scholarly journals GEOSPATIAL DATA FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND LOW CARBON CITIES – OVERVIEW, EXPERIENCES AND NEW PERSPECTIVES –

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4 ◽  
pp. 467-474
Author(s):  
A. Nowacka ◽  
F. Remondino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Related Data ◽  
City Models

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their integration with 3D city models have become a common and powerful asset of cities for planning, visualization and decision-making operations in the fields of energy management, energy efficiency as well as transportation, public infrastructures, etc. The use of such solutions in urban spaces is still confined and mainly applied to visualization purposes (e.g. Google Earth) although geodata and spatial analyses can solve many problems towards the creation of smart cities. This paper presents an overview of various activities using spatial and non-spatial energy-related data integrated with 3D city models into GIS environments. It reviews existing solutions and reports two ongoing projects which deal with geospatial data for better planning and management of energy efficient public lighting and almost zero-consumption public buildings.</p>

scholarly journals METHOD FOR THE 3D-CITY MODELS USING GOOGLE EARTH AND SKETCH UP

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (50) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Yoshitami NONOMURA ◽  
Wataru SHIBAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Google Earth ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
City Models

scholarly journals MODELLING CHANGES, STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR RELATIONS IN SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODELS

2021 ◽  
Vol VIII-4/W2-2021 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
S. H. Nguyen ◽  
T. H. Kolbe
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Virtual City ◽  
City Models

Abstract. Urban digital twins have been increasingly adopted by cities worldwide. Digital twins, especially semantic 3D city models as key components, have quickly become a crucial platform for urban monitoring, planning, analyses and visualization. However, as the massive influx of data collected from cities accumulates quickly over time, one major problem arises as how to handle different temporal versions of a virtual city model. Many current city modelling deployments lack the capability for automatic and efficient change detection and often replace older city models completely with newer ones. Another crucial task is then to make sense of the detected changes to provide a deep understanding of the progresses made in the cities. Therefore, this research aims to provide a conceptual framework to better assist change detection and interpretation in virtual city models. Firstly, a detailed hierarchical model of all potential changes in semantic 3D city models is proposed. This includes appearance, semantic, geometric, topological, structural, Level of Detail (LoD), auxiliary and scoped changes. In addition, a conceptual approach to modelling most relevant stakeholders in smart cities is presented. Then, a model - reality graph is used to represent both the different groups of stakeholders and types of changes based on their relative interest and relevance. Finally, the study introduces two mathematical methods to represent the relevance relations between stakeholders and changes, namely the relevance graph and the relevance matrix.

scholarly journals Building Virtual 3D City Model for Smart Cities Applications: A Case Study on Campus Area of the University of Novi Sad

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Jovanović ◽  
Stevan Milovanov ◽  
Igor Ruskovski ◽  
Miro Govedarica ◽  
Dubravka Sladić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
City Model ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
City Models

The Smart Cities data and applications need to replicate, as faithfully as possible, the state of the city and to simulate possible alternative futures. In order to do this, the modelling of the city should cover all aspects of the city that are relevant to the problems that require smart solutions. In this context, 2D and 3D spatial data play a key role, in particular 3D city models. One of the methods for collecting data that can be used for developing such 3D city models is Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a technology that has provided opportunities to generate large-scale 3D city models at relatively low cost. The collected data is further processed to obtain fully developed photorealistic virtual 3D city models. The goal of this research is to develop virtual 3D city model based on airborne LiDAR surveying and to analyze its applicability toward Smart Cities applications. It this paper, we present workflow that goes from data collection by LiDAR, through extract, transform, load (ETL) transformations and data processing to developing 3D virtual city model and finally discuss its future potential usage scenarios in various fields of application such as modern ICT-based urban planning and 3D cadaster. The results are presented on the case study of campus area of the University of Novi Sad.

scholarly journals Rescaling smart destinations: The growing importance of smart geospatial services during and after COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Bojan Radojević ◽  
Lazar Lazić ◽  
Marija Cimbaljević
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Evolutionary Step ◽  
Geospatial Services ◽  
Smart Tourism

