scholarly journals The role of catchment classification in rainfall-runoff modeling

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6113-6153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. He ◽  
A. Bárdossy ◽  
E. Zehe
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ungauged Basins ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Catchment Hydrology ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Runoff Modeling

Abstract. A sound catchment classification scheme is a fundamental step towards improved catchment hydrology science and prediction in ungauged basins. Two categories of catchment classification methods are presented in the paper. The first one is based directly on physiographic properties and climatic conditions over a catchment and regarded as a Linnaean type or natural classification scheme. The second one is based on numerical clustering and regionalization methods and considered as a statistical or arbitrary classification scheme. This paper reviews each category including what has been done since recognition of the intrinsic value of catchment classification, what is being done in the current research, as well as what is to be done in the future.

Integration of Hydrologic Signatures for Model Evaluation in Gauged and Ungauged Catchments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melike Kiraz ◽  
Thorsten Wagener ◽  
Gemma Coxon
Keyword(s):  
Random Forests ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Ungauged Basins ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Catchment Hydrology ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Potential Opportunity ◽  
Hydrological Signatures

<p>Rainfall-runoff models are widely used tools in catchment hydrology. Their evaluation is mostly based on comparing observed and simulated discharge values and various statistical objective functions have been proposed to evaluate the agreement between these time series. However, model evaluations that are based on statistical objective functions often does not provide the modeller with much insight on why the model fails to represent the hydrology of the real-world system.  Other, hydrologically meaningful indices or signatures have been proposed instead that quantify the hydrologic response characteristics of the catchment. They can also be regionalized and thus provide a potential opportunity for model evaluation in ungauged basins.</p><p>Our study investigates how to best integrate hydrological signatures in an objective function for model evaluation to shift the focus of objective functions to evaluate basic hydrological functions of catchments. We propose a signature-based hydrologic efficiency metric that can be derived from locally observed or regionalised hydrologic signatures.  The metric improves upon the Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) metric by replacing its three components with hydrologic signatures characterising the water balance (or bias), the damping (or variance) and the timing of flows (or correlation). Additionally, we use these hydrologic signatures with the physical characteristics (i.e. catchment attributes) in some regionalization approaches such as linear, nonlinear regression and random forests for streamflow predictions in ungauged catchments. We test our ideas on a large and diverse sample of 582 UK catchments using the CAMELS-GB dataset and show that the performance of the proposed metric works well.</p>

scholarly journals Investigating the Optimization Strategies on Performance of Rainfall-Runoff Modeling

10.29007/66vq ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sheikh Goodarzi ◽  
Bahman Jabbarian Amiri ◽  
Shabnam Navardi
Keyword(s):  
Model Performance ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Shuffled Complex Evolution ◽  
Runoff Modeling ◽  
Calibration And Verification

Regarding to importance of modeling calibration, this study will be focused on probabilistic role of different strategies in calibration and verification steps. Tank lumped conceptual model was selected as a hydrological platform to investigate the effects of each optimization strategy on model performance.However, much considerable efforts are required to calibrate a large number of parameters in conceptual models to obtain better results. With development of artificial intelligence, three probabilistic Global Search Algorithms (GSAs) including Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Rosenbrock Multi-Start Search (RBN) and also three Objective Functions (OFs) consisted of Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were employed for model calibration (comparing the performance of different GSAs versus OFs). The best set of parameters, which is derived from the calibration step, will be used as prediction coefficients for the model verification stage. Performance evaluation of the simulation results was undertaken using Coefficient of Correlation (r) and Descriptive Statistics.Results indicated that all of optimization strategies have a relative ability to retrieve optimal values of eighteen parameters of the Tank model. However, the best GSAs for daily runoff simulation are SCE (0.871) and GA (0.864), respectively, for calibration and verification phases. In case of the OFs result, NSE (0.763) and RMSE (0.834) are more performant for calibration and verification of the model. Finally, the best strategy was selected by combining the results of GSAs and OFs models. Finally, SCE*MAE (0.906) and GA*RMSE (0.868) were selected as a top series.

scholarly journals A software package for predicting design-flood hydrographs in small and ungauged basins

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Piscopia ◽  
Andrea Petroselli ◽  
Salvatore Grimaldi
Keyword(s):  
Return Time ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Ungauged Basins ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Design Hydrographs ◽  
Event Based ◽  
User Friendly

In this study, software for estimating design hydrographs in small and ungauged basins is presented. The main aim is to propose a fast and user-friendly empirical tool that the practitioner can apply for hydrological studies characterised by a lack of observed data. The software implements a homonymous framework called event-based approach for small and ungauged basins (EBA4SUB) that was recently developed and tested by the authors to estimate the design peak discharge using the same input information necessary to apply the rational formula. EBA4SUB is a classical hydrological event-based model in which each step (design hyetograph, net rainfall estimation, and rainfall-runoff transformation) is appropriately adapted for empirical applications without calibration. As a case study, the software is applied in a small watershed while varying the hyetograph shape, rainfall peak position, and return time. The results provide an overview of the software and confirm the secondary role of the design rainfall peak position.

