scholarly journals Integrated tsunami vulnerability and risk assessment: application to the coastal area of El Salvador

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. González-Riancho ◽  
I. Aguirre-Ayerbe ◽  
O. García-Aguilar ◽  
R. Medina ◽  
M. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Flooding Hazard ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

Abstract. Advances in the understanding and prediction of tsunami impacts allow for the development of risk reduction strategies for tsunami-prone areas. This paper presents a tsunami vulnerability and risk assessment for the case study of El Salvador, the applied methodology dealing with the complexity and variability of coastal zones by means of (i) an integral approach to cover the entire risk-related process from the hazard, vulnerability and risk assessments to the final risk management; (ii) an integrated approach to combine and aggregate the information stemming from the different dimensions of coupled human and natural systems; and (iii) a dynamic and scale-dependent approach to integrate the spatiotemporal variability considerations. This work also aims at establishing a clear connection to translate the vulnerability and risk assessment results into adequate target-oriented risk reduction measures, trying to bridge the gap between science and management for the tsunami hazard. The approach is applicable to other types of hazards, having been successfully applied to climate-change-related flooding hazard.

scholarly journals Integrated tsunami vulnerability and risk assessment: application to the coastal area of El Salvador

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 2883-2943 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. González-Riancho ◽  
I. Aguirre-Ayerbe ◽  
O. García-Aguilar ◽  
R. Medina ◽  
M. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Abstract. Advances in the understanding and prediction of tsunami impacts allow the development of risk reduction strategies for tsunami-prone areas. This paper presents a methodological framework for the integrated tsunami vulnerability and risk assessment. It deals with the complexity and variability of coastal zones by means of (i) an integral approach to cover the entire risk related process, from the hazard, vulnerability and risk assessments to the final risk management; (ii) an integrated approach to combine and aggregate the information stemming from the different dimensions; and (iii) a dynamic and scale dependant approach to integrate the spatiotemporal variability considerations. This framework aims at establishing a clear connection to translate the vulnerability and risk assessment results into adequate target-oriented risk reduction measures, bridging the gap between science and management for the tsunami hazard. The framework is applicable to other types of hazards, having been successfully applied to climate change hazard.

scholarly journals Landslide risk reduction measures: A review of practices and challenges for the tropics

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Maes ◽  
Matthieu Kervyn ◽  
Astrid de Hontheim ◽  
Olivier Dewitte ◽  
Liesbet Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Publication Output ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Landslide Risk Reduction

The overall objective of this review is to gain insights into landslide risk reduction measures that are applied or recommended in tropical landslide-prone countries, and the challenges at play. More specifically, this review aims to (i) presenting an overview of recent studies on landslides and landslide risk reduction in these countries, (ii) exploring the factors controlling the publication output on landslides and landslide risk reduction, (iii) reviewing the various landslide risk reduction measures recommended and implemented, and (iv) identifying the bottlenecks for the implementation of these strategies. A compilation of recommended and implemented landslide risk reduction measures in 99 landslide-prone tropical countries was made, based on an extensive review of scientific literature (382 publications). The documented measures are analysed using a scheme of risk reduction measures that combines classifications of the Hyogo Framework for Action and the SafeLand project. Our literature review shows that the factors influencing the number of publications on landslides and landslide risk reduction per country are (in order of importance) the absolute physical exposure of people to landslides, the population number and the Human Development Index of a country. The ratio of publications on landslide risk reduction versus publications on landslides for landslide-prone tropical countries does not vary much between these countries (average: 0.28). A significant fraction (0.30) of all known landslide hazard reduction measures are neither implemented nor recommended according to our review. The most recommended landslide risk reduction component is ‘risk management and vulnerability reduction’ (0.38). However, the most implemented component is ‘risk assessment’ (0.57). Overall, the ratio of implemented versus recommended landslide risk reduction measures in the tropics is low (<0.50) for most landslide risk reduction components, except for ‘risk assessment’ (3.01). The most cited bottlenecks for implementing landslide risk reduction measures are scientific (0.30) and political (0.29) in nature.