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed numerous, lasting adverse effects on the global tourism industry. At the same time, it exposed the competitive advantages that existing smart tourism infrastructure could provide for addressing urgent health issues and providing meaningful smart services. This paper initially provides examples of smart geospatial services based on COVID-19 pandemic-related data, such as algorithms for measuring social distancing through CCTV and proximity contract tracing protocols and applications. Indeed, smart destinations, as an evolutionary step of smart cities, very quickly became a practical and research framework in various other disciplines, from leisure and service-oriented to technical and geospatial domains. However, various technologies employed and interests of different stockholders create a constant need for rescaling of smart data to facilitate their usability in providing optimized smart tourism services. One of the pressing concerns is the functional alignment of geospatial data with tourism-related data. Thus, we aim to pinpoint the growing importance of smart geospatial services, by pointing to the main downturn of the current smart destination issue with geospatial data resolutions, and, by building upon the relations of the geospatial layer of data with the tourism-specific layer. To this end, we pinpoint two further research directions - reinvestigating spatial and temporal resolution as a core of data smartness and the need for contextual (tourism-oriented) scaling of smart technology. This could be of keen interest in post-pandemic tourism, where smart geospatial services will be of pressing concern, but also it still an issue to be resolved in further smart destination development.

scholarly journals A REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS ON EXTENDING SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODELS FOR SUPPORTING TIME-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Vol IV-4/W9 ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chaturvedi ◽  
T. H. Kolbe
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Data Models ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Semantic Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Support Time ◽  
City Models

Abstract. Semantic 3D City Models are used worldwide for different application domains ranging from Smart Cities, Simulations, Planning to History and Archeology. Well-defined data models like CityGML, IFC and INSPIRE Data Themes allow describing spatial, graphical and semantic information of physical objects. However, cities and their properties are not static and change with respect to time. Hence, it is important that such semantic data models handle different types of changes that take place in cities and their attributes over time. This paper provides a systematic analysis and recommendations for extensions of Semantic 3D City Models in order to support time-dependent properties. This paper reviews different application domains in order to identify key requirements for temporal and dynamic extensions and proposes ways to incorporate these extensions. Over the last couple of years, different extensions have been proposed for these standards to deal with temporal attributes. This paper also presents an analysis to which degree these extensions cover the requirements for dynamic city models.

scholarly journals TESTING THE IMPACT OF 2D GENERALISATION ON 3D MODELS – EXPLORING ANALYSIS OPTIONS WITH AN OFF-THE-SHELF SOFTWARE PACKAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W10 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
E. Muñumer Herrero ◽  
C. Ellul ◽  
J. Morley
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
The Impact ◽  
City Models

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Popularity and diverse use of 3D city models has increased exponentially in the past few years, providing a more realistic impression and understanding of cities. Often, 3D city models are created by elevating the buildings from a detailed 2D topographic base map and subsequently used in studies such as solar panel allocation, infrastructure remodelling, antenna installations or even tourist guide applications. However, the large amount of resulting data slows down rendering and visualisation of the 3D models, and can also impact the performance of any analysis. Generalisation enables a reduction in the amount of data – however the addition of the third dimension makes this process more complex, and the loss of detail resulting from the process will inevitably have an impact on the result of any subsequent analysis.</p><p>While a few 3D generalization algorithms do exist in a research context, these are not available commercially. However, GIS users can create the generalised 3D models by simplifying and aggregating the 2D dataset first and then extruding it to the third dimension. This approach offers a rapid generalization process to create a dataset to underpin the impact of using generalised data for analysis. Specifically, in this study, the line of sight from a tall building and the sun shadow that it creates are calculated and compared, in both original and generalised datasets. The results obtained after the generalisation process are significant: both the number of polygons and the number of nodes are minimized by around 83<span class="thinspace"></span>% and the volume of 3D buildings is reduced by 14.87<span class="thinspace"></span>%. As expected, the spatial analyses processing times are also reduced. The study demonstrates the impact of generalisation on analytical results – which is particularly relevant in situations where detailed data is not available and will help to guide the development of future 3D generalisation algorithms. It also highlights some issues with the overall maturity of 3D analysis tools, which could be one factor limiting uptake of 3D GIS.</p>

scholarly journals INTEGRATED USE OF REMOTE SENSED DATA AND NUMERICAL CARTOGRAPHY FOR THE GENERATION OF 3D CITY MODELS

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-2 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bitelli ◽  
V. A. Girelli ◽  
A. Lambertini
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
City Models

