scholarly journals Street context of various demographic groups in their daily mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Salgado ◽  
Weixin Li ◽  
Fahad Alhasoun ◽  
Inés Caridi ◽  
Marta Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Daily Mobility ◽  
Urban Science ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The City ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractWe present an urban science framework to characterize phone users’ exposure to different street context types based on network science, geographical information systems (GIS), daily individual trajectories, and street imagery. We consider street context as the inferred usage of the street, based on its buildings and construction, categorized in nine possible labels. The labels define whether the street is residential, commercial or downtown, throughway or not, and other special categories. We apply the analysis to the City of Boston, considering daily trajectories synthetically generated with a model based on call detail records (CDR) and images from Google Street View. Images are categorized both manually and using artificial intelligence (AI). We focus on the city’s four main racial/ethnic demographic groups (White, Black, Hispanic and Asian), aiming to characterize the differences in what these groups of people see during their daily activities. Based on daily trajectories, we reconstruct most common paths over the street network. We use street demand (number of times a street is included in a trajectory) to detect each group’s most relevant streets and regions. Based on their street demand, we measure the street context distribution for each group. The inclusion of images allows us to quantitatively measure the prevalence of each context and points to qualitative differences on where that context takes place. Other AI methodologies can further exploit these differences. This approach presents the building blocks to further studies that relate mobile devices’ dynamic records with the differences in urban exposure by demographic groups. The addition of AI-based image analysis to street demand can power up the capabilities of urban planning methodologies, compare multiple cities under a unified framework, and reduce the crudeness of GIS-only mobility analysis. Shortening the gap between big data-driven analysis and traditional human classification analysis can help build smarter and more equal cities while reducing the efforts necessary to study a city’s characteristics.

scholarly journals SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS WILAYAH RAWAN BANJIR DI KOTA PEKANBARU

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Luluk Elvitaria Elvitaria ◽  
Miftahul Khasani
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
The City ◽  
Term Rain ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Based on the geographical location of Pekanbaru City is one of the areas included in flood-prone areas, even said that the city of Pekanbaru is included in the red zone related to flooding, seeing from the majority of the existing area is the rawah and river banks. The National Flood Mitigation Agency (BNPB) noted that the city of Pekanbaru is one of the flood-prone cities on the island of Sumatra. In addition to determining flood-prone areas for the Regional BPBD Office in Pekanbaru City, the community also wants to know the location that often floods and determine the long-term rain intensity capacity that will cause flooding, so that it does not hinder the daily activities. To deal with this problem, a Geographical Information System needs to be developed that can determine areas that often occur in natural flooding. Geographical information systems are expected to be able to assist the BPBD Office in managing flood data that has occurred in the city of Pekanbaru, and help provide information about floods that are needed by the community to anticipate further flood events.  

scholarly journals GIS-BASED INFECTIOUS DISEASE DATA MANAGEMENT ON A CITY SCALE, CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 1463-1467
Author(s):  
I. Kuznetsov ◽  
E. Panidi ◽  
A. Kolesnikov ◽  
P. Kikin ◽  
V. Korovka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
Availability Assessment ◽  
The City

Abstract. Medical geography and medical cartography can be denoted as classical application domains for Geographical Information Systems (GISs). GISs can be applied to retrospective analysis (e.g., human population health analysis, medical infrastructure development and availability assessment, etc.), and to operative disaster detection and management (e.g., monitoring of epidemics development and infectious diseases spread). Nevertheless, GISs still not a daily-used instrument of medical administrations, especially on the city and municipality scales. In different regions of the world situation varies, however in general case GIS-based medical data accounting and management is the object of interest for researchers and national administrations operated on global and national scales. Our study is focused onto the investigation and design of the methodology and software prototype for GIS-based support of medical administration and planning on a city scale when accounting and controlling infectious diseases. The study area is the administrative territory of the St. Petersburg (Russia). The study is based upon the medical statistics data and data collection system of the St. Petersburg city. All the medical data used in the study are impersonalized accordingly to the Russian laws.

