scholarly journals 3D SURVEYING AND GEOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF A GOTHIC NAVE VAULTING FROM POINT CLOUDS

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W3 ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Costa-Jover ◽  
J. Lluis i Ginovart ◽  
S. Coll-Pla ◽  
M. López Piquer ◽  
A. Samper-Sosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Geometry ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Masonry Vaults ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Potential Tool

The development of massive data captures techniques (MDC) in recent years, such as the Terrestrial laser Scanner (TLS), raises the possibility of developing new assessment procedures for architectural heritage. The 3D models that it is able to obtain is a great potential tool, both for conservation purposes and for historical and architectural studies. The paper proposes a simple, non-invasive methodology for the assessment of masonry vaults from point clouds which makes it possible to obtain relevant data about the formal anomalies. The methodology is tested in Tortosa’s Gothic Cathedral’s vaults, where the geometrical differences between vaults, a priori equal, are identified and related with the partially known construction phases. The procedure can be easily used on any other vaulted construction of any kind, but is especially useful to deal with the complex geometry of Gothic masonry vaults.

scholarly journals TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER AND FAST CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERFICIAL LESIONS IN ARCHITECTURAL DIAGNOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
A. Costa-Jover ◽  
S. Coll-Pla ◽  
J. Queral Llaberia ◽  
D. Moreno García ◽  
A. Gas Llatge
Keyword(s):  
Complex Geometry ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Masonry Vaults ◽  
Assessment Procedures

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The development of massive data captures techniques (MDC) in recent years, such as the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), raises the possibility of developing new assessment procedures for architectural heritage. The 3D models that it is able to obtain is a great potential tool, both for conservation purposes and for historical and architectural studies. The paper proposes a simple, non-invasive methodology for the assessment of masonry vaults from point clouds which makes it possible to obtain relevant data about the formal anomalies. The methodology is tested in Tortosa’s Gothic Cathedral’s vaults, where the geometrical differences between vaults, a priori equal, are identified and related with the partially known construction phases. The procedure can be easily used on any other vaulted construction of any kind, but is especially useful to deal with the complex geometry of Gothic masonry vaults.</p>

scholarly journals THE COMBINATION OF TERRESTRIAL LIDAR AND UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR INTERACTIVE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE VISUALIZATION USING UNITY 3D GAME ENGINE

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
R. Andaru ◽  
B. K. Cahyono ◽  
G. Riyadi ◽  
G. R. Ramadhan ◽  
S. Tuntas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Density ◽  
Game Engine ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Terrestrial Lidar ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Software Modelling

Abstract. The digital 3D documentation of architectural heritage using advanced 3D measurement technologies such as UAV photogrammetry and terrestrial LiDAR (TLS) becomes a potential and efficient method since it can produce 3D pointclouds in detail and high density of pointclouds levels. However, TLS is unable to scan the roof part of tall building, whereas UAV photogrammetry achieves high density of pointclouds at that area. In order to make a complete 3D pointclouds of heritage building, we merged and integrated the TLS and UAV pointclouds data by using Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithms into one reference system. In this study, we collected two architectural heritage building in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, i.e., "Vredeburg Fort Museum (VFM)" and "Kotagede Great Mosque (KGM)", the oldest mosque in Yogyakarta. For the data acquisition, we used Faro Focus X330 and GLS 2000 Laser Scanner. We produced three-dimensional point clouds from UAV imagery by using Structure from Motion and Multi View Stereo (SfM-MVS) technique through Photoscan software. In order to merging and integrating both of pointclouds data, Maptek I-Site Studio 6.1 with Educational License was used. Those data were successfully registered, and according to the registration report, we had observed 20.60 mm of RMS error. The 3D models and their textures in outdoor and indoor side were processed using Autodesk software. Modelling was carried out on the structure of building’s façade base on simple geometric primitive as planes, straight lines, circles, spheres and cylinder. For interactive visualization, a modern and widely accessible game engine technology (Unity3D) was used. The result was an interactive displaying 3D model of an architectural heritage building in LOD3 level with spatial function for measuring the size and dimension, as well as the area of object. Finally, we created the online version of interactive 3D viewer utilizing WebGL API and Mapbox Unity SDK.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Computation of the Volumes of Stockpiles of Bulk Material by Means of UAV Photogrammetric Surveying

