scholarly journals Simulation of blue and green water resources in the Wei River basin, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Xu ◽  
D. Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
The Wei River Basin ◽  
Wei River Basin ◽  
Wei River

Abstract. The Wei River is the largest tributary of the Yellow River in China and it is suffering from water scarcity and water pollution. In order to quantify the amount of water resources in the study area, a hydrological modelling approach was applied by using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), calibrated and validated with SUFI-2 (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting program) based on river discharge in the Wei River basin (WRB). Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were also performed to improve the model performance. Water resources components of blue water flow, green water flow and green water storage were estimated at the HRU (Hydrological Response Unit) scales. Water resources in HRUs were also aggregated to sub-basins, river catchments, and then city/region scales for further analysis. The results showed that most parts of the WRB experienced a decrease in blue water resources between the 1960s and 2000s, with a minimum value in the 1990s. The decrease is particularly significant in the most southern part of the WRB (Guanzhong Plain), one of the most important grain production basements in China. Variations of green water flow and green water storage were relatively small on the spatial and temporal dimensions. This study provides strategic information for optimal utilization of water resources and planning of cultivating seasons in the Wei River basin.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effect of Land Use Change and Climate Variability on Green Water Resources in the Xihe River Basin, Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leting Lyu ◽  
Xiaorui Wang ◽  
Caizhi Sun ◽  
Tiantian Ren ◽  
Defeng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Relative Change

Based on a land use interpretation and distributed hydrological model, soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), this study simulated the hydrological cycle in Xihe River Basin in northern China. In addition, the influence of climate variability and land use change on green water resources in the basin from 1995 to 2015 was analyzed. The results show that (1) The ENS (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient) and R2 (coefficient of determination) were 0.94 and 0.89, respectively, in the calibration period, and 0.89 and 0.88, respectively, in the validation period. These indicate high simulation accuracy; (2) Changes in green water flow and green water storage due to climate variability accounted for increases of 2.07 mm/a and 1.28 mm/a, respectively. The relative change rates were 0.49% and 0.9%, respectively, and the green water coefficient decreased by 1%; (3) Changes in green water flow and green water storage due to land use change accounted for increases of 69.15 mm and 48.82 mm, respectively. The relative change rates were 16.4% and 37.2%, respectively, and the green water coefficient increased by 10%; (4) Affected by both climate variability and land use change, green water resources increased by 121.3 mm and the green water coefficient increased by 9% in the Xihe River Basin. It is noteworthy that the influence of land use change was greater than that of climate variability.

scholarly journals Impact of LUCC on Streamflow using the SWAT Model over the Wei River Basin on the Loess Plateau of China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Fubao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
The Wei River Basin ◽  
Soil Flow ◽  
Wei River Basin ◽  
Wei River

Abstract. Under the Grain for Green project in China, vegetation recovery constructions have been widely implemented on the Loess Plateau for the purpose of soil and water conservation. Now it becomes controversial whether the recovery constructions of vegetation, particularly forest, is reducing streamflow in rivers of the Yellow River Basin. In this study, we choose the Wei River, the largest branch of the Yellow River and implemented with revegetation constructions, as the study area. To do that, we apply the widely used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for the upper and middle reaches of the – Wei River basin. The SWAT model was forced with daily observed meteorological forcings (1960–2009), calibrated against daily streamflow for 1960–1969, validated for the period of 1970–1979 and used for analysis for 1980–2009. To investigate the impact of the LUCC (Land Use and land Cover Change) on the streamflow, we firstly use two observed land use maps of 1980 and 2005 that are based on national land survey statistics emerged with satellite observations. We found that the mean streamflow generated by using the 2005 land use map decreased in comparison with that using the 1980 one, with the same meteorological forcings. Of particular interest here, we found the streamflow decreased in agricultural land but increased in forest area. More specifically, the surface runoff, soil flow and baseflow all decreased in agricultural land, while the soil flow and baseflow of forest were increased. To investigate that, we then designed five scenarios including (S1) the present land use (1980), (S2) 10 %, (S3) 20 %, (S4) 40 % and (S5) 100 % of agricultural land was converted into forest. We found that the streamflow consistently increased with agricultural land converted into forest by about 7.4 mm per 10 %. Our modeling results suggest that forest recovery constructions have positive impact on both soil flow and base flow compensating reduced surface runoff, which leads to a slight increase in streamflow in the Wei River with mixed landscapes of Loess Plateau and earth-rock mountain.

scholarly journals Precipitation Trends and Alteration in Wei River Basin: Implication for Water Resources Management in the Transitional Zone between Plain and Loess Plateau, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Gong ◽  
Wei ◽  
Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Wei River Basin ◽  
Wei River Basin ◽  
Wei River

