scholarly journals Review article: The spatial dimension in the assessment of urban socio-economic vulnerability related to geohazards

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1663-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Contreras ◽  
Alondra Chamorro ◽  
Sean Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Spatial Assessment ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Spatial Indexes

Abstract. Society and economy are only two of the dimensions of vulnerability. This paper aims to elucidate the state of the art of data sources, spatial variables, indicators, methods, indexes and tools for the spatial assessment of socio-economic vulnerability (SEV) related to geohazards. This review was first conducted in December 2018 and re-run in March 2020 for the period between 2010 and 2020. The gross number of articles reviewed was 27, from which we identified 18 relevant references using a revised search query and six relevant references identified using the initial query, giving a total sample of 24 references. The most common source of data remains population censuses. The most recurrent spatial variable used for the assessment of SEV is households without basic services, while critical facilities are the most frequent spatial category. Traditional methods have been combined with more innovative and complex methods to select and weight spatial indicators and develop indices. The Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI®) remains the benchmark for the assessment of SEV and a reference for its spatial assessment. Geographic information systems (GIS) is the most common tool for conducting a spatial assessment of SEV regarding geohazards. For future spatial assessments of SEV regarding geohazards, we recommend considering 3-D spatial indexes at the microscale at the urban level and involving the community in the assessments.

scholarly journals The spatial dimension in the assessment of socio-economic vulnerability challenges for an application on an urban scale, a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Contreras ◽  
Alondra Chamorro
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Spatial Assessment ◽  
Spatial Variables ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
The Social

Abstract. The social and economic dimensions are only two of the dimensions of vulnerability. This paper aims to review the various case study areas, hazards, methods, spatial variables/indicators/indexes and tools addressed and used in the spatial assessment of socio-economic vulnerability in the period between 2008 and 2018. This review was conducted in December 2018. For the purposes of this study, Clarivate Analytics was the primary source of information. The gross number of articles reviewed was 235. We found 42 highly relevant articles, 27 articles of medium relevance, 15 of low relevance and 151 of no relevance. However, only 21 articles containing content considered highly relevant were included in the final analysis. The highest numbers of case study areas for the spatial analysis of socio-economic vulnerability are in China, the US, India and Germany. Most of the articles that consider the spatial dimension in the assessment of socio-economic vulnerability are related to floods. The Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI®) remains the benchmark for the assessment of socio-economic vulnerability. In the spatial assessment of socio-economic vulnerability, urban facilities are the most frequent variables, and population density is the most common indicator. The Social Vulnerability (SV) index and Spatial Vulnerability Units (SVU) are benchmarks of what it is a spatial index to evaluate socio-economic vulnerability in the urban context. In summary, we identified 21 spatial variables, 19 spatial indicators and four spatial indexes. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), statistical analysis and programming languages are tools used by the scientists for the assessment of socio-economic vulnerability. Nevertheless, after the review, we can conclude that it is not sufficient to only estimate the specific level of vulnerability per unit area; it is also necessary to determine the influence of the spatial component in this degree of socio-economic vulnerability.

Increased Socio-economic Vulnerability in the Floodplains of Brahmaputra Basin, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukrati Gautam ◽  
Apoorva Singh ◽  
Chandrika Thulaseedharan Dhanya
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Lulc Changes ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Brahmaputra Basin

<p>Floods are a recurrent natural phenomenon in the Brahmaputra basin, India’s one of the major river basin. The government employed flood mitigation strategies that have mainly been focused on structural measures that involve the construction of dams, embankments, dykes, and anti-erosion structures. Consequently, the economic investments in Flood Protection Structures (FPS) have significantly increased over time. However, despite significant FPS investments, the socio-economic losses due to floods are reportedly intensifying. In this study on coupled human flood systems, our aim is to resolve this paradox through a stepwise methodology. Firstly, land use land cover (LULC) changes are investigated before and after the completion of 74 FPS units, constructed over the past two decades. The proximity to settlement used as a proxy measure of socio-economic characteristics shows a consistent land-use growth pattern. Secondly, a socio-vulnerability index (SoVI) is developed based on the population density, distance from the river, vegetation, soil type, and LULC changes. Furthermore, SoVI maps are developed by integrating the weighted maps of the above socio-economic factors. A significant increase in the socio-economic vulnerability is observed in the floodplains of Brahmaputra, possibly due to the provision of a false sense of security. This study, hence, establishes a causal relationship between the increase in social vulnerability index and the increased FPS investments. These results are expected to help the stakeholders to identify the critical characteristics that escalate the social vulnerability in the flood plains and thereby to strategize the investments in FPS.</p>