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Tucci ◽  
Antonio Gebbia ◽  
Alessandro Conti ◽  
Lidia Fiorini ◽  
Claudio Lubello
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

The monitoring and metric assessment of piles of natural or man-made materials plays a fundamental role in the production and management processes of multiple activities. Over time, the monitoring techniques have undergone an evolution linked to the progress of measure and data processing techniques; starting from classic topography to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technologies up to the current survey systems like laser scanner and close-range photogrammetry. Last-generation 3D data management software allow for the processing of increasingly truer high-resolution 3D models. This study shows the results of a test for the monitoring and computing of stockpile volumes of material coming from the differentiated waste collection inserted in the recycling chain, performed by means of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetric survey and the generation of 3D models starting from point clouds. The test was carried out with two UAV flight sessions, with vertical and oblique camera configurations, and using a terrestrial laser scanner for measuring the ground control points and as ground truth for testing the two survey configurations. The computations of the volumes were carried out using two software and comparisons were made both with reference to the different survey configurations and to the computation software.

scholarly journals Finding the next-best scanner position for as-built modeling of piping systems

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-5 ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kawashima ◽  
S. Yamanishi ◽  
S. Kanai ◽  
H. Date
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
View Planning ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
Priori Information

Renovation of plant equipment of petroleum refineries or chemical factories have recently been frequent, and the demand for 3D asbuilt modelling of piping systems is increasing rapidly. Terrestrial laser scanners are used very often in the measurement for as-built modelling. However, the tangled structures of the piping systems results in complex occluded areas, and these areas must be captured from different scanner positions. For efficient and exhaustive measurement of the piping system, the scanner should be placed at optimum positions where the occluded parts of the piping system are captured as much as possible in less scans. However, this "nextbest" scanner positions are usually determined by experienced operators, and there is no guarantee that these positions fulfil the optimum condition. Therefore, this paper proposes a computer-aided method of the optimal sequential view planning for object recognition in plant piping systems using a terrestrial laser scanner. In the method, a sequence of next-best positions of a terrestrial laser scanner specialized for as-built modelling of piping systems can be found without any a priori information of piping objects. Different from the conventional approaches for the next-best-view (NBV) problem, in the proposed method, piping objects in the measured point clouds are recognized right after an every scan, local occluded spaces occupied by the unseen piping systems are then estimated, and the best scanner position can be found so as to minimize these local occluded spaces. The simulation results show that our proposed method outperforms a conventional approach in recognition accuracy, efficiency and computational time.

scholarly journals Characterization of Rock Samples by A High-Resolution Multi-Technique Non-Invasive Approach

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Fais ◽  
Francesco Cuccuru ◽  
Giuseppe Casula ◽  
Maria Giovanna Bianchi ◽  
Paola Ligas
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Pyroclastic Rock ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Three different non-invasive techniques, namely Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and ultrasonic tomography integrated with petrographic data, were applied to characterize two rock samples of a different nature: A pyroclastic rock and a carbonate rock. We started a computation of high-resolution 3D models of the two samples using the TLS technique supported by a digital SfM photogrammetry survey. The resulting radiometric information available, such as reflectivity maps, SfM photogrammetry textured models and patterns of geometrical residuals, were interpreted in order to detect and underline surface materials anomalies by a comparison of reflectance and natural colour anomalies. Starting from the 3D models from previous techniques, a 3D ultrasonic tomography on each rock sample was accurately planned and carried out in order to detect internal defects or sample heterogeneity. The integration of the above three geophysical non-invasive techniques with petrographical data—especially with the textural characteristics of such materials—represents a powerful method for the definition of the heterogeneity of the rocks at a different scale and for calibrating in situ measurements.

