scholarly journals Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and elementary fluxes in surface waters of the Western Siberian Lowland across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 5725-5746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Shevchenko ◽  
Oleg S. Pokrovsky ◽  
Sergey N. Vorobyev ◽  
Ivan V. Krickov ◽  
Rinat M. Manasypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Permafrost Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Input ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Continuous Permafrost ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Snow Deposition

Abstract. In order to better understand the chemical composition of snow and its impact on surface water hydrochemistry in the poorly studied Western Siberia Lowland (WSL), the surface layer of snow was sampled in February 2014 across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient (ca. 56.5 to 68° N). We aimed at assessing the latitudinal effect on both dissolved and particulate forms of elements in snow and quantifying the impact of atmospheric input to element storage and export fluxes in inland waters of the WSL. The concentration of dissolved+colloidal (< 0.45 µm) Fe, Co, Cu, As and La increased by a factor of 2 to 5 north of 63° N compared to southern regions. The pH and dissolved Ca, Mg, Sr, Mo and U in snow water increased with the rise in concentrations of particulate fraction (PF). Principal component analyses of major and trace element concentrations in both dissolved and particulate fractions revealed two factors not linked to the latitude. A hierarchical cluster analysis yielded several groups of elements that originated from alumino-silicate mineral matrix, carbonate minerals and marine aerosols or belonging to volatile atmospheric heavy metals, labile elements from weatherable minerals and nutrients. The main sources of mineral components in PF are desert and semi-desert regions of central Asia. The snow water concentrations of DIC, Cl, SO4, Mg, Ca, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, W, Pb and U exceeded or were comparable with springtime concentrations in thermokarst lakes of the permafrost-affected WSL zone. The springtime river fluxes of DIC, Cl, SO4, Na, Mg, Ca, Rb, Cs, metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb), metalloids (As, Sb), Mo and U in the discontinuous to continuous permafrost zone (64–68° N) can be explained solely by melting of accumulated snow. The impact of snow deposition on riverine fluxes of elements strongly increased northward, in discontinuous and continuous permafrost zones of frozen peat bogs. This was consistent with the decrease in the impact of rock lithology on river chemical composition in the permafrost zone of the WSL, relative to the permafrost-free regions. Therefore, the present study demonstrates significant and previously underestimated atmospheric input of many major and trace elements to their riverine fluxes during spring floods. A broader impact of this result is that current estimations of river water fluxes response to climate warming in high latitudes may be unwarranted without detailed analysis of winter precipitation.

scholarly journals Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and fluxes in surface waters of Western Siberian Lowland

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Shevchenko ◽  
Oleg S. Pokrovsky ◽  
Sergey N. Vorobyev ◽  
Ivan V. Krickov ◽  
Rinat M. Manasypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Particulate Fraction ◽  
Melted Snow ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Snow Deposition

Abstract. Towards a better understanding of chemical composition of snow and its impact on surface water hydrochemistry in poorly studied Western Siberia Lowland (WSL), dissolved (melted snow) and particulate (> 0.45 μm) fractions of snow were sampled in February 2014 across a 1700-km latitudinal gradient (c.a. 56.5 to 68° N) in essentially pristine regions. Concentration of dissolved Fe, Co, Cu, As, La, increased by a factor of 2 to 5 north of 63° N. The pH, Ca, Mg, Sr, Mo and U dissolved concentration in snow water increased with the increase in concentration of particulate fraction (PF), which was also correlated with the increase in calcite and dolomite proportion in the mineral fraction, suggesting an enrichment of meltwater by these elements during dissolution of carbonate minerals. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Pb, La and other insoluble elements in

Hepatic trace element concentrations of breeding female common eiders across a latitudinal gradient in the eastern Canadian Arctic

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor D. Mallory ◽  
H. Grant Gilchrist ◽  
Gregory J. Robertson ◽  
Jennifer F. Provencher ◽  
Birgit M. Braune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Breeding Female ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

scholarly journals ShellTrace v1.0 – A new approach for modelling growth and trace element uptake in marine bivalve shells: Model verification on pacific oyster shells (Crassostrea gigas)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels J. de Winter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Bivalve Shells