scholarly journals MAPPING TSUNAMI VULNERABILITY FOR MATARAM CITY IN LOMBOK ISLAND – INDONESIA: A PHYSICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC ASSESSMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Andhi Pratama Putra
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Physical Vulnerability ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Physical Vulnerability Index ◽  
Lombok Island

<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Letak kedekatan lokasi geografis dengan lempeng tektonik <em>Eurasian</em> dan <em>Indo-Australian</em> membawa konsekuensi logis terhadap tingginya resiko kebencanaan, terutama gempa dan tsunami, bagi Indonesia. Kota Mataram yang merupakan ibukota Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat merupakan salah satu wilayah yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus terhadap resiko bencana tsunami. Sebagai langkah awal, identifikasi lokasi yang paling rentan terhadap resiko bencana tsunami perlu dilakukan dengan memadukan aspek-aspek fisik, sosial dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasikan lokasi paling rentan terhadap resiko bencana tsunami di Kota Mataram dengan menggunakan analisa sistem informasi geografis (<em>GIS</em>). Penilaian dilakukan dengan mengembangkan Indeks Gabungan (<em>Composite Index</em>) berupa <em>Total Vulnerability Index</em> (<em>TVI</em>) yang merupakan kombinasi Indeks Kerentanan Fisik/ <em>Physical Vulnerability Index</em> (<em>PVI</em>), Indeks Kerentanan Sosial/ <em>Social Vulnerability Index</em> (<em>SVI</em>) dan Indeks Kerentanan Ekonomi/ <em>Economic Vulnerability Index</em> (<em>EVI</em>). Hasil analisis berhasil menemukenali bahwa Kota Tua Ampenan merupakan wilayah di Kota Mataram dengan nilai indeks gabungan tertinggi yang mencerminkan tingkat kerentanan yang paling tinggi.</span></p>

scholarly journals Social Vulnerability across the Great Lakes Basin: A County-Level Comparative and Spatial Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7274
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Fergen ◽  
Ryan D. Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Social Vulnerabilities

Social vulnerability refers to how social positions affect the ability to access resources during a disaster or disturbance, but there is limited empirical examination of its spatial patterns in the Great Lakes Basin (GLB) region of North America. In this study, we map four themes of social vulnerability for the GLB by using the Center for Disease Control’s Social Vulnerability Index (CDC SVI) for every county in the basin and compare mean scores for each sub-basin to assess inter-basin differences. Additionally, we map LISA results to identify clusters of high and low social vulnerability along with the outliers across the region. Results show the spatial patterns depend on the social vulnerability theme selected, with some overlapping clusters of high vulnerability existing in Northern and Central Michigan, and clusters of low vulnerability in Eastern Wisconsin along with outliers across the basins. Differences in these patterns also indicate the existence of an urban–rural dimension to the variance in social vulnerabilities measured in this study. Understanding regional patterns of social vulnerability help identify the most vulnerable people, and this paper presents a framework for policymakers and researchers to address the unique social vulnerabilities across heterogeneous regions.

scholarly journals Applying the Social Vulnerability Index as a Leading Indicator to Protect Fire-Based Emergency Medical Service Responders’ Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8049
Author(s):  
Emily J. Haas ◽  
Alexa Furek ◽  
Megan Casey ◽  
Katherine N. Yoon ◽  
Susan M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Fire Departments ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Leading Indicator ◽  
Increased Risk