Geographical Analysis of Entertainment Services in the City of Daratu Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-644
Author(s):  
Hoshmand Jawhar Abbas ◽  
Sanger Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Fatimah Qader Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Recreational Facilities ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Recreational Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

 The impact of the recreational services that exist within the group of services that are practiced within the geographical framework of the city, is not limited to the lives of its residents and their activities, but also on the residents of the surrounding areas. Recreational services contribute to providing diversified investment opportunities for leisure time, so that they are appropriate and beneficial to the health, comfort and well-being of the population at the lowest possible cost, without the goal of their establishment being financial gain, as they lead to the creation of mental, psychological and physical balance on the level of one individual and on the basis of society in a way. In general, recreational services are an integral part of urban activities in most cities of the world. Rather, the concept of modernity and urbanization in contemporary urban centers is measured to some extent by the availability of recreational facilities for their inhabitants, and the study also showed the low level of efficiency of recreational services in terms of their spatial distribution and numbers. As it is concentrated in some neighborhoods of the city, while it is less or absent in other neighborhoods, as well as not taking into account the planning standards in its distribution and during its construction in line with the population increase, urban expansion and the residents' needs for these services. The success in providing these different types of recreational facilities depends on how they are distributed geographically. The balanced distribution of these activities determines the success of the adopted plans in achieving the required goals and policies.

scholarly journals Statistical and Spatial Analysis of Hurricane-induced Roadway Closures and Power Outages

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyar Ghorbanzadeh ◽  
Mohammadreza Koloushani ◽  
Mehmet Baran Ulak ◽  
Eren Erman Ozguven ◽  
Reza Arghandeh Jouneghani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Power Outages ◽  
The Us ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The City

Hurricanes lead to substantial infrastructure system damages, such as roadway closures and power outages, in the US annually, especially in states like Florida. As such, this paper aimed to assess the impacts of Hurricane Hermine (2016) and Hurricane Michael (2018) on the City of Tallahassee, the capital of Florida, via exploratory spatial and statistical analyses on power outages and roadway closures. First, a geographical information systems (GIS)-based spatial analysis was conducted to explore the power outages and roadway closure patterns in the city including kernel density estimation (KDE) and density ratio difference (DRD) methods. In order to provide a more detailed assessment on which population segments were more affected, a second step included a statistical analysis to identify the relationships between demographic- and socioeconomic-related variables and the magnitude of power outages and roadway closures caused by these hurricanes. The results indicate that the high-risk locations for roadway closures showed different patterns, whereas power outages seemed to have similar spatial patterns for the hurricanes. The findings of this study can provide useful insights and information for city officials to identify the most vulnerable regions which are under the risk of disruption. This can lead to better infrastructure plans and policies.

scholarly journals The Provision and Accessibility to Parks in Ho Chi Minh City: Disparities along the Urban Core—Periphery Axis

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Hoang ◽  
Philippe Apparicio ◽  
Thi-Thanh-Hien Pham
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ascending Hierarchical Classification ◽  
The City

In Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC, Vietnam), there is now an urgent need for evaluating access to parks in an effort to ensure better planning within the context of rapid and increasingly privatized urbanization. In this article, we analyze the provision and accessibility to parks in HCMC. To achieve this, the information gathered was then integrated into the geographical information systems (GISs). Based on an Ascending Hierarchical Classification, we were able to identify five different types ranging in their intrinsic characteristics. The accessibility measurements calculated in the GISs show that communities are located an average of at least 879 meters away from parks, which is a relatively short distance. Children have a level of accessibility comparable to that of the overall population. Accessibility also seems to vary greatly throughout the City—populations residing in central districts (planned before 1996) enjoy better accessibility compared to those in peripheral neighborhoods (planned after 1996). Parks located in areas planned between 1996 and 2002 are the least accessible, followed by parks in areas planned after 2003. Our findings suggest possible approaches that could be used to help ensure the quality of parks and their spatial accessibility.

