scholarly journals Spatio-temporal assessment of annual water-balance model for Upper Ganga Basin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Kumar Shukla ◽  
Shray Pathak ◽  
Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha ◽  
Ana Mijic ◽  
Rahul Dev Garg
Keyword(s):  
Balance Model ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Yield Estimation ◽  
Ganga Basin ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Zhang Model

Abstract. The Upper Ganga Basin, Uttarakhand, India has high hydropower potential and plays an important role in development of state economy. Thus, knowledge about water yield is of paramount importance to this region. The paper deals with use of contemporary water yield estimation models, such as the distributed model (InVEST), Lumped Zhang model and their validation to identify the most suited one for water yield estimation in this region. Earlier, while utilizing these models, attempts were made to consider a single value of some important model parameters which in fact show a variation at a pixel level scale. Therefore, in this study, the pixel level computations are performed to assess and ascertain their need in model applications. To validate the findings, the observed sub-basin discharge data is analyzed with the computed water yield for four decades, i.e. 1980, 1990, 2001 and 2015. The results obtained are in good agreement with the water yields obtained at pixel scale.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal assessment of annual water balance models for upper Ganga Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5357-5371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Kumar Shukla ◽  
Shray Pathak ◽  
Lalit Pal ◽  
Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha ◽  
Ana Mijic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Yield ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Yield Estimation ◽  
Ganga Basin ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Invest Model ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Integrated Valuation ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Pixel Scale

Abstract. The upper Ganga Basin in Uttarakhand, India, has high hydropower potential and plays an important role in the development of the state economy. Thus, an accurate knowledge of annual water yield is of paramount importance to this region. This paper deals with use of contemporary water yield estimation models such as the distributed Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and the Lumped Zhang model and their validation to identify the most suited one for water yield estimation in the upper Ganga Basin. In previous studies utilizing these models, water yield was estimated by considering a single value of some important model parameters for the entire basin, which in fact show distributed variation at a finer (pixel) scale. Therefore, in this study, pixel-level computations are performed to assess and ascertain the need for incorporating the spatial variation of such parameters in model applications. To validate the findings, the observed sub-basin discharge data are analyzed with the computed water yield for 4 decades, i.e., 1980, 1990, 2001 and 2015. The results obtained are in good agreement with the water yield obtained at the pixel scale.

scholarly journals Assessment of spatially explicit annual water-balance model for Sutlej River Basin in eastern Himalayas and Tungabhadra River Basin in peninsular India

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 542-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Goyal ◽  
Manas Khan
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Eastern Himalayas ◽  
Invest Model ◽  
Integrated Valuation ◽  
Zhang Model

In this paper, Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) water yield model, based on the Budyko framework which is relatively simple and requires less data, has been applied in Sutlej River Basin, located in the eastern Himalayas and in Tungabhadra River Basin, located in peninsular India. The effect of extrapolation of the lumped Zhang model to distributed model (InVEST) has also been analyzed. We also determined the most suitable method for calculating reference evapotranspiration among three different methods, i.e., modified Hargreaves, normal Hargreaves and Hamon's equation. It was found that modified Hargreaves method is the most suitable one under limited data conditions although in certain stations in Tungabhadra River Basin, this method is not applicable. We also observed that the InVEST model performed well in the Sutlej River Basin although a certain proportion of the basin is snow covered. The results from the study also show that errors in climate inputs will have significant influence on water yield as compared to other parameters, i.e., seasonality constant (Z) and evapotranspiration coefficient (KC). In the case of the crop dominated Tungabhadra River Basin, both seasonality constant (Z) and evapotranspiration coefficient (KC) have comparatively greater sensitivity as compared to the Sutlej River Basin.

scholarly journals Hydrologic modeling of a Himalayan mountain basin by using the SWAT mode

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad K. Jain ◽  
Sanjay K. Jain ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Chong-Yu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Himalayan Mountain