Precipitation plays a critical role in water resources management, and trend changes and alterations thereof are crucial to regional or basin water security, disaster prevention, and ecological restoration under a changing environment. In order to explore the implications of precipitation variation for water resources management, taking the Wei River Basin (a transitional zone between the Guanzhong Plain and Loess Plateau) as an example, this paper proposes an index system, namely the index of precipitation alteration (IPA), to evaluate changes in precipitation and investigate their potential influence on water resources management. The system includes 17 indicators gained from observed daily rainfall, involving some structural precipitation indicators describing the precipitation patterns and some functional precipitation indicators influencing utilization of watershed water resources. Non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical test is employed to identify the IPA trend change, and range of variability approach is used to evaluate the variation of IPA. The analysis results in Wei River Basin show that IPA varies with different spatial and temporal distributions. Overall, although the annual total precipitation declined in the study area, the frequency of extreme events was increased during 1955–2012. In the face of severe climate change patterns, it is necessary to establish the precipitation index to evaluate the change of precipitation and to provide useful information for future precipitation assessments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of blue and green water resources in the upper Yellow River basin of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
Xiaoxi Gao ◽  
Depeng Zuo ◽  
Zongxue Xu ◽  
Siyang Cai ◽  
Han Xianming
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Green Water ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Upper Yellow River

Abstract. The total amount of water resources severely affects socioeconomic development of a region or watershed, which means that accurate quantification of the total amount of water resources is vital for the area, especially for the arid and semi-arid regions. Traditional evaluation of water resources only focused on the qualification of blue water, while the importance of green water was not fully considered. As the second largest river in China, the Yellow River plays an important role in socioeconomic development of the Yellow River basin. Therefore, the blue and green water resources in the upper Yellow River basin (UYRB) were evaluated by the SWAT model in this study. The results show that the average annual total amount of water resources in the UYRB was 140.5 billion m3, in which the blue water resources is 37.8 billion m3, and green water resources is 107.7 billion m3. The intra-annual variability of the blue water and green water is relatively similar during the same period. The higher temperature, the greater difference between the blue and green water. The inter-annual variability of the blue and green water shows that the trends in precipitation, blue and green water have a relatively similar characteristic. The spatial distribution of the blue and green water is characteristic with gradually decreasing from the northwest to the southeast, and the blue water around the main stream is greater than that in the other areas.

Spatiotemporal Change of Blue Water and Green Water Resources in the Headwater of Yellow River Basin, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (13) ◽  
pp. 4715-4732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibin Zhang ◽  
Xiaochun Zha ◽  
Jiaxing Li ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Yugai Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Spatiotemporal Change

scholarly journals Dynamics of green and blue water flows and their controlling factors in Heihe River basin of northwestern China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisheng Luo ◽  
Fulu Tao
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Heihe River Basin ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Green And Blue Water ◽  
County Scale

Abstract. Climate variation will affect hydrological cycle, as well as the availability of water resources. In spite of large progresses have been made in the dynamics of hydrological cycle variables, the dynamics and drivers of blue water flow, green water flow and total flow (three flows), as well as the proportion of green water (GWC), in the past and future at county scale, were scarcely investigated. In this study, taking the Heihe River basin in China as an example, we investigated the dynamics of green and blue water flows and their controlling factors during 1980–2009 using five statistical approaches and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). We found that there were large variations in the dynamics of green and blue water flows during 1980–2009 at the county scale. Three flows in all counties showed an increasing trend except Jiayuguan and Jianta county. The GWC showed a downward trend in the Qilian, Suzhou, Shandan, Linze and Gaotai counties, but an upward trend in the Mingle, Sunan, Jinta, Jiayuguan, Ganzhou and Ejilaqi counties. In all the counties, the three flows and GWC had strong persistent trends in the future, which are mainly ascribed to rainfall variation. In the Qilian and Shandan counties, rainfall was the major controlling factor for the three flows and GWC. Rainfall controlled the green water and total flows in the Mingle, Linze and Gaotai counties; green water flow and GWC in the Suzhou county; green water flow, total flow and GWC in the Jinta and Ejilaqi counties. Our results also showed that the "Heihe River basin allocation project" had significant influences on the abrupt changes of the flows above-mentioned. Our results illustrate the status of the water resources at county scale, providing a reference for water resources management of inland river basins.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on stream flow and sediment discharge in the Wei River basin, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gao ◽  
V. Geissen ◽  
C. J. Ritsema ◽  
X.-M. Mu ◽  
F. Wang
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
The Wei River Basin ◽  
Double Mass ◽  
The Yellow River Basin ◽  
Wei River Basin ◽  
Wei River