Abstract. Bivalve shells record changes in their environment in the chemical composition of their shells and are frequently used as paleoclimate archives. However, many studies have shown that physiological changes related to growth of the bivalve may overprint these chemical tracers. In the present study, a new approach is presented that models growth and development of bivalve shells without a priori knowledge of the physiology of the species. The model uses digitized growth increments in a cross section of the shell together with basic assumptions of the shape of the shell in order to model changes in shell length, thickness, volume, mass and growth rate at a daily resolution through the lifetime of the bivalve. This approach reconstructs the growth history of bivalves based on their shell without the need for a culture experiment, paving the way for growth rate estimations based on fossil bivalve shells. Combination of the growth model with 2D X-Ray Fluorescence trace element mapping allows the incorporation of trace elements into the shell to be modelled in 3D through the bivalve's lifetime. This approach yields records of integrated total-shell trace element concentrations and accumulation rates, which shed light on the rates and mechanisms by which these trace elements are incorporated into the shells of bivalves. Application of growth and trace element modelling on a set of modern pacific oyster shells of well-known origin and comparison of model results with conventional trace element transects highlights the importance of considering heterogeneity in mineralogy, mineralization rates and chemical composition within the shells of bivalves. These insights lead to a better understanding of the complexity of trace element concentrations in bivalve shells, which can then be applied as proxies for the reconstruction of sub-annual changes in palaeoenvironmental conditions over geological timescales.

scholarly journals Testing Landscape, Climate and Lithology Impact on Carbon, Major and Trace Elements of the Lena River and Its Tributaries During a Spring Flood Period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Vorobyev ◽  
Yuri Kolesnichenko ◽  
Mikhail Korets ◽  
Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
Continuous Permafrost ◽  
The Impact

Transport of carbon, major and trace element by rivers in permafrost-affected regions is one of the key factor of circumpolar aquatic ecosystem response to climate warming and permafrost thaw. While seasonal and annual export fluxes (yields) of carbon (C) and inorganic solutes are fairly well known for all large Arctic rivers, spatial variations in elementary concentration along the river length and among its tributaries remain poorly understood. Moreover, the landscape factors controlling riverine element concentration in permafrost-affected regions are still poorly constrained. This is especially true for the largest river of Eastern Siberia, the Lena River, which drains through continuous permafrost zones with highly variable lithology and vegetation. Here we present the results of C, major and trace element measurements over a 2600-km transect of the Lena River main stem (upper and middle reaches) including its 30 tributaries, conducted at the peak of the spring flood. There were two main group of solutes in the main stem depending on their spatial pattern: i) elements that decreased their concentrations downstream, from SW to NE (Cl, SO4, DIC, Li, B, Na, Mg, K, Ca, As, Sr, Mo, Sb, Ba and U), which probably reflected a decrease in the proportion of carbonate rocks in the watershed and the degree of groundwater feeding, and ii) elements that increased their concentrations downstream (Al, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ga, Rb, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, REEs, Hf and Th), which was tentatively linked to an increase in organic C stock in soils, larch forest coverage and enhanced mobilization of lithogenic elements from silicate soil minerals. Based on landscape parameters of Lena tributaries, we tested the impact of major environmental factors on major and trace element spatial pattern. Among all the variables, the proportion of sporadic permafrost on the watershed strongly controlled concentrations of soluble highly mobile elements (Cl, B, DIC, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Mo, As and U). Another important factor of element concentration control in the Lena River tributaries was the coverage of watershed by light (B, Cl, Na, K, U) and deciduous (Fe, Ni, Zn, Ge, Rb, Zr, La, Th) needle-leaf forest (pine and larch). The latter, however, could also reflect the DOC-enhanced transport of low-soluble trace elements in the NW part of the basin. This part of the basin is dominated by silicate rocks and continuous permafrost, as compared to carbonate rock-dominated and groundwater-affected SW part of the Lena River basin. Overall, the impact of rock lithology and permafrost on major and trace solutes of the Lena River basin during the peak of spring flood was mostly detected at the scale of the main stem. Such an impact for tributaries was much less pronounced, because of the dominance of surface flow and lower hydrological connectivity with deep groundwater in the latter. Future changes in the river water chemistry linked to climate warming and permafrost thaw at the scale of the whole river basin are likely to be linked to changes in spatial pattern of dominant vegetation, rather than to the permafrost regime. We argue that comparable studies of large, permafrost-impacted rivers during most contrasting seasons, including winter baseflow, should allow efficient prediction of future changes in riverine &lsquo;inorganic&rsquo; hydrochemistry induced by permafrost thaw.