scholarly journals Aggregated Risk Assessment and Survey for Risk Reduction in Oil Terminals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12169
Author(s):  
Robertas Alzbutas ◽  
Mindaugas Vaisnoras ◽  
Inga Saruniene ◽  
Ricardas Krikstolaitis ◽  
Mindaugas Valincius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Risk Aggregation ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
The Impact

One of the goals of any oil terminal is to make a business while avoiding hazardous events and harmful effects for both humans and the environment. This can be achieved by creating a safe working place as well as by performing safe and acceptable activities regarding the impact on surrounding objects, including residential and industrial areas. The aim of the hazard analysis of the oil terminal is to assess the risks related to hazardous events or phenomena and to evaluate whether the assessed risks are acceptable. The hazard analysis and assessment of risk are also used for risk reduction while examining and limiting hazardous scenarios that, for instance, involve the loss-of-containment of flammable or combustible material. In this paper, the authors aim to contribute to risk research by providing a comprehensive methodology of risk assessment for oil terminals with case study results and discussion on features of the methodology, risk aggregation, its applicability for risk reduction, and industrial interests. The performed study considered the “Klaipedos Nafta AB” (an operator of the Klaipeda Oil Terminal, Lithuania) case study regarding hazardous materials that might be released from various tanks, devices, and associated pipelines. The performed quantitative risk assessment has enabled the determination of the probability regarding whether releases would ignite and, for instance, cause explosion. In the case study, the estimate of probability, i.e., the frequency, and the possible consequences of the hazardous events were evaluated, and both mitigation and risk reduction measures were also considered.

Empowering Effective Teamwork for Machine Risk Reduction in the Workplace

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Etherton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Team Leadership ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Leadership Skill ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Injury Reduction ◽  
Tolerable Risk ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

The need for teamwork creates new requirements for engineers who use the new ANSI guidelines (B11 TR3-2000) for reducing risks associated with machines. Specifically, the guidelines state that “...a team of involved personnel (e.g., operators, maintenance, engineering) should participate in the risk assessment and reduction effort.” The goal of such teams is to achieve tolerable risk. If they are to be effective team members, engineers will need skills in team leadership; identifying tasks and their associated hazards; using risk assessment tools; developing consensus about degree of risk; and selling the team’s proposed risk reduction measures to management. This paper describes the stages of the TR3 process and focuses on engineering leadership skill development. Leadership must face the challenges of change and instill a sense of trust in the process so that a machine risk assessment team’s injury reduction work can be effective.

scholarly journals Copernicus Sentinel imagery for more risk-resilient historic cities in coastal zones: contribution to the monitoring of Albenga archaeological site and delta of river Centa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Cuca
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Flooding Hazard ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
Extreme Flooding

Abstract Earth observation (EO) technologies and products are traditionally providing an extremely important contribution to a more efficient management of built areas and people during emergencies. Their employment could be extremely useful in monitoring and risk assessment of protected monument and sites situated in potentially vulnerable areas such as costal zones. Change detection has a crucial role in such activities, especially in case of hazardous events—on one side, this method can provide inputs in the phases of risk assessment and rapid mapping for immediate response; on the other side, over prolonged periods of time after the event, change detection can be used for purposes of option analysis of technical solutions and for overall recovery planning of the site. Workflow proposed is based on the use of Copernicus Sentinel-2 data to provide the comparison of changes occurring during extreme flooding events of river Centa, Liguria. Firstly, an investigation of NDVI and NDWI of the extreme flooding event occurring in November 2019 was conducted. The event was then put in correlation with another previously studied flooding hazard occurring in 2016 in the same area that has caused severe damages to the archaeological remains of the medieval church of San Clemente, situated within the Centa riverbed. In conclusion, the results from both years have been compared with ground truth data of topographic database in order to observe the extension of the flooded area and to provide contribution to the monitoring activities. The aim of the research was to offer some novel insight for a more informed decision-making during the risk assessment, risk management and resilience phases regarding the vulnerable built heritage sites found in coastal areas.