scholarly journals Smart Solutions for Sustainable Cities—The Re-Coding Experience for Harnessing the Potential of Urban Rooftops

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7112
Author(s):  
Valeria Todeschi ◽  
Guglielmina Mutani ◽  
Lucia Baima ◽  
Marianna Nigra ◽  
Matteo Robiglio
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The City

Urban rooftops are a potential source of water, energy, and food that contribute to make cities more resilient and sustainable. The use of smart technologies such as solar panels or cool roofs helps to reach energy and climate targets. This work presents a flexible methodology based on the use of geographical information systems that allow evaluating the potential use of roofs in a densely built-up context, estimating the roof areas that can be renovated or used to produce renewable energy. The methodology was applied to the case study of the city of Turin in Italy, a 3D roof model was designed, some scenarios were investigated, and priorities of interventions were established, taking into account the conditions of the urban landscape. The applicability of smart solutions was conducted as a support to the review of the Building Annex Energy Code of Turin, within the project ‘Re-Coding’, which aimed to update the current building code of the city. In addition, environmental, economic, and social impacts were assessed to identify the more effective energy efficiency measures. In the Turin context, using an insulated green roof, there was energy saving in consumption for heating up to 88 kWh/m2/year and for cooling of 10 kWh/m2/year, with a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 193 tCO2eq/MWh/year and 14 tCO2eq/MWh/year, respectively. This approach could be a significant support in the identification and promotion of energy efficiency solutions to exploit also renewable energy resources with low greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Spatial Development in and Around the City of Isparta through Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
Kadir Temurçin ◽  
Gizem Uluşar
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The City

Remote Sensing is a method of examination used in the study of resources on earth without any physical contact. It is a method by which the characteristics of the land below are recorded from space and sky. Determining the characteristics of natural and cultural resources of earth, sustainable exploitation of these resources in the most effective ways and continuous monitoring of the changes in these resources are fundamental to being a developed country. For a sustainable land use and urbanization, data about the unstable natural environment must be collected and monitored at regular intervals, and in order to do these, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are employed. Images obtained through RS method can be analyzed for the accurate use of the data available. This study seeks to determine the spatial development in and around the city of Isparta through digital imaging processing techniques on different satellite images which belong to different years. Images from satellites ASTER and LANDSAT; information on the quarters in Isparta and the city plan and ERDAS IMAGINE 9.1 program were used in the study. The spatial development of the city of Isparta was studied on the basis of the satellite images obtained in the years 1987, 2000 and 2010 and this study was integrated into GIS. Having analyzed how much change occurred and which way it trended, important information was collected which will be used as source for future studies to be carried out on Isparta. It was observed that while residential areas increased, amount of forested land, and agricultural areas decreased during the periods studied.

scholarly journals Potentiality Analysis of Physical Development of International Airports Surrounding Zones

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sara Alaa Abdulkareem ◽  
Abdelwehab Ahmed Abdelwehab
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Search Problem ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The City

The areas surrounding Iraqi international airports generally suffer from a lack of interest in their planning in a manner compatible with the airport with the absence of integrated planning between the airport and the city. From here, the search problem appears. It is represented by a lack of interest in the integration of urban planning and airport planning and the lack of a clear policy to deal with the areas surrounding international airports. A desire to achieve the research aims to introduce compatible uses in the vicinity of airports and review the planning and global directions for dealing with the areas surrounding the airports within urban areas. In contrast, the second aspect of the research aims to assess the uses of the land surrounding the airports and determine their compatibility with the planning directions of these areas. The research studied the areas surrounding Baghdad International Airport and conducted a comprehensive survey of land uses within a distance of (4) km from the airport runway center. Then it conducted an analysis using geographical information systems(GIS) and studied the survey results, and assumed that the current uses of the areas surrounding international airports do not reflect the optimal use of these areas and, therefore, not exploiting the current capabilities and development opportunities provided by the airport for the surrounding areas. The research hypothesis is tested through the use of (GIS )and displaying the results of the field survey of land uses within the study area. Furthermore, the methodology of comparative spatial analysis was done by monitoring the current situation through (GIS) and analyzing the result and comparing it with international standards to achieve results that contribute to attaining physical development. The first part of the research presents an introduction to international airports that are one of the most significant urban nodes in the city. The surrounding areas have many features that require regulation and coordination. The presence of incompatible uses in the vicinity of the airport leads to the loss of the advantages provided by the airport and the occurrence of adverse effects on the surrounding areas. Part two introduced compatible uses in the vicinity of airports. Part Three analyzed the case study of the areas surrounding Baghdad Airport. Then the results of the field survey showed that there are incompatible uses and the absence of compatible uses, and this case requires the identification of many planning procedures and benefiting from global trends in planning these areas.