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and fluxes in surface waters of Western Siberian Lowland"

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Shevchenko ◽  
Oleg S. Pokrovsky ◽  
Sergey N. Vorobyev ◽  
Ivan V. Krickov ◽  
Rinat M. Manasypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Snow Deposition

scholarly journals Annex 1 to: Trace elements mobility in soils from the hydrothermal area of Nisyros (Greece)

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Daskalopoulou ◽  
Sergio Calabrese ◽  
Silvia Milazzo ◽  
Lorenzo Brusca ◽  
Sergio Bellomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Title Page ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Element Concentrations

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Nisyros Island, Greece, is a stratovolcano known for its intense hydrothermal activity. On June 2013, during a multidisciplinary field campaign, soil samples were collected in the caldera area to determinate the main mineralogical assemblages and to investigate the distribution of trace element concentrations and the possible relationship to the contribution of fluids of deep origin. Soil samples were analysed with XRD and for the chemical composition of their leachable (deionized water) and pseudo total (microwave digestion)  [...]</span></p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Dissolved Metal (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb) and Metalloid (As, Sb) in Snow Water across a 2800 km Latitudinal Profile of Western Siberia: Impact of Local Pollution and Global Transfer

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Krickov ◽  
Artem G. Lim ◽  
Vladimir P. Shevchenko ◽  
Sergey N. Vorobyev ◽  
Frédéric Candaudap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Aerosol Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Input ◽  
Mass Balance Calculation ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Winter Time

Snow cover is known to be an efficient and unique natural archive of atmospheric input and an indicator of ecosystem status. In high latitude regions, thawing of snow provides a sizable contribution of dissolved trace metals to the hydrological network. Towards a better understanding of natural and anthropogenic control on heavy metals and metalloid input from the atmosphere to the inland waters of Siberian arctic and subarctic regions, we measured chemical composition of dissolved (<0.22 µm) fractions of snow across a 2800 km south–north gradient in Western Siberia. Iron, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cd demonstrated sizable (by a factor of 4–7) decrease in concentration northward, which can be explained by a decrease in overall population density and the influence of dry aerosol deposition. Many elements (Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, As, and Sb) exhibited a prominent local maximum (a factor of 2–3) in the zone of intensive oil and gas extraction (61–62° N latitudinal belt), which can be linked to gas flaring and fly ash deposition. Overall, the snow water chemical composition reflected both local and global (long-range) atmospheric transfer processes. Based on mass balance calculation, we demonstrate that the winter time atmospheric input represents sizable contribution to the riverine export fluxes of dissolved (<0.45 µm) Mn, Co, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Sb during springtime and can appreciably shape the hydrochemical composition of the Ob River main stem and tributaries.

Population Study on the Impact Food Chemical Composition on Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-964
Author(s):  
Andrei Vasile Olteanu ◽  
Georgiana Emmanuela Gilca Blanariu ◽  
Gheorghe Gh. Balan ◽  
Dana Elena Mitrica ◽  
Elena Gologan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become of major interest worldwide, it is estimated that more than 20% of the general population suffer from liver steatosis. NAFLD is highly associated with metabolic risk factors like type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidemia, the patients diagnosed with NAFLD should adopt a high fiber low calorie diet, with reduced saturated fat and carbohydrates content, leading to weight loss and improvement of metabolic profile. Our study is aiming to shape the profile of the patient interested in being informed related to food quality and chemical composition and to evaluate the aspects on the food products label which are important for the customer. Between June 2017 and December 2017, 83 patients diagnosed with NASH were included in the study, representing the study group, while 33 subjects, without metabolic syndrome or digestive diseases, selected from patient list belonging to two general practitioners, constituted the control group. Related to the interest of being informed about the chemical composition and nutritional value of the products bought, the study showed a low interest for the provided information on nutritional value. lack of confidence in the provided information and complexity of the information are understandable, the high number of subject reasoning through lack of immediate clinical benefit is surprising. Among the healthy population the willingness to pay attention to this aspect is extremely low.

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