scholarly journals A framework to include the (inter)dependencies of Disaster Risk Reduction measures in coastal risk assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Cumiskey ◽  
Sally Priest ◽  
Nikolay Valchev ◽  
Christophe Viavattene ◽  
Susana Costas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Coastal Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

scholarly journals Integrated Environmental Risk Assessment of Major Accidents in the Transport of Hazardous Substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11993
Author(s):  
Ales Bernatik ◽  
David Rehak ◽  
Valerio Cozzani ◽  
Pavel Foltin ◽  
Jarmil Valasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Risk Sources ◽  
Risk Potential

At present, the environmental risk assessment of major accidents is mainly carried out for stationary risk sources. Only marginal attention is paid to mobile risk sources, while the currently available methodologies require a relevant expertise and time for their application, which is only partially possible in most scenarios. In the present study, an integrated approach to environmental risk assessment in the transport of hazardous substances (iTRANSRISK) was developed. The approach proposed is based on the principle of index-based assessment of leakage scenarios involving toxic and flammable substances during transport, in the context of indexing environmental vulnerability. The key point of the method is the conversion of local-specific data concerning the risk potential of the transported substance, the consequences and the probability of a major accident, and environmental vulnerability assessment into a single entity. The created integral approach is proposed for the needs of carriers of the hazardous substances and the state administration bodies. The proposed approach is determined for the screening risk assessment at the beginning of the process of the planning a suitable transport routes and the results are for information only. An example of the application of the iTRANSRISK integrated approach is demonstrated considering an explosion scenario following a propane tanker leak (18 t) in a forested area, with moderately susceptible soils and no surface water or groundwater affected.

scholarly journals From Tsunami Risk Assessment to Disaster Risk Reduction. The case of Oman

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Aguirre Ayerbe ◽  
Jara Martínez Sánchez ◽  
Íñigo Aniel-Quiroga ◽  
Pino González Riancho ◽  
María Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Makran Subduction Zone ◽  
Integrated Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

Abstract. Oman is located in an area of high seismicity, facing the Makran Subduction Zone, which is the major source of earthquakes in the eastern border of the Arabian plate. These earthquakes, as evidenced by several past events, may trigger a tsunami event. The aim of this work is to minimize the consequences that tsunami events may cause in coastal communities by integrating tsunami risk assessment and risk reduction measures as part of the risk-management preparedness strategy. An integrated risk assessment approach and the analysis of site-specific conditions permitted to propose target-oriented risk reduction measures. The process included a participatory approach, involving a panel of local and international experts. One of the main concerns of this work was to obtain a really useful outcome for the actual improvement of tsunami risk management in Oman. This goal was achieved through the development of comprehensive and functional management tools such as the Tsunami Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Atlas and the Risk Reduction Measures Handbook, which will help to design and plan a roadmap towards risk reduction.

Pipeline Risk Assessment Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirous F. Yasseri ◽  
R. B. Mahani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Risk Reduction Measure ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Deciding on the effectiveness of risk reduction measures is a common problem that involves tradeoffs among multiple different and generally qualitative criteria. Often risk mitigation measures implemented for pipeline risk reduction cannot be easily quantified, but it can be ranked. Hence, there is a need to identify which risk reduction measure is the most effective amongst the competing options. This paper uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach to select optimal solutions that best satisfies all of the decision maker’s requirements. This paper presents the development of an AHP model and the derivation of a quality index. The model is used for a hypothetical case study of various remediation works to an existing pipeline. The advantages of using such a technique are also discussed. This proposed model of risk assessment is useful for risk management during the planning and building stages of a new pipeline, as well as for modification and changes of use for an existing pipeline.

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