scholarly journals The role of different factors related to social impact of heavy rain events: considerations about the intensity thresholds in densely populated areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1843-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Barbería ◽  
J. Amaro ◽  
M. Aran ◽  
M. C. Llasat
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Weather Event ◽  
Impact Index ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the assessment of social impact caused by meteorological events, factors of different natures need to be considered. Not only does hazard itself determine the impact that a severe weather event has on society, but also other features related to vulnerability and exposure. The requests of data related to insurance claims received in meteorological services proved to be a good indicator of the social impact that a weather event causes, according to studies carried out by the Social Impact Research Group, created within the framework of the MEDEX project. Taking these requests as proxy data, diverse aspects connected to the impact of heavy rain events have been studied. The rainfall intensity, in conjunction with the population density, has established itself as one of the key factors in social impact studies. One of the conclusions we obtained is that various thresholds of rainfall should be applied for areas of varying populations. In this study, the role of rainfall intensity has been analysed for a highly populated urban area like Barcelona. A period without significant population changes has been selected for the study to minimise the effects linked to vulnerability and exposure modifications. First, correlations between rainfall recorded in different time intervals and requests were carried out. Afterwards, a method to include the intensity factor in the social impact index was suggested based on return periods given by intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves.

scholarly journals The role of different factors related to social impact of heavy rain events: considerations about the intensity thresholds in densely populated areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-489
Author(s):  
L. Barbería ◽  
J. Amaro ◽  
M. Aran ◽  
M. C. Llasat
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Weather Event ◽  
Impact Index ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the assessment of social impact caused by meteorological events, factors of different nature need to be considered. Not only does hazard itself determine the impact that a severe weather event has on society, but also other features related to vulnerability and exposure. The requests of data related to insurance claims received in Meteorological Services proved to be a good indicator of the social impact that a weather event causes, according to studies carried out by the Social Impact Research Group, created under the frame of the MEDEX project. Taking these requests as proxy data, diverse aspects connected to the impact of heavy rain events have been studied. The rainfall intensity in conjunction with the population density has demonstrated to be one of the key factors in social impact studies. One of the conclusions we obtained is that various thresholds of rainfall should be applied for differently populated areas. In this study, the role of rainfall intensity has been analysed for a highly populated urban area like Barcelona. A period without significant population changes has been selected for the study to minimise the effects linked to vulnerability and exposure. First, correlations between rainfall recorded in different time intervals and requests have been carried out. Afterwards, a method to include the intensity factor in the social impact index has been suggested, based on return periods given by Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves.

How impact measurement devices act: the performativity of theory of change, SROI and dashboards

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Ruff
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Impact Measurement ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to examine the role of devices in assessing the social impact of an organization. The study examines the effects of device and analyst expertise on the contents and conclusions of the report. Design/methodology/approach Six impact reports based on the same data from the same organization were compared to each other, to the charity data and to the devices used. Specific attention is paid to the role of the device’s sociomaterial form and discursive entanglements. Findings The six reports assessed the impact differently from each other and in ways that were consistent with the devices used. The devices performatively reconfigured the charity in impact reports through a series of omissions and misrepresentations which could be traced to the discourses hardwired into the devices themselves. The devices did not simply present the same impact assessment to different audiences or for different purposes, but (mis)represented the charity in specific ways aligned with the discursive entanglements. Research limitations/implications The performativity of sociomaterial impact devices has implications for how researchers approach the study of impact measurement. Practical implications In this study, faithful adherence to an impact device led to greater omissions and misrepresentations than less expert impact assessments. Analysts should be supported to identify biases in their devices and be aware of sorts of omissions and misrepresentations that may result. Faithful adherence may not be the mark of rigorous analysis. Originality/value Performativity of impact measurement devices is explored with a unique data set.

scholarly journals Brexit, immigration and expanded markets of social control

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Steven Hirschler
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Voter Decision Making ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of EU citizens’ exposure to UK immigration practices currently operating on non-EU migrants in the wake of the Brexit referendum. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on recent literature analysing the impact of immigration as a factor in voter decision making during the Brexit referendum. It challenges Hollifield’s (1992) concept of the “liberal paradox” through an analysis of private security firms’ roles in contributing towards the expansion of immigration control markets. The paper concludes with a review of migrant experiences within prisons, detention facilities and dispersed housing for asylum seekers. Findings The findings suggest that the abandonment of EU citizens’ freedom of movement into the UK will result in their exposure to a privatised immigration control regime that contributes to the commodification of immigrants at the expense of human welfare. Originality/value This paper provides a conceptual link between the role of immigration in the Brexit referendum and the implications of expanding the population of persons subject to immigration control to include EU immigrants. It draws on current debates about privatised social control markets to illuminate the social impact of valorising migrant bodies.