Abstract. A large population depends on runoff from Himalayan rivers which have high hydropower potential; floods in these rivers are also frequent. Current understanding of hydrologic response mechanism of these rivers and impact of climate change is inadequate due to limited studies. This paper presents results of modeling to understand the hydrologic response and compute the water balance components of a Himalayan river basin in India viz. Ganga up to Devprayag. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied for simulation of the snow/rainfed catchment. SWAT was calibrated with daily streamflow data for 1992–98 and validated with data for 1999–2005. Manual calibration was carried out to determine model parameters and quantify uncertainty. Results indicate good simulation of streamflow; main contribution to water yield is from lateral and ground water flow. Water yield and ET for the catchments varies between 43–46 % and 57–58 % of precipitation, respectively. The contribution of snowmelt to lateral runoff for Ganga River ranged between 13–20 %. More attention is needed to strengthen spatial and temporal hydrometeorological database for the study basins for improved modeling.

Study on Calculation of Ecological Footprint Model Parameters of Beijing Urban Water Resources

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Li Ying ◽  
Ting Ting Guo ◽  
Pan Pan Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Footprint Model ◽  
Ecological Carrying Capacity ◽  
Yield Factor ◽  
Balance Factor

The conception and study status of ecological footprint of water resource were summarized and the research of two ecological footprint model parameters, ie equilibrium factors and yield factors were analyzed and compared. On this basis, the calculation of ecological footprint model parameters of the Beijing urban water resources, ie balance factor and yield factor were proposed. Water balance factors of Beijing urban water resources and water yield per unit area and water yield factor of Beijing Fangshan, Pinggu, Yanqing were calculated, thus provide reference for appraisal of ecological carrying capacity of Beijing urban water resources.

scholarly journals Estimates of Uncertainty in Predictions of Global Mean Surface Temperature

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kettleborough ◽  
B. B. B. Booth ◽  
P. A. Stott ◽  
M. R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Global Mean Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract A method for estimating uncertainty in future climate change is discussed in detail and applied to predictions of global mean temperature change. The method uses optimal fingerprinting to make estimates of uncertainty in model simulations of twentieth-century warming. These estimates are then projected forward in time using a linear, compact relationship between twentieth-century warming and twenty-first-century warming. This relationship is established from a large ensemble of energy balance models. By varying the energy balance model parameters an estimate is made of the error associated with using the linear relationship in forecasts of twentieth-century global mean temperature. Including this error has very little impact on the forecasts. There is a 50% chance that the global mean temperature change between 1995 and 2035 will be greater than 1.5 K for the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1FI scenario. Under SRES B2 the same threshold is not exceeded until 2055. These results should be relatively robust to model developments for a given radiative forcing history.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variation of water supply in Guizhou Province, China

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiqing Han ◽  
Yuxiang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Invest Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Water supply is an important freshwater ecosystem service provided by ecosystems. Water shortages resulting from spatio-temporal heterogeneity of climate condition or human activities present serious problems in the Guizhou Province of southwest China. This study aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal changes of water supply service using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model, explore how climate and land-use changes impact water supply provision, and discuss the impact of parameters associated with climate and land-use in the InVEST model on water supply in the region. We used data and the model to forecast trends for the year 2030 and found that water supply has been declining in the region at the watershed scale since 1990. Climate and land-use change played important roles in affecting the water supply. Water supply was overwhelmingly driven by the reference evapotranspiration and annual average precipitation, while the plant evapotranspiration coefficients for each land-use type had a relatively small effect. The method for sensitivity analysis developed in this study allowed exploration of the relative importance of parameters in the InVEST water yield model. The Grain-for-Green project, afforestation, and urban expansion control should be accelerated in this region to protect the water supply.

scholarly journals Conditioning rainfall-runoff model parameters for ungauged catchments and land management impacts analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bulygina ◽  
N. McIntyre ◽  
H. Wheater
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Space ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Simulated Event ◽  
Base Flow Index