scholarly journals COMPARISON ASSESSMENT OF DIGITAL 3D MODELS OBTAINED BY DRONE-BASED LIDAR AND DRONE IMAGERY

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W5-2021 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
M. Bouziani ◽  
M. Amraoui ◽  
S. Kellouch
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Digital Products

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of drone airborne LiDAR technology in Morocco in comparison with drone photogrammetry. The cost and complexity of the equipment which includes a laser scanner, an inertial measurement unit, a positioning system and a platform are among the causes limiting its use. Furthermore, this study was motivated by the following reasons: (1) Limited number of studies in Morocco on drone-based LiDAR technology applications, (2) Lack of study on the parameters that influence the quality of drone-based LiDAR surveys as well as on the evaluation of the accuracy of derived products. In this study, the evaluation of LiDAR technology was carried out by an analysis of the geometric accuracy of the 3D products generated: Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Canopy Model (DCM). We conduct a comparison with the products generated by drone photogrammetry and GNSS surveys. Several tests were carried out to analyse the parameters that influence the mission results namely height, overlap, drone speed and laser pulse frequency. After data collection, the processing phase was carried out. It includes: the cleaning, the consolidation then the classification of point clouds and the generation of the various digital models. This project also made it possible to propose and validate a workflow for the processing, the classification of point clouds and the generation of 3D digital products derived from the processing of LiDAR data acquired by drone.

scholarly journals MODELING THE DECAY IN AN HBIM STARTING FROM 3D POINT CLOUDS. A FOLLOWED APPROACH FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE KNOWLEDGE

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chiabrando ◽  
M. Lo Turco ◽  
F. Rinaudo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
North West ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
The North ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Subsequent Conversion ◽  
3D Information

The recent trends in architectural data management imply the scientific and professional collaborations of several disciplines involved in the design, restoration and maintenance. It seems an achieved concept that, in the next future, all the information connected to new interventions or conservation activities on historical buildings will be managed by using a BIM platform. Nowadays the actual range or image based metric survey techniques (mainly produced by using Terrestrial Laser Scanner or photogrammetric platform today more based on projective geometry) allow to generate 3D point clouds, 3D models, orthophotos and other outputs with assessed accuracy. The subsequent conversion of 3D information into parametric components, especially in an historical environment, is not easy and has a lot of open issues. According to the actual BIM commercial software and to the embedded tools or plugin, the paper deals with the methodology followed for the realization of two parametric 3D models (Palazzo Sarmatoris and Smistamento RoundHouse, two historical building in the north-west part of Italy). The paper describes the proposed workflow according to the employed plug-in for automatic reconstruction and to the solution adopted for the well-known problems connected to the modeling phase such as the vaults realization or the 3D irregular surfaces modeling. Finally, the studied strategy for mapping the decay in a BIM environment and the connected results with the conclusions and future perspectives are critically discussed.

scholarly journals 3-D SURVEY APPLIED TO INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY BY TLS METHODOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-5/W1 ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Monego ◽  
M. Fabris ◽  
A. Menin ◽  
V. Achilli
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Distance Measurements ◽  
Industrial Archaeology ◽  
Machine Room

