scholarly journals GIS-BASED INFECTIOUS DISEASE DATA MANAGEMENT ON A CITY SCALE, CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 1463-1467
Author(s):  
I. Kuznetsov ◽  
E. Panidi ◽  
A. Kolesnikov ◽  
P. Kikin ◽  
V. Korovka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
Availability Assessment ◽  
The City

Abstract. Medical geography and medical cartography can be denoted as classical application domains for Geographical Information Systems (GISs). GISs can be applied to retrospective analysis (e.g., human population health analysis, medical infrastructure development and availability assessment, etc.), and to operative disaster detection and management (e.g., monitoring of epidemics development and infectious diseases spread). Nevertheless, GISs still not a daily-used instrument of medical administrations, especially on the city and municipality scales. In different regions of the world situation varies, however in general case GIS-based medical data accounting and management is the object of interest for researchers and national administrations operated on global and national scales. Our study is focused onto the investigation and design of the methodology and software prototype for GIS-based support of medical administration and planning on a city scale when accounting and controlling infectious diseases. The study area is the administrative territory of the St. Petersburg (Russia). The study is based upon the medical statistics data and data collection system of the St. Petersburg city. All the medical data used in the study are impersonalized accordingly to the Russian laws.

scholarly journals SOCIAL PRECARIOUSNESS AND ACCESSIBILITY TO THE URBAN TRANSPORT IN THE MEGACITIES, CASE STUDY OF A PERIPHERAL COMMUNE OF CASABLANCA, MOROCCO

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W12 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hbiak ◽  
A. Adidi ◽  
E. El Brirchi ◽  
J. P. Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The aim of this research is to study the relationship between transportation and poverty. Indeed, the non-existence, lack or weakness of the supply of transport, poor accessibility to the means of transport and thus also to the zones of economic activity for the population can possibly make their economic and social situations more precarious.</p><p>As for a study area we chose the city of Errahma at Dar Bouazza Commune as a peripheral areas of Casablanca on which we analyze accessibility to the zones of economic activity in the Casablanca region through Geographical Information Systems (GIS).</p><p> To complete our analysis, we conducted a survey of 100 households in the peripheral city. This survey aims to study the difficulty of these households to access economic activity areas as well as the high general cost to pay for their trips.</p><p> Our field study confirmed the results obtained by the GIS and shows that choosing to live in a peripheral zone like Errahma can make families poorer because of, among other things, the lack of accessibility to public transport and therefore the lack of accessibility to areas of economic activity.</p>

scholarly journals Development of a Digital Accident Hotspot Map for ADAS Applications Using Geospatial Methods in GIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Ye ◽  
Xiaolin Meng ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Suchith Anand
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Property Data ◽  
The City

Digital maps have a large potential to support safety-related Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) by providing detailed road and environment information. However, one critical attribute – road accident hotspot – is not available from existing digital maps, and is also difficult to derive from practical surveying. This paper provides a Geographical Information Systems (GIS)-based approach for the production of digital hotspot maps, based on a historical accident dataset and geospatial methods in a GIS. In this approach, firstly the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) method was used to identify hotspot distribution; secondly the Percent Volume Contour (PVC) method was coupled with KDE to extract hotspot patterns; and finally the map layers of hotspot patterns were integrated with classical navigation maps. Following a description for geospatial hotspot production, the derivation of hotspot property data is also discussed. In order to prove this approach, a small-area case study was carried out in the City Centre of Nottingham. The presented results demonstrate that this approach is useful and effective for solving the hotspot creation problem for ADAS, but other future works will be required to improve data effectiveness.

scholarly journals Residential Segregation from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century: Evidence from the Netherlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clé Lesger ◽  
Marco H. D. Van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Political Dominance ◽  
The Real Estate Market ◽  
Block Face ◽  
The City

A case study of three early modern Dutch cities (Alkmaar, Delft, and Amsterdam) using geographical information systems and confronting earlier historical, sociological, and geographical models finds clear patterns of segregation below the level of the city block, thus necessitating block-face mapping. The remarkable continuity in patterns of residential segregation is best explained by the workings of the real-estate market, allowing the well-to-do and middle classes to realize their preferences. In Amsterdam, the merchant elites were able to use their political dominance to plan a scenic and expansive residential environment free from noisy and odorous activities.

scholarly journals The green roofs for reduction in the load on rainwater drainage in highly urbanised areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Kolasa-Więcek ◽  
Dariusz Suszanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
The City

AbstractRapid weather phenomena, particularly sudden and intense rainfall, have become a problem in urban areas in recent years. During heavy rainfall, urban rainwater drainage systems are unable to discharge huge amounts of runoff into collecting reservoirs, which usually results in local flooding. This paper presents attempts to forecast a reduction in the load on the rainwater drainage system through the implementation of green roofs in a case study covering two selected districts of Opole (Poland)—the Old Town and the City Centre. Model tests of extensive and intensive roofs were carried out, in order to determine the reduction of rainwater runoff from the roof surface for the site under study. The potential of the roofs of the buildings to make a green roof was also determined using geographical information systems (GIS), for a case study of two central districts of Opole. It proposed a methodology to determine the rainwater drainage system load reduction by making green roofs. The analyses carried out lead to the conclusion that, in the districts selected for the study, the execution of green roofs on 25% of the of buildings with the potential to implement this type of roof solution could reduce the load on the rain water system by a degree that protects the city area from local flooding.

scholarly journals The multi-criteria analysis for sustainable urban growth by using Fuzzy Method: case study Trikomo, Cyprus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-636
Author(s):  
Can Kara ◽  
◽  
Nuhcan Akçit ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
The City

