scholarly journals Technical Note: Development of an automated lysimeter for the calculation of peat soil actual evapotranspiration

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5009-5033 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Proulx-McInnis ◽  
A. St-Hilaire ◽  
A. N. Rousseau ◽  
S. Jutras ◽  
G. Carrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
To Come ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract. A limited number of publications in the literature deal with the measurement of actual evapotranspiration (AET) from a peat soil. AET is an important parameter in the description of water pathways of an ecosystem. In peatlands, where the water table is near the surface and the vegetation is composed of nonvascular plants without stomatal resistance, the AET measurement represents a challenge. This paper discusses the development of an automated lysimeter installed between 12 and 27 July 2010, at a 11-ha bog site, Pont-Rouge (42 km west of Quebec City, Canada). This system was made of an isolated block of peat, maintained at the same water level as the surrounding water table by a system of submersible pressure transmitters and pumps. The change in water level in millimetres in the isolated block of peat was used to calculate the water lost through evapotranspiration (ET) while accounting the precipitation. The rates of AET were calculated for each day of the study period. Temperature fluctuated between 17.2 and 23.3 °C and total rainfall was 43.76 mm. AET rates from 0.6 to 6.9 mm day−1 were recorded, with a ΣAET/ΣP ratio of 1.38. The estimated potential ET (PET) resulting from Thornthwaite's semi-empirical formula suggested values between 2.8 and 3.9 mm day−1. The average AET/PET ratio was 1.13. According to the literature, the results obtained are plausible. This system, relatively inexpensive and simple to install, may eventually be used to calculate AET on peaty soils in the years to come.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEDALAMAN MUKA AIR TANAH TERHADAP LILIT BATANG KARET CLON PB260 DAN SIFAT KIMIA TANAH GAMBUT DI KEBUN MERANTI RAPP RIAU

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Aries Sukariawan ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Arief Setiawan Sutanto ◽  
Bolot Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Exchangeable P ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Study to evaluate the effect of the depth of water table in peatlands of the PB260 rubber girthimmature plants (age 2-3 years) and chemical properties of peat soil has been carried out inMeranti Estate RAPP Kampar Estuary Pangkalan Kerinci District of Riau in December 2013.The research used a descriptive method with measuring water table depth in selected plots with girthmeasurements of planting rubber trees planted in 2010 and 2011. At two sample plots (representingthe shallowest water level and water level deep) dug each soil profile to the investigation anddecision soil samples. Soil samples were analyzed at the Laboratory of BPTP North Sumatra. Theresults showed that the water table in peatlands deeper, reaching 88.6 cm girth will decrease thegrowth of young rubber trees. Rubber immature plants age 2 years who has the best girth growth ingroundwater at a depth of 29.6 cm deep and 3 years old trunk circumference rubber girth bestgrowth at 65.3 cm water table. The water table is within reach mean 88.6 cm cause fasterdecomposition of peat soil is characterized by C/N ratio of lower and lower quality (fertility) peatsoils with lower ash content, K-exchangeable, Mg-exchangeable, P-available, and P-total.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF WATER TABLE DEEP TO TRUNK CIRCUMFERENCE RUBBER PB260 CLON AND SOIL CHEMISTRY OF PEAT SOIL IN MERANTI ESTATE RAPP OF RIAU

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aries Sukariawan ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Arief Setiawan Sutanto ◽  
Bolot Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Exchangeable P ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Study to evaluate the effect of the depth of water table in peatlands of the PB260 rubber girthimmature plants (age 2-3 years) and chemical properties of peat soil has been carried out inMeranti Estate RAPP Kampar Estuary Pangkalan Kerinci District of Riau in December 2013.Research used descriptive method with measuring water table depth in selected plots with girthmeasurements of planting rubber trees planted in 2010 and 2011. At two sample plots (representingthe shallowest water level and water level deep) dug each soil profile to the investigation anddecision soil samples. Soil samples were analyzed at the Laboratory of BPTP North Sumatra. Theresults showed that the water table in peatlands deeper, reaching 88.6 cm girth will decrease thegrowth of young rubber trees. Rubber immature plants age 2 years who has the best girth growth inground water at a depth of 29.6 cm deep and 3 years old trunk circumference rubber girth bestgrowth at 65.3 cm water table. Water table is within reach mean 88.6 cm cause fasterdecomposition of peat soil is characterized by C/N ratio of lower and lower quality (fertility) peatsoils with lower ash content, K-exchangeable, Mg-exchangeable, P-available and P-total.

Technical note: The Red Cross and its role as an auxiliary to military medical services

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (234) ◽  
pp. 139-141
Keyword(s):  
International Committee ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
To Come

The very first National Red Cross Societies were formed, on the initiative of Henry Dunant and his colleagues in that private Genevese association that was later to take the name of the “International Committee of the Red Cross”, precisely to come to the aid of wounded soldiers.