During emergencies, areas with higher social vulnerability experience an increased risk for negative health outcomes. However, research has not extrapolated this concept to understand how the workers who respond to these areas may be affected. Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) merged approximately 160,000 emergency response calls received from three fire departments during the COVID-19 pandemic with the CDC’s publicly available Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to examine the utility of SVI as a leading indicator of occupational health and safety risks. Multiple regressions, binomial logit models, and relative weights analyses were used to answer the research questions. Researchers found that higher social vulnerability on household composition, minority/language, and housing/transportation increase the risk of first responders’ exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Higher socioeconomic, household, and minority vulnerability were significantly associated with response calls that required emergency treatment and transport in comparison to fire-related or other calls that are also managed by fire departments. These results have implications for more strategic emergency response planning during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as improving Total Worker Health® and future of work initiatives at the worker and workplace levels within the fire service industry.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of mass treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infection in socially vulnerable areas of a state in northeastern Brazil, 2011–2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Silvestre Outtes Wanderley ◽  
Ulisses Montarroyos ◽  
Cristine Bonfim ◽  
Carolina Cunha-Correia
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Mass Treatment ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Treatment Information

Abstract Background To assess the effectiveness of mass treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infection in socially vulnerable endemic areas in northeastern Brazil. Method An ecological study was conducted, in which 118 localities in 30 municipalities in the state of Pernambuco were screened before 2011 and in 2014 (after mass treatment). Information on the endemic baseline index, mass treatment coverage, socio-environmental conditions and social vulnerability index were used in the multiple correspondence analysis. One hundred fourteen thousand nine hundred eighty-seven people in 118 locations were examined. Results The first two dimensions of the multiple correspondence analysis represented 55.3% of the variability between locations. The human capital component of the social vulnerability index showed an association with the baseline endemicity index. There was a significant reduction in positivity for schistosomes. For two rounds, for every extra 1% of initial endemicity index, the fixed effect of 13.62% increased by 0.0003%, achieving at most 15.94%. Conclusions The mass treatment intervention helped to reduce transmission of schistosomiasis in areas of high endemicity. Thus, it can be recommended that application of mass treatment should be accompanied by other control actions, such as basic sanitation, monitoring of intermediate vectors and case surveillance.

Impact of Social Vulnerability on Access to Educational Programming Designed to Enhance Living Donation

2021 ◽  
pp. 152692482110460
Author(s):  
Alexis J. Carter ◽  
Rhiannon D. Reed ◽  
A. Cozette Kale ◽  
Haiyan Qu ◽  
Vineeta Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Research Question ◽  
College Education ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Transplant Candidate

Introduction Transplant candidate participation in the Living Donor Navigator Program is associated with an increased likelihood of achieving living donor kidney transplantation; yet not every transplant candidate participates in navigator programming. Research Question We sought to assess interest and ability to participate in the Living Donor Navigator Program by the degree of social vulnerability. Design Eighty-two adult kidney-only candidates initiating evaluation at our center provided Likert-scaled responses to survey questions on interest and ability to participate in the Living Donor Navigator Program. Surveys were linked at the participant-level to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index and county health rankings and overall social vulnerability and subthemes, individual barriers, telehealth capabilities/ knowledge, interest, and ability to participate were assessed utilizing nonparametric Wilcoxon ranks sums tests, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. Results Participants indicating distance as a barrier to participation in navigator programming lived approximately 82 miles farther from our center. Disinterested participants lived in areas with the highest social vulnerability, higher physical inactivity rates, lower college education rates, and higher uninsurance (lack of insurance) and unemployment rates. Similarly, participants without a computer, who never heard of telehealth, and who were not encouraged to participate in telehealth resided in areas of highest social vulnerability. Conclusion These data suggest geography combined with being from under-resourced areas with high social vulnerability was negatively associated with health care engagement. Geography and poverty may be surrogates for lower health literacy and fewer health care interactions.

Creation of a social vulnerability index for justice in health planning

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G E Alan Dever ◽  
Mark Sciegaj ◽  
Thomas E. Wade ◽  
Teresa C. Lofton
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index
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