Developing City-Wide Hurricane Impact Maps using Real-Life Data on Infrastructure, Vegetation and Weather

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812097271
Author(s):  
Mingyang Chen ◽  
Alican Karaer ◽  
Eren Erman Ozguven ◽  
Tarek Abichou ◽  
Reza Arghandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Hurricane Impact ◽  
The City

Hurricanes affect thousands of people annually, with devastating consequences such as loss of life, vegetation and infrastructure. Vegetation losses such as downed trees and infrastructure disruptions such as toppled power lines often lead to roadway closures. These disruptions can be life threatening for the victims. Emergency officials, therefore, have been trying to find ways to alleviate such problems by identifying those locations that pose high risk in the aftermath of hurricanes. This paper proposes an integrated methodology that utilizes both Google Earth Engine (GEE) and geographical information systems (GIS). First, GEE is used to access Sentinel-2 satellite images and calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to investigate the vegetation change as a result of Hurricane Michael in the City of Tallahassee. Second, through the use of ArcGIS, data on wind speed, debris, roadway density and demographics are incorporated into the methodology in addition to the NDVI indices to assess the overall impact of the hurricane. As a result, city-wide hurricane impact maps are created using weighted indices created based on all these data sets. Findings indicate that the northeast side of the city was the worst affected because of the hurricane. This is a region where more seniors live, and such disruptions can lead to dramatic consequences because of the fragility of these seniors. Officials can pinpoint the identified critical locations for future improvements such as roadway geometry modification and landscaping justification.

Designing Genetic Algorithms to Solve GIS Problems

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Thierens ◽  
Mark De Berg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Map Labeling ◽  
Linkage Learning

What makes a problem hard for a genetic algorithm (GA)? How does one need to design a GA to solve a problem satisfactorily? How does the designer include domain knowledge in the GA? When is a GA suitable to use for solving a problem? These are all legitimate questions. This chapter will offer a view on genetic algorithms that stresses the role of the so-called linkage. Linkage relates to the fact that between the variables of the solution dependencies exist that cause a need to treat those variables as one “block,” since the best setting of each individual variable can only be determined by looking at the other variables as well. The genes that represent these variables will then have to be transferred together. When these genes are set to their optimal values, they constitute a building block. Building blocks will be transferred as a whole during recombination and the building blocks of all the genes make up the optimal solution. As will become apparent, knowing the linkage of a building block is a big advantage and will allow one to design efficient GAs. Sadly, in the majority of problems, the linkage is unknown. This observation has given rise to a lot of development in linkage learning algorithms (for an example, see Kargupta 1996). However, there is a specific class of problems that allows for relatively easy determination of linkage: spatial problems. This is because in these problems, the linkage is geometrically defined. We will focus in this chapter on certain hard problems that arise in the context of geographical information systems and for which the linkage can be easily found. Specifically, we will fully detail the design of a GA for the problem of map labeling, which is an important problem in automated cartography. The map labeling problem for point features is to find a placement for the labels of a set of points such that the number of labels that do not intersect other labels is maximized.

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