This work describes the three-dimensional survey of “Ex Stazione Frigorifera Specializzata”: initially used for agricultural storage, during the years it was allocated to different uses until the complete neglect. The historical relevance and the architectural heritage that this building represents has brought the start of a recent renovation project and functional restoration. <br><br> In this regard it was necessary a global 3-D survey that was based on the application and integration of different geomatic methodologies (mainly terrestrial laser scanner, classical topography, and GNSS). <br><br> The acquisitions of point clouds was performed using different laser scanners: with time of flight (TOF) and phase shift technologies for the distance measurements. The topographic reference network, needed for scans alignment in the same system, was measured with a total station. For the complete survey of the building, 122 scans were acquired and 346 targets were measured from 79 vertices of the reference network. Moreover, 3 vertices were measured with GNSS methodology in order to georeference the network. For the detail survey of machine room were executed 14 scans with 23 targets. <br><br> The 3-D global model of the building have less than one centimeter of error in the alignment (for the machine room the error in alignment is not greater than 6 mm) and was used to extract products such as longitudinal and transversal sections, plans, architectural perspectives, virtual scans. <br><br> A complete spatial knowledge of the building is obtained from the processed data, providing basic information for restoration project, structural analysis, industrial and architectural heritage valorization.

scholarly journals AN EMPRICAL POINT ERROR MODEL FOR TLS DERIVED POINT CLOUDS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ozendi ◽  
Devrim Akca ◽  
Hüseyin Topan
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Error Model ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
3D Point Clouds

The random error pattern of point clouds has significant effect on the quality of final 3D model. The magnitude and distribution of random errors should be modelled numerically. This work aims at developing such an anisotropic point error model, specifically for the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) acquired 3D point clouds. A priori precisions of basic TLS observations, which are the range, horizontal angle and vertical angle, are determined by predefined and practical measurement configurations, performed at real-world test environments. A priori precision of horizontal (𝜎&lt;sub&gt;𝜃&lt;/sub&gt;) and vertical (𝜎&lt;sub&gt;𝛼&lt;/sub&gt;) angles are constant for each point of a data set, and can directly be determined through the repetitive scanning of the same environment. In our practical tests, precisions of the horizontal and vertical angles were found as 𝜎&lt;sub&gt;𝜃&lt;/sub&gt;=±36.6&lt;sup&gt;𝑐𝑐&lt;/sup&gt; and 𝜎&lt;sub&gt;𝛼&lt;/sub&gt;=±17.8&lt;sup&gt;𝑐𝑐&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. On the other hand, a priori precision of the range observation (𝜎&lt;sub&gt;𝜌&lt;/sub&gt;) is assumed to be a function of range, incidence angle of the incoming laser ray, and reflectivity of object surface. Hence, it is a variable, and computed for each point individually by employing an empirically developed formula varying as 𝜎&lt;sub&gt;𝜌&lt;/sub&gt;=±2−12 𝑚𝑚 for a FARO Focus X330 laser scanner. This procedure was followed by the computation of error ellipsoids of each point using the law of variance-covariance propagation. The direction and size of the error ellipsoids were computed by the principal components transformation. The usability and feasibility of the model was investigated in real world scenarios. These investigations validated the suitability and practicality of the proposed method.

scholarly journals To 3D or Not 3D: Choosing a Photogrammetry Workflow for Cultural Heritage Groups

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1835-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafizur Rahaman ◽  
Erik Champion
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Software Application

The 3D reconstruction of real-world heritage objects using either a laser scanner or 3D modelling software is typically expensive and requires a high level of expertise. Image-based 3D modelling software, on the other hand, offers a cheaper alternative, which can handle this task with relative ease. There also exists free and open source (FOSS) software, with the potential to deliver quality data for heritage documentation purposes. However, contemporary academic discourse seldom presents survey-based feature lists or a critical inspection of potential production pipelines, nor typically provides direction and guidance for non-experts who are interested in learning, developing and sharing 3D content on a restricted budget. To address the above issues, a set of FOSS were studied based on their offered features, workflow, 3D processing time and accuracy. Two datasets have been used to compare and evaluate the FOSS applications based on the point clouds they produced. The average deviation to ground truth data produced by a commercial software application (Metashape, formerly called PhotoScan) was used and measured with CloudCompare software. 3D reconstructions generated from FOSS produce promising results, with significant accuracy, and are easy to use. We believe this investigation will help non-expert users to understand the photogrammetry and select the most suitable software for producing image-based 3D models at low cost for visualisation and presentation purposes.

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