3D city models are becoming increasingly popular and important, because they constitute the base for all the visualization, planning, management operations regarding the urban infrastructure. These data are however not available in the majority of cities: in this paper, the possibility to use geospatial data of various kinds with the aim to generate 3D models in urban environment is investigated.<br> In 3D modelling works, the starting data are frequently the 3D point clouds, which are nowadays possible to collect by different sensors mounted on different platforms: LiDAR, imagery from satellite, airborne or unmanned aerial vehicles, mobile mapping systems that integrate several sensors. The processing of the acquired data and consequently the obtainability of models able to provide geometric accuracy and a good visual impact is limited by time, costs and logistic constraints.<br> Nowadays more and more innovative hardware and software solutions can offer to the municipalities and the public authorities the possibility to use available geospatial data, acquired for diverse aims, for the generation of 3D models of buildings and cities, characterized by different level of detail.<br> In the paper two cases of study are presented, both regarding surveys carried out in Emilia Romagna region, Italy, where 2D or 2.5D numerical maps are available. The first one is about the use of oblique aerial images realized by the Municipality for a systematic documentation of the built environment, the second concerns the use of LiDAR data acquired for other purposes; in the two tests, these data were used in conjunction with large scale numerical maps to produce 3D city models.

scholarly journals Services Oriented Smart City Platform Based On 3d City Model Visualization

2014 ◽  
Vol II-4 ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Prandi ◽  
M. Soave ◽  
F. Devigili ◽  
M. Andreolli ◽  
R. De Amicis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
City Model ◽  
City Models

The rapid technological evolution, which is characterizing all the disciplines involved within the wide concept of smart cities, is becoming a key factor to trigger true user-driven innovation. However to fully develop the Smart City concept to a wide geographical target, it is required an infrastructure that allows the integration of heterogeneous geographical information and sensor networks into a common technological ground. In this context 3D city models will play an increasingly important role in our daily lives and become an essential part of the modern city information infrastructure (Spatial Data Infrastructure). <br><br> The work presented in this paper describes an innovative Services Oriented Architecture software platform aimed at providing smartcities services on top of 3D urban models. 3D city models are the basis of many applications and can became the platform for integrating city information within the Smart-Cites context. <br><br> In particular the paper will investigate how the efficient visualisation of 3D city models using different levels of detail (LODs) is one of the pivotal technological challenge to support Smart-Cities applications. The goal is to provide to the final user realistic and abstract 3D representations of the urban environment and the possibility to interact with a massive amounts of semantic information contained into the geospatial 3D city model. <br><br> The proposed solution, using OCG standards and a custom service to provide 3D city models, lets the users to consume the services and interact with the 3D model via Web in a more effective way.

scholarly journals Fostering Smart Cities through ICT Driven Policy-Making

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uthayasankar Sivarajah ◽  
Habin Lee ◽  
Zahir Irani ◽  
Vishanth Weerakkody
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Urban Population Growth

The concept of smart city is emerging as a key strategy to tackle the problems generated by the urban population growth and rapid development. It is widely recognised that Information and Communications Technology (ICT) play a key role in addressing some of the urban societal challenges such as improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. Although there are various ICT tools providing intelligence and services relating to energy consumption and monitoring processes, they mostly tend to work in isolation. Therefore, this paper presents the outcomes and impacts of the concept of DAREED which aims to deliver an integrated ICT service platform to drive energy efficiency and low carbon activities at neighbourhood, city and district levels. Furthermore, the research highlights the need for ICT-driven policy making using platforms such as DAREED in the context of e-Government. This paper contributes to the current understandings of e-Government literature in terms of how ICT can help public authorities and stakeholders such as policy makers to achieve and drive energy efficiency. From a practical stance, the paper offers valuable insights to public administrations on how ICT can be used to address pressing societal challenges such as efficient energy use and facilitate better policy making.

scholarly journals INTEGRATING DYNAMIC DATA AND SENSORS WITH SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODELS IN THE CONTEXT OF SMART CITIES

2016 ◽  
Vol IV-2/W1 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chaturvedi ◽  
T. H. Kolbe
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Dynamic Data ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Landscape Models ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Model Complex ◽  
City Models

Smart cities provide effective integration of human, physical and digital systems operating in the built environment. The advancements in city and landscape models, sensor web technologies, and simulation methods play a significant role in city analyses and improving quality of life of citizens and governance of cities. Semantic 3D city models can provide substantial benefits and can become a central information backbone for smart city infrastructures. However, current generation semantic 3D city models are static in nature and do not support dynamic properties and sensor observations. In this paper, we propose a new concept called Dynamizer allowing to represent highly dynamic data and providing a method for injecting dynamic variations of city object properties into the static representation. The approach also provides direct capability to model complex patterns based on statistics and general rules and also, real-time sensor observations. The concept is implemented as an Application Domain Extension for the CityGML standard. However, it could also be applied to other GML-based application schemas including the European INSPIRE data themes and national standards for topography and cadasters like the British Ordnance Survey Mastermap or the German cadaster standard ALKIS.

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