Abstract. Data scarcity and model over-parameterisation, leading to model equifinality and large prediction uncertainty, are common barriers to effective hydrological modelling. The problem can be alleviated by constraining the prior parameter space using parameter regionalisation. A common basis for regionalisation in the UK is the HOST database which provides estimates of hydrological indices for different soil classifications. In our study, Base Flow Index is estimated from the HOST database and the power of this index for constraining the parameter space is explored. The method is applied to a highly discretised distributed model of a 12.5 km2 upland catchment in Wales. To assess probabilistic predictions against flow observations, a probabilistic version of the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency is derived. For six flow gauges with reliable data, this efficiency ranged between 0.70 and 0.81, and inspection of the results shows that the model explains the data well. Knowledge of how Base Flow Index and interception losses may change under future land use management interventions was then used to further condition the model. Two interventions are considered: afforestation of grazed areas, and soil degradation associated with increased grazing intensity. Afforestation leads to median reduction in modelled runoff volume of 24% over the simulated 3 month period; and a median peak flow reduction ranging from 12 to 15% over the six gauges for the largest simulated event. Uncertainty in all results is low compared to prior uncertainty and it is concluded that using Base Flow Index estimated from HOST is a simple and potentially powerful method of conditioning the parameter space under current and future land management.

scholarly journals Calibration and evaluation of a semi-distributed watershed model of Sub-Saharan Africa using GRACE data

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3083-3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Xie ◽  
L. Longuevergne ◽  
C. Ringler ◽  
B. R. Scanlon
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract. Irrigation development is rapidly expanding in mostly rainfed Sub-Saharan Africa. This expansion underscores the need for a more comprehensive understanding of water resources beyond surface water. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites provide valuable information on spatio-temporal variability in water storage. The objective of this study was to calibrate and evaluate a semi-distributed regional-scale hydrologic model based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) code for basins in Sub-Saharan Africa using seven-year (July 2002–April 2009) 10-day GRACE data and multi-site river discharge data. The analysis was conducted in a multi-criteria framework. In spite of the uncertainty arising from the tradeoff in optimising model parameters with respect to two non-commensurable criteria defined for two fluxes, SWAT was found to perform well in simulating total water storage variability in most areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, which have semi-arid and sub-humid climates, and that among various water storages represented in SWAT, water storage variations in soil, vadose zone and groundwater are dominant. The study also showed that the simulated total water storage variations tend to have less agreement with GRACE data in arid and equatorial humid regions, and model-based partitioning of total water storage variations into different water storage compartments may be highly uncertain. Thus, future work will be needed for model enhancement in these areas with inferior model fit and for uncertainty reduction in component-wise estimation of water storage variations.

scholarly journals Regionalizing rainfall–runoff model parameters to predict the daily streamflow of ungauged catchments in the dry tropics

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Post
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

A methodology has been derived which allows an estimate to be made of the daily streamflow at any point within the Burdekin catchment in the dry tropics of Australia. The input data requirements are daily rainfall (to drive the rainfall–runoff model) and mean average wet season rainfall, total length of streams, percent cropping and percent forest in the catchment (to regionalize the parameters of the rainfall–runoff model). The method is based on the use of a simple, lumped parameter rainfall–runoff model, IHACRES (Identification of unit Hydrographs And Component flows from Rainfall, Evaporation and Streamflow data). Of the five parameters in the model, three have been set to constants to reflect regional conditions while the other two have been related to physio-climatic attributes of the catchment under consideration. The parameter defining total catchment water yield (c) has been estimated based on the mean average wet season rainfall, while the streamflow recession time constant (τ) has been estimated based on the total length of streams, percent cropping and percent forest in the catchment. These relationships have been shown to be applicable over a range of scales from 68–130,146 km2. However, three separate relationships were required to define c in the three major physiographic regions of the Burdekin: the upper Burdekin, Bowen and Suttor/lower Burdekin. The invariance of the relationships with scale indicates that the dominant processes may be similar across a range of scales. The fact that different relationships were required for each of the three major regions indicates the geographic limitations of this regionalization approach. For most of the 24 gauged catchments within the Burdekin the regionalized rainfall–runoff models were nearly as good as or better than the rainfall–runoff models calibrated to the observed streamflow. In addition, models often performed better over the simulation period than the calibration period. This indicates that future improvements in regionalization should focus on improving the quality of input data and rainfall–runoff model conceptualization rather than on the regionalization procedure per se.

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