<abstract> <p>The Urban growth in Trikomo (Yeni İskele) region in Cyprus has dramatically increased recently. The unorganized and uncontrolled development process has started to consume land resources; loss of landcover, valuable agricultural lands, and change of wetlands of stream beds or ponds occurred. In addition, partial and fragmented housing development projects bring only housing and second housing to the coastal region. As a result, environmental and economic problems occurred in sustainable urban growth (SUG) in the Trikomo (Yeni İskele) region. Due to the lack of planning instruments in Trikomo, urban expansion policies and alternatives have been ignored. In this regard, this research tries to investigate spatial SUG and expansion alternatives by using Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) and fuzzy logic within geographical information systems (GIS). Compact growth, environmental protection, and equal accessibility to local services were used for multi-criteria analysis to construct spatial SUG problems. Then they were converted to spatial layers within the (GIS) environment. Results show that; 6 percent of the study area is in a shallow suitability zone. Forty-four percent of it has very low and low suitability for SUG. Also, 41 percent of the area is suitable. Only 12 percent of the area has high and very high suitability values. These findings showed that approximately 118 square kilometers (56 percent) of the city is within the same level appropriate for urban development.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Street context of various demographic groups in their daily mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Salgado ◽  
Weixin Li ◽  
Fahad Alhasoun ◽  
Inés Caridi ◽  
Marta Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Daily Mobility ◽  
Urban Science ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The City ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractWe present an urban science framework to characterize phone users’ exposure to different street context types based on network science, geographical information systems (GIS), daily individual trajectories, and street imagery. We consider street context as the inferred usage of the street, based on its buildings and construction, categorized in nine possible labels. The labels define whether the street is residential, commercial or downtown, throughway or not, and other special categories. We apply the analysis to the City of Boston, considering daily trajectories synthetically generated with a model based on call detail records (CDR) and images from Google Street View. Images are categorized both manually and using artificial intelligence (AI). We focus on the city’s four main racial/ethnic demographic groups (White, Black, Hispanic and Asian), aiming to characterize the differences in what these groups of people see during their daily activities. Based on daily trajectories, we reconstruct most common paths over the street network. We use street demand (number of times a street is included in a trajectory) to detect each group’s most relevant streets and regions. Based on their street demand, we measure the street context distribution for each group. The inclusion of images allows us to quantitatively measure the prevalence of each context and points to qualitative differences on where that context takes place. Other AI methodologies can further exploit these differences. This approach presents the building blocks to further studies that relate mobile devices’ dynamic records with the differences in urban exposure by demographic groups. The addition of AI-based image analysis to street demand can power up the capabilities of urban planning methodologies, compare multiple cities under a unified framework, and reduce the crudeness of GIS-only mobility analysis. Shortening the gap between big data-driven analysis and traditional human classification analysis can help build smarter and more equal cities while reducing the efforts necessary to study a city’s characteristics.

A Comparison between Agent-Based and GIS-Based Tsunami Evacuation Simulations: A Case Study for Tofino, BC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kim ◽  
Tomoyuki Takabatake ◽  
Ioan NISTOR ◽  
Tomoya Shibayama
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Evacuation Planning ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Validation Tool

Soft measures such as evacuation planning are recommended to mitigate the loss of life during tsunamis. Two types of evacuation models are widely used: (1) Agent-based modelling (ABM) defines sets of rules that individual agents in a simulation follow during a simulated evacuation. (2) Geographical information systems (GIS) are more accessible to city planners, but cannot incorporate the dynamic behaviours found in ABMs. The two evacuation modelling methodologies were compared through a case study by assessing the state of evacuation preparedness and investigating potential mitigation options. The two models showed different magnitudes for mortality rates and facility demand but had similar trends. Both models agreed on the best solution to reduce the loss of life for the community. GIS may serve as a useful tool for initial investigation or as a validation tool for ABMs. ABMs are recommended for use when modelling evacuation until GIS methodologies are further developed.

scholarly journals SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS WILAYAH RAWAN BANJIR DI KOTA PEKANBARU

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Luluk Elvitaria Elvitaria ◽  
Miftahul Khasani
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
The City ◽  
Term Rain ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Based on the geographical location of Pekanbaru City is one of the areas included in flood-prone areas, even said that the city of Pekanbaru is included in the red zone related to flooding, seeing from the majority of the existing area is the rawah and river banks. The National Flood Mitigation Agency (BNPB) noted that the city of Pekanbaru is one of the flood-prone cities on the island of Sumatra. In addition to determining flood-prone areas for the Regional BPBD Office in Pekanbaru City, the community also wants to know the location that often floods and determine the long-term rain intensity capacity that will cause flooding, so that it does not hinder the daily activities. To deal with this problem, a Geographical Information System needs to be developed that can determine areas that often occur in natural flooding. Geographical information systems are expected to be able to assist the BPBD Office in managing flood data that has occurred in the city of Pekanbaru, and help provide information about floods that are needed by the community to anticipate further flood events.  

scholarly journals Optimization of Household Waste Collection Routes Using GIS: Case Study El Bousten district, commune of Sfax, Tunisia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim Sallem ◽  
Mohamed Rouis
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Network Analyst

This paper presents a method for optimizing the household waste collection system supported by Geographical Information System (GIS) tool for the sector 1of district El Bousten of Sfax commune, Tunisia. The ArcGIS Network Analyst based model is applied for the purpose of improving the collection process effectiveness, namely, the household collection bins’ reallocation along with the vehicles’ tour optimization procedure in terms of distance and time. Results indicated a reduction of 25, 83% in route and 21, 5 % in the time spent of collection along with fuel consumption savings. These findings show that GIS based model tends to exhibit significant improvements as to the collection and transportation system, therefore, to its economical and environmental costs.

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