Abstract. Reduced stream flow and increased sediment discharge are a major concern in the Yellow River basin of China, which supplies water for agriculture, industry and the growing populations located along the river. Similar concerns exist in the Wei River basin, which is the largest tributary of the Yellow River basin and comprises the highly eroded Loess Plateau. Better understanding of the drivers of stream flow and sediment discharge dynamics in the Wei River basin is needed for development of effective management strategies for the region and entire Yellow River basin. In this regard we analysed long-term trends for water and sediment discharge during the flood season in the Wei River basin, China. Stream flow and sediment discharge data for 1932 to 2008 from existing hydrological stations located in two subcatchments and at two points in the Wei River were analysed. Precipitation and air temperature data were analysed from corresponding meteorological stations. We identified change-points or transition years for the trends by the Pettitt method and, using double mass curves, we diagnosed whether they were caused by precipitation changes, human intervention, or both. We found significant decreasing trends for stream flow and sediment discharge during the flood season in both subcatchments and in the Wei River itself. Change-point analyses further revealed that transition years existed and that rapid decline in stream flow began in 1968 (P < 0.01), and that sediment discharge began in 1981 (P < 0.01) in the main river. In the two subcatchments, the transition years were 1985 (P < 0.01) and 1994 (P < 0.05) for water discharge, and 1978 and 1979 for sediment discharge (P < 0.05), respectively. The impact of precipitation or human activity on the reduction amount after the transition years was estimated by double mass curves of precipitation vs. stream flow (sediment). For reductions in stream flow and sediment discharge, the contribution rate of human activity was found to be 82.80 and 95.56%, respectively, and was significantly stronger than the contribution rate of precipitation. This evidence clearly suggests that, in the absence of significant decreases in precipitation, strategies for managing the region need to focus on human activities to control erosion without restricting stream flow.

Decadal-scale assessment of blue and green water resources in the Brahmani river basin, Odisha

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushree Swagatika Swain ◽  
Ashok Mishra ◽  
Chandranath Chatterjee ◽  
Bhabagrahi Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Decadal Scale

&lt;p&gt;Inherent knowledge of the river basin-scale water balance components is essential for long&amp;#8208;term management of water resources planning and food security at a regional scale. This study explains a combined approach using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) followed by the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting program (SUFI&amp;#8208;2) concept to calibrate and validate the hydrologic models of the Brahmani basin based on observed streamflow at a monthly time&amp;#8208;step. The water balance components in terms of blue water flow (surface runoff, return flow, and lateral flow), green water flow (actual evapotranspiration), and green water storage (soil moisture storage) of the study area are assessed at a decadal scale (1979-88, 1989-98, and 1999-2008). The first 7 years of each decade are considered as calibration period (1979-85, 1989-95, and 1999-05) and the remaining years are the validation period (1986-88, 1996-98, and 2006-08). The results of the initial decade (1979-88) showed that there is a balance between blue water flow, green water flow, and green water storage components. There is an increasing trend in blue water flow and green water flow components in the mid-decade (1989-98). However, there is a fluctuation in green water storage. It is decreasing in mid-decade and increasing towards the end decade (1999-2008). The warm and humid climate of the study area is expected to affect the variation of the above components. The vulnerability of water balance components is crucial for maintaining regional-scale water demand and food security. However, the alarming impacts of climate change could adversely affect the above situation. Water availability component analysis at a decadal scale has not been explored widely in the present study area. This study can help the policy-makers to maintain a balance between water demand from different sectors and availability to avoid water scarcity of a river basin in the future. Further, the developed approach for the analysis of blue and green water can be applied in other arid and semi&amp;#8208;arid regions.&lt;/p&gt;

Spatial-temporal variations in green and blue water resources, water footprints and water scarcities in a large river basin：a case for the Yellow River Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxuan Xie ◽  
La Zhuo ◽  
Pute Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Green Water ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
The Yellow River Basin

&lt;p&gt;Blue water (surface and ground water) and green water (water stored in unsaturated soil layer and canopy evapotranspiration from rainfall) are the two sources of water generated from precipitation and communicating vessels that define the limits of water resources for both human activities and ecosystems. However, the blue and green water evapotranspiration in irrigated fields and their contribution to blue and green water flows have not been identified in studies conducted on blue and green water resources. In addition, information on intra-annual variations in blue and green water footprints (WFs) is limited. In particular, there is a lack of information on water consumption obtained from hydrological model-based blue and green water assessments at the basin scales. In this study, the Yellow River Basin (YRB) over 2010-2018 was considered as the study case, and the inter- and intra-annual variations in blue and green water resources, WFs and water scarcities were quantified at sub-basin levels. Water resources and WFs were simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The results revealed that the annual average blue and green water resources of the YRB were 119.33 &amp;#215; 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and 296.94 &amp;#215; 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively, over the study period. The total amount of green water flow was larger than the total amount of blue water flow each year. The blue and green WFs of the crops in the middle reach were significantly larger than those of the crops in the upper and lower reaches. The annual blue and green water scarcity levels under the consideration of the overall YRB were low. However, several areas in the