An experiment in the control of the ground water-level in a fen peat soil

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Nicholson ◽  
G. Alderman ◽  
D. H. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Local Soil

1. The methods of investigation of the effect of ground water-level on crop growth, together with tho field installations in use, are discussed.2. Direct field experiments are handicapped by the difficulties of achieving close control on a sufficiently large scale, due to considerable variations of surface level and depth of peat within individual fields and to rapid fluctuations in rainfall and evaporation. Many recorded experiments are associated with climatic conditions of substantial precipitation during the growing season.3. Seasonal fluctuations of ground water-level in Fen peat soils in England, in natural and agricultural conditions, are described.4. The local soil conditions are outlined and the implications of profile variations are discussed.5. The effective control of ground water-level on a field scale requires deep and commodious ditches and frequent large underdrains to ensure the movement of water underground with sufficient freedom to give rapid compensatory adjustment for marked disturbances of ground water-level following the incidence of heavy rain or excessive evaporation.6. A working installation for a field experiment in ordinary farming conditions is described and the measure of control attained is indicated.

scholarly journals Research on critical groundwater level under the threshold value of land subsidence in the typical region of Beijing

2015 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 507-510
Author(s):  
Y. Jiang ◽  
J.-R. Liu ◽  
Y. Luo ◽  
Y. Yang ◽  
F. Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Time Space

Abstract. Groundwater in Beijing has been excessively exploited in a long time, causing the groundwater level continued to declining and land subsidence areas expanding, which restrained the economic and social sustainable development. Long years of study show good time-space corresponding relationship between groundwater level and land subsidence. To providing scientific basis for the following land subsidence prevention and treatment, quantitative research between groundwater level and settlement is necessary. Multi-linear regression models are set up by long series factual monitoring data about layered water table and settlement in the Tianzhu monitoring station. The results show that: layered settlement is closely related to water table, water level variation and amplitude, especially the water table. Finally, according to the threshold value in the land subsidence prevention and control plan of China (45, 30, 25 mm), the minimum allowable layered water level in this region while settlement achieving the threshold value is calculated between −18.448 and −10.082 m. The results provide a reasonable and operable control target of groundwater level for rational adjustment of groundwater exploited horizon in the future.

scholarly journals WATER USE BY BROCCOLI PLANTS (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica)

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Antonio Evaldo Klar ◽  
Ed Wilson Da Silva Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class A Pan

WATER USE BY BROCCOLI PLANTS (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica)  Antonio Evaldo Klar* Ed Wilson da Silva FontesDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, State University of São Paulo, P.O. 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu – SP. E-mail: [email protected]* Scientific Researchist of CNPq.  1 ABSTRACT  Broccoli (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica) plants were transplanted to four lysimeters (116 cm x 116 cm and 150 cm depth), two of them maintained at 40 cm and two at 50 cm water table.  Other two lysimeters, one for each level, received grass (Paspalum notatum, F.) to measure Reference Evapotranspiration (EToLY). Surrounded area received 2,500 m2 of broccoli plants with soil water potentials ( s) maintained higher than –30 kPa. The results allowed to conclude: - there were no statistical differences between the plant parameters from 40cm lysimeters and the surrounded area; - the Class A Pan, Radiation-FAO, Penman-FAO and Penman-Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) methods, in this order, had significant correlations to the data obtained from 40 cm water table level lysimeter; - the Kc (crop coefficient) broccoli values ranged from 0.88 to 1.42 for KcLY (Lysimeters), 1.24 to 2.14 for KcA (Class A Pan), 1.19 to 1.71 for KcPM (Penman-Monteith), 0.95 to1.42 for KcPF (Penman-FAO) and 0.82 to 1.49 for KcR (Radiation-FAO) from stages II to V; - the plant water using ranged from 4.09 to 6.25 mm/day for 40 cm water level, and 2.68 to 5.25 mm/day for 50 cm water level for the same stages, respectively. The lysimeters at 50 cm water level yielded 64,3% less inflorescences and 8.1% lower water using efficiency than the plants from 40 cm water level lysimeters.  KEY WORDS: irrigation, evapotranspiration, broccoli.  KLAR, A.E.; FONTES, E.W.S. USO D’ÁGUA POR PLANTAS DE BRÓCOLOS (Brassicaoleracea F, var. Itálica).  2 RESUMO  Plantas de brócolos foram transplantadas para 4 lisímetros de 116 x 116 de área x 150 cm de profundidade, sendo dois mantidos com 40 cm e outros dois com 50 cm de nível de lençol freático. Outros dois lisímetros foram usados para medir a evapotranspiração de referência (EToLy) com grama batatais nos mesmos níveis de água. Os lisímetros foram colocados no meio de uma cultura de brócolos com área de 2500 m2, com o potencial de água do solo mantido acima de –30kPa. Os resultados permitiram que se concluísse: - não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os valores de área foliar, pesos de matéria seca das folhas e das inflorescências entre as plantas de fora e de dentro dos lisímetros de nível de água de 40 cm; - os métodos do tanque Classe A, FAO-Radiação, Penman-FAO e Penman-Monteith, nesta ordem, correlacionaram-se significativamente com os dados obtidos no lisímetro de grama de nível 40 cm; - os lisímetros com brócolos e nível de 50 cm tiveram produtividade 64,3% menor e mostraram eficiência de uso de água 8,1% menor que os de 40 cm e 2,68 a 5,25 mm de evapotranspiração por dia, não sendo, portanto, indicados para a medir-se EToLY;- os valores dos coeficientes de cultura variaram de 0,88 a 1,42 para KcLY (lisímetro de 40 cm), de 1,24 a 2,14 para KcA (tanque Classe A), de 1,19 a 1,71 para KcPM (Penman-Monteith), de 0,95 a 1,42 para KcPF (Penman-FAO) e de 0,82 a 1,49 para KcR (FAO-Radiação) para os estádios II a V, respectivamente.  UNITERMOS: brócolos, coeficiente de cultura, evapotranspiração de referência.

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