen from stream substrates and organic transformations of nitrogen and phosphorus in urban watersheds. Given that salinization of fresh water will increase in the future due to human activities, significant impacts on carbon and nutrient mobilization and water quality should be anticipated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document