A Perturbation Theory for the Population of Atomic Energy Levels in Non-Lte Plasmas

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
M. Klapisch
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Small Parameter ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Sum Rules ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
Formal Expansion ◽  
Atomic Energy Levels ◽  
As Effects

AbstractA formal expansion of the CRM in powers of a small parameter is presented. The terms of the expansion are products of matrices. Inverses are interpreted as effects of cascades.It will be shown that this allows for the separation of the different contributions to the populations, thus providing a natural classification scheme for processes involving atoms in plasmas. Sum rules can be formulated, allowing the population of the levels, in some simple cases, to be related in a transparent way to the quantum numbers.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Phomopsis juglandina (Sacc.) Hohn. Associated with Dieback of Walnut in the Climatic Conditions of Southern Romania

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Cristina Mihaescu ◽  
Daniel Dunea ◽  
Adrian Gheorghe Bășa ◽  
Loredana Neagu Frasin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Conidial State ◽  
Optimal Ph

Phomopsis juglandina (Sacc.) Höhn., which is the conidial state of Diaporthe juglandina (Fuckel) Nitschke, and the main pathogen causing the dieback of branches and twigs of walnut was recently detected in many orchards from Romania. The symptomatological, morphological, ultrastructural, and cultural characteristics, as well as the pathogenicity of an isolate of this lignicolous fungus, were described and illustrated. The optimum periods for infection, under the conditions prevailing in Southern Romania, mainly occur in the spring (April) and autumn months (late September-beginning of October). Strong inverse correlations (p < 0.001) were found between potential evapotranspiration and lesion lengths on walnut branches in 2019. The pathogen forms two types of phialospores: alpha and beta; the role of beta phialospores is not well known in pathogenesis. In Vitro, the optimal growth temperature of mycelial hyphae was in the range of 22–26 °C, and the optimal pH is 4.4–7. This pathogen should be monitored continuously due to its potential for damaging infestations of intensive plantations.

scholarly journals Intra-Storm Pattern Recognition through Fuzzy Clustering

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Vantas ◽  
Epaminondas Sidiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Runoff Modeling ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

The identification and recognition of temporal rainfall patterns is important and useful not only for climatological studies, but mainly for supporting rainfall–runoff modeling and water resources management. Clustering techniques applied to rainfall data provide meaningful ways for producing concise and inclusive pattern classifications. In this paper, a timeseries of rainfall data coming from the Greek National Bank of Hydrological and Meteorological Information are delineated to independent rainstorms and subjected to cluster analysis, in order to identify and extract representative patterns. The computational process is a custom-developed, domain-specific algorithm that produces temporal rainfall patterns using common characteristics from the data via fuzzy clustering in which (a) every storm may belong to more than one cluster, allowing for some equivocation in the data, (b) the number of the clusters is not assumed known a priori but is determined solely from the data and, finally, (c) intra-storm and seasonal temporal distribution patterns are produced. Traditional classification methods include prior empirical knowledge, while the proposed method is fully unsupervised, not presupposing any external elements and giving results superior to the former.

scholarly journals Hillslope Contribution to the Clark Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph: Application to the Seolmacheon Basin, Korea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Chulsang Yoo ◽  
Huy Phuong Doan ◽  
Changhyun Jun ◽  
Wooyoung Na
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Storage Coefficient ◽  
Channel Velocity ◽  
Linear Reservoir ◽  
Mountainous Basin

In this study, the time–area curve of an ellipse is analytically derived by considering flow velocities within both channel and hillslope. The Clark IUH is also derived analytically by solving the continuity equation with the input of the derived time–area curve to the linear reservoir. The derived Clark IUH is then evaluated by application to the Seolmacheon basin, a small mountainous basin in Korea. The findings in this study are summarized as follows. (1) The time–area curve of a basin can more realistically be derived by considering both the channel and hillslope velocities. The role of the hillslope velocity can also be easily confirmed by analyzing the derived time–area curve. (2) The analytically derived Clark IUH shows the relative roles of the hillslope velocity and the storage coefficient. Under the condition that the channel velocity remains unchanged, the hillslope velocity controls the runoff peak flow and the concentration time. On the other hand, the effect of the storage coefficient can be found in the runoff peak flow and peak time, as well as in the falling limb of the runoff hydrograph. These findings are also confirmed in the analysis of rainfall–runoff events of the Seolmacheon basin. (3) The effect of the hillslope velocity varies considerably depending on the rainfall events, which is also found to be mostly dependent upon the maximum rainfall intensity.

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