scholarly journals Are Universities Patent Trolls?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Patent Licensing ◽  
Second Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

The confluence of two significant developments in modern patent practiceleads me to write a paper with such a provocative title. The firstdevelopment is the rise of hold-up as a primary component of patentlitigation and patent licensing. The second development in the last threedecades is the massive surge in university patenting. At the confluence ofthese developments is a growing frustration on the part of industry withthe role of universities as patent owners. Time and again, when I talk topeople in a variety of industries, their view is that universities are thenew patent trolls.In this paper, I argue that Universities should take a broader view oftheir role in technology transfer. University technology transfer ought tohave as its goal maximizing the social impact of technology, not merelymaximizing the university's licensing revenue. Sometimes those goals willcoincide with the university's short-term financial interests. Sometimesuniversities will maximize the impact of an invention on society bygranting exclusive licenses for substantial revenue to a company that willtake the invention and commercialize it. Sometimes, but not always. Atother times a non-exclusive license, particularly on a basic enablingtechnology, will ultimately maximize the invention's impact on society byallowing a large number of people to commercialize in different areas, totry out different things and see if they work, and the like. Universitypolicies might be made more nuanced than simply a choice between exclusiveand nonexclusive licenses. For example, they might grant field-specificexclusivity, or exclusivity only for a limited term, or exclusivity onlyfor commercial sales while exempting research, and they might conditioncontinued exclusivity on achievement of certain dissemination goals.Finally, particularly in the software context, there are many circumstancesin which the social impact of technology transfer is maximized either bythe university not patenting at all or by granting licenses to thosepatents on a royalty-free basis to all comers.Finally, I think we can learn something about the raging debate over who'sa patent troll and what to do about trolls by looking at universitypatents. Universities are non-practicing entities. They share somecharacteristics with trolls, at least if the term is broadly defined, butthey are not trolls. Asking what distinguishes universities from trolls canactually help us figure out what concerns us about trolls. What we ought todo is abandon the search for a group of individual companies to define astrolls. In my view, troll is as troll does. Universities will sometimes bebad actors. Nonmanufacturing patent owners will sometimes be bad actors.Manufacturing patent owners will sometimes be bad actors. Instead ofsingling out bad actors, we should focus on the bad acts and the laws thatmake them possible.

scholarly journals Preliminary results of the Social Impact Research Group of MEDEX: the request database (2000–2002) of two Meteorological Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2643-2652 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Amaro ◽  
M. Gayà ◽  
M. Aran ◽  
M. C. Llasat
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Impact Research ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. One of the aims of the MEDEX project is to improve the knowledge of high-impact weather events in the Mediterranean. According to the guidelines of this project, a pilot study was carried out in two regions of Spain (the Balearic Islands and Catalonia) by the Social Impact Research group of MEDEX. The main goal is to suggest some general and suitable criteria about how to analyse requests received in Meteorological Services arising out of the damage caused by weather events. Thus, all the requests received between 2000 and 2002 at the Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya as well as at the Division of AEMET in the Balearic Islands were analysed. Firstly, the proposed criteria in order to build the database are defined and discussed. Secondly, the temporal distribution of the requests for damage claims is analysed. On average, almost half of them were received during the first month after the event happened. During the first six months, the percentage increases by 90%. Thirdly, various factors are taken into account to determine the impact of specific events on society. It is remarkable that the greatest number of requests is for those episodes with simultaneous heavy rain and strong wind, and finally, those that are linked to high population density.

PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK ORIENTASI EKSPOR DAN INOVASI PRODUK PADA UMKM ROTAN INDAH JEPARA

Al-Khidmat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
A Khoirul Anam ◽  
Miftah Arifin ◽  
Anna Widiastuti ◽  
Zainul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
The Impact

AbstrakProgram pengabdian ini diarahkan pada pengembangan produk orientasi ekspor dan inovasi produk pada UMKM Rotan Indah Jepara. Nilai strategis UMKM mitra binaan adalah peningkatan daya saing menuju pasar sasaran ekspor, melalui pendekatan pemberdayaan UMKM pada penerapan teknologi tepat guna, peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi, serta penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan. Pendampingan terhadap Rotan Indah Jepara penting dilakukan mengingat peran strategis industri ini, dalam bentuk peningkatan kesejahteraan pelaku usaha, dan masyarakat sekitar. Dampak keberhasilan dari pelaksanaan program pengabdian ini dilihat dari dampak ekonomi maupun dampak sosial. Dampak dan manfaat kegiatan diantaranya dilihat dari peningkatan jumlah produksi dan omset penjualan, perubahan sosial, serta efektivitas dan peningkatan produktivitas, sebagai dampak dari adanya perubahan pola kerja, sistem dan teknologi yang digunakan.  AbstractThis community engagement program is directed at developing export-oriented products and product innovation of Rattan Indah Jepara MSMEs. The strategic value of the fostered MSME partners is increasing competitiveness towards export target markets, through the approach to empowering MSMEs in the application of appropriate science and technology, increasing the quality and quantity of production, and strengthening institutional capacity. Assistance to Rattan Indah Jepara is important given the strategic role of this industry, in the form of improving the welfare of business actors and the surrounding community. The impact of the success of the implementation of this program is seen from the economic impact as well as the social impact. The impacts and benefits of the activities can be seen from the increase in the amount of production and sales turnover, social changes, as well as the effectiveness and increase in productivity, as a result of changes in work patterns, systems, and technology used.  

Research on the Effects of Over-the-Counter Drug Advertising

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Kanter
Keyword(s):  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Pharmaceutical Advertising ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Drug Advertising ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Commercial Advertising ◽  
The Impact

Dr. Kanter presents a summary of his research assessing the role of OTC advertising in Influencing drug usage. His work represents the only systematic study of the impact of commercial advertising on drug usage. He stresses that advertising in itself does not directly lead to drug misuse but should be considered as part of a host of factors in the social environment and in the media environment that have significant influence in determining people's behavior. He also urged that the existing pharmaceutical advertising codes, which are often violated, be reviewed and strengthened.

scholarly journals Exploring the effectiveness of a COVID-19 contact tracing app using an agent-based model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Almagor ◽  
Stefano Picascia
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
User Rate

AbstractA contact-tracing strategy has been deemed necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19 following the relaxation of lockdown measures. Using an agent-based model, we explore one of the technology-based strategies proposed, a contact-tracing smartphone app. The model simulates the spread of COVID-19 in a population of agents on an urban scale. Agents are heterogeneous in their characteristics and are linked in a multi-layered network representing the social structure—including households, friendships, employment and schools. We explore the interplay of various adoption rates of the contact-tracing app, different levels of testing capacity, and behavioural factors to assess the impact on the epidemic. Results suggest that a contact tracing app can contribute substantially to reducing infection rates in the population when accompanied by a sufficient testing capacity or when the testing policy prioritises symptomatic cases. As user rate increases, prevalence of infection decreases. With that, when symptomatic cases are not prioritised for testing, a high rate of app users can generate an extensive increase in the demand for testing, which, if not met with adequate supply, may render the app counterproductive. This points to the crucial role of an efficient testing policy and the necessity to upscale testing capacity.

scholarly journals The impact of young people's participation in events

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Hixson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
School Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sense Of Involvement ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the social impact that two events, the Adelaide Fringe Festival and the Clipsal 500, have on young residents (16-19 years old) of Adelaide. The purpose of this paper is to examine how young people participate in these events and how this affects their sense of involvement in the event and contributes to their identity development. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed methods approach was adopted in which focus groups and questionnaires were conducted with secondary school students. As an exploratory study, focus groups (n=24) were conducted in the first stage of the research. The results of the focus groups were used to develop a questionnaire that resulted in 226 useable responses. The final stage of the research explored one event in further depth in order to determine the influence of different participation levels. Findings – This study found that young people demonstrated more involvement in the Adelaide Fringe Festival and their identities were more influenced by this event. Further investigation of the Adelaide Fringe Festival also indicated that level of participation affects the social outcomes gained, with those participating to a greater degree achieving higher involvement and increased identity awareness. This is demonstrated through a model which aims to illustrate how an event impact an individual based on their role during the event. Originality/value – This paper applies two leisure concepts in order to analyse the impact of events. Activity involvement is a concept which examines the importance of the activity in the participant's life. Also of importance to young people is how activities contribute to their identities, especially because they are in a transitional period of their lives.

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