scholarly journals Mapping foreign residents in Japan’s major cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
The Status ◽  
Japanese Residents ◽  
Residential Distribution

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Japan’s population has been declining since it reached its peak in 2008, and the annual decrease is expected to expand gradually in the future. In this situation, improvement in the fertility rate and intake of foreigners have attracted great attention. However, since the total fertility rate (TFR) has remained stagnant between 1.40 and 1.45 in recent years, more attention is being paid to the role of foreigners as “replacement migration,” and the importance of this has even been highlighted by the United Nations (2001). Noteworthy trends in relation to this are the regional disparity of population decline and the distribution of foreign nationals in contemporary Japan. In particular, the issue of depopulation is serious in peripheral parts of the country because it has been occurring since the 1980s. Meanwhile, the monopolar concentration of population, including foreign residents, into Tokyo has also been a major issue.</p><p>Keeping the above developments in mind, the first edition of <i>Mapping Foreign Residents in Japan</i>, which I edited, was published in 2011; thanks to its favourable reception, a revised edition was published in January 2019. Both editions were prepared especially for policy-makers of national and local government offices in charge of foreign residents. It includes more than 100 maps. This presentation aims to introduce the maps that visualize the status of foreign residents in Japan’s major cities and to outline the distinctive features of the differentiation in their residential distribution.</p><p>The work’s chief sources are national government statistics such as population census (including microdata of foreign residents in the 2015 census), statistics on foreign residents, and vital statistics. The maps are arranged by six topics (distribution/changes, gender/age/nationality, status-of-residence, employment, life, and enclaves/migration), and each topic has several sub-topics. Maps of foreign residents in major cities are drawn on a municipality basis (city, ward, town, and village) or on a small-area unit basis (<i>cho-cho</i> and <i>aza</i>). Figure 1 shows an example from the second edition.</p><p>Major findings obtained from the series of maps in the recently revised publication are summarized as follows.</p><p>First, there are very few remarkably large enclaves composed of small-unit areas with a high ratio of foreign residents, suggesting that most foreign residents, even in such areas, tend to reside alongside Japanese residents. Second, major enclaves for ‘oldcomers’ (Korean and Chinese residents) are located in the inner-city areas of a few metropolises. Third, major enclaves for newcomers are confirmed to exist in four types of small-area units: downtown, public housing, around universities, and around factories.

China's Population: Census and Vital Statistics.

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
J. D. Durand ◽  
S. Chandrasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Population Census

scholarly journals TRENDS OF HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN UKRAINE DURING THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Oksana Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article is devoted to the characteristics of trends in the accumulation of human capital in Ukraine over the period of independence. The purpose of the article is to study the key factors that caused the existing trends in the accumulation of human capital during the period of independence of Ukraine. The novelty of the study lies in the application of a systematic approach to establishing the influence of the main factors on the accumulation of human capital in the country over the past twenty years.The expediency of the study of factors that directly affect the course of the processes of accumulating human capital at regional and national levels has been substantiated. The relationship between the quality of life of the population, the socio-economic development of the country and the volume of human capital has been established.The conditions (the number and structure of the current population; the number of live births and deaths per year and per 1000 people of the population; natural population decline, the number of marriages registered per year; total annual fertility rate, average life expectancy at birth), typical for Ukraine at the time of its independence in 1991, in the dynamics of demographic and socio-economic processes in Ukraine during the period of its independence have been analyzed.The tendencies that have been achieved by Ukraine in the nineteen years of independence in the field of socio-economic development, such as: the annual decline in the population and the total fertility rate; an increase in the mortality rate of the population; drop in GDP per capita and human development index are established. The key aspects of stabilizing the situation in the field of human capital accumulation in Ukraine, which should be based on the intensive development of the business environment, improving the quality of education, and comprehensive social protection of the population, have been substantiated.

At-sea observations of ivory gulls (Pagophila eburnea) in the eastern Canadian high Arctic in 1993 and 2002 indicate a population decline

Polar Record ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Chardine ◽  
Alain J. Fontaine ◽  
Hans Blokpoel ◽  
Mark Mallory ◽  
Theo Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Polar Bear ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Canadian High Arctic ◽  
Rissa Tridactyla ◽  
Ice Coverage ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
Inuit Knowledge ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Evidence from colony surveys and local Inuit knowledge strongly suggest that the Canadian population of ivory gulls (Pagophila eburnea) has declined dramatically. The observations of ivory gulls at sea presented here are consistent with this. Ivory gulls were observed during two cruises on the Russian icebreaker Kapitan Khlebnikov in the eastern Canadian high Arctic in August 1993 and 2002. Ivory gulls were seen 3.5 times more often in 1993 (n = 176) than in 2002 (n = 149), and, corrected for observation effort, four times more ivory gulls were seen in 1993 than in 2002. Ivory gulls are scavengers: they were never observed feeding on fish behind the vessel while ice-breaking, although black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) often were seen feeding in this way. Ivory gulls were observed scavenging around polar-bear (Ursus maritimus) kills in 1993 but not in 2002. By far the largest number of ivory gulls was seen near Grise Fiord in 1993. There, opportunities for them to scavenge were likely good at the community landfill as well as at Inuit and polar-bear kills due to complete ice coverage of the surrounding marine area. No ivory gulls were seen there in 2002. Observations of four individuals in 1993 and five individuals in 2002 near the southern end of Eureka Sound and in Norwegian Bay, 150 km from the nearest known breeding colonies, suggest that as yet undiscovered colonies might exist in this area. With three lines of evidence (colony surveys, local Inuit knowledge, at-sea surveys) now indicating population decline, urgent reassessment of the status of ivory gulls in Canada needs to take place.

Prediction of migration processes in the study area

10.12737/6489 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Виценец ◽  
Tatyana Vitsenets
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Migratory Movement ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Far Eastern

The Primorskiy Kray takes 1st place in the Far Eastern Federal District by number of population (the proportion of the total number in the Far Eastern Federal District is 31.1%, in the total population of Russia is 1.4%). The population decline was due to the influence of several factors: a decline in fertility, increased mortality and intense migratory movement of population of the region mainly into the central regions, which are more prosperous in social and economic relations. Issues on demographics, inherently, reflect the quality of life, the moral and ethical climate in society, the status of the most important sectors. The implementation of the priority activities of the demographic development in the field of health promotion and increased life expectancy; stimulate fertility and strengthen the family; migration development should affect the stabilization of the population of the Primorye Territory.

China's Population: Census and Vital Statistics

1961 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
T. W. Freeman ◽  
S. Chandrasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Population Census

scholarly journals Spatial Variation of Caste/Ethnic Poverty in Mountain Districts of Nepal: An Approximation through Small Area Estimation Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-193
Author(s):  
Bhim Raj Suwal
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Small Area Estimation ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
Caste Groups ◽  
East West

Nepal is a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural society where economic condition of various caste/ethnic groups substantially varies. However, adequate attention has not been paid to estimate the level of monetary poverty of various caste/ethnicities and assess how people of the same caste/ethnicity living in different locations (districts) vary in terms of monetary poverty. Focusing only on mountain belt, which is one of the economically poorest areas of the country, this study aims to estimate incidence of monetary poverty for major caste/ethnicities living in the mountain districts with the help of small area estimation (SAE) technique and assess spatial variation in the incidence of monetary poverty of the same caste/ethnic group living along the east-west continuum of the mountain districts. Required data for SAE is derived from Nepal Living Standard Survey (2010/11) and 2011 population census of Nepal. The study shows that, compared to other districts, three eastern mountain districts (Province 1) (Taplejung, Sankhuwasabha, and Solukhumbu) have lowest incidence of poverty for all the caste/ethnicities with much lower incidence in three socioeconomically advanced hill caste groups. Incidence of poverty tends to increase sharply along the east to west continuum of mountain districts with exceptionally high poverty rates for Dalits in the far western mountain districts (Province 7). Some culturally similar caste/ethnic groups follow almost similar pattern of increase in the incidence of poverty along the east-west continuum of the mountain districts and form districts of clusters in each region with similar level of poverty.

scholarly journals Developing a Small-Area Deprivation Measure for Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Allik ◽  
Dandara Ramos ◽  
Marilyn Agranonik ◽  
Elzo Pereira Pinto Junior ◽  
Maria Yury Ichihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
The North ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Deprivation Measure

This report describes the development of the BrazDep small-area deprivation measure for the whole of Brazil. The measure uses the 2010 Brazilian Population Census data and is calculated for the smallest possible geographical area level, the census sectors. It combines three variables – (1) percent of households with per capita income ≤ 1/2 minimum wage; (2) percent of people not literate, aged 7+; and (3) average of percent of people with inadequate access to sewage, water, garbage collection and no toilet and bath/shower – into a single measure. Similar measures have previously been developed at the census sector level for some states or municipalities, but the deprivation measure described in this report is the first one to be provided for census sectors for the whole of Brazil. BrazDep is a measure of relative deprivation, placing the census sectors on a scale of material well-being from the least to the most deprived. It is useful in comparing areas within Brazil in 2010, but cannot be used to make comparisons across countries or time. Categorical versions of the measure are also provided, placing census sectors into groups of similar levels of deprivation. Deprivation measures, such as the one developed here, have been developed for many countries and are popular tools in public health research for describing the social patterning of health outcomes and supporting the targeting and delivery of services to areas of higher need. The deprivation measure is exponentially distributed, with a large proportion of areas having a low deprivation score and a smaller number of areas experiencing very high deprivation. There is significant regional variation in deprivation; areas in the North and Northeast of Brazil have on average much higher deprivation compared to the South and Southeast. Deprivation levels in the Central-West region fall between those for the North and South. Differences are also great between urban and rural areas, with the former having lower levels of deprivation compared to the latter. The measure was validated by comparing it to other similar indices measuring health and social vulnerability at the census sector level in states and municipalities where it was possible, and at the municipal level for across the whole of Brazil. At the municipal level the deprivation measure was also compared to health outcomes. The different validation exercises showed that the developed measure produced expected results and could be considered validated. As the measure is an estimate of the “true” deprivation in Brazil, uncertainty exists about the exact level of deprivation for all of the areas. For the majority of census sectors the uncertainty is small enough that we can reliably place the area into a deprivation category. However, for some areas uncertainty is very high and the provided estimate is unreliable. These considerations should always be kept in mind when using the BrazDep measure in research or policy. The measure should be used as part of a toolkit, rather than a single basis for decision-making. The data together with documentation is available from the University of Glasgow http: //dx.doi.org/10.5525/gla.researchdata.980. The data and this report are distributed under Creative Commons Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA 4.0) and can be freely used by researchers, policy makers or members of public.

ANNUAL SUMMARY OF VITAL STATISTICS—1965

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1067
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
United States Population ◽  
First Time ◽  
Number Of Births

A CONTINUED downward trend for births, slightly upward for marriages, and about the same rate as last year for deaths characterize the provisional vital statistics of the United States for 1965 (Table 1). Despite the falling birth rate almost 2,000,000 persons were added to the United States population through the excess of births over deaths. Births in 1965 were down about 7% from 1964, bringing the total number, estimated at 3,767,000, below 4,000,000 for the first time in 12 years. The number of births was the lowest since 1951, giving a crude birth rate of 19.4 births per 1,000 population and a fertility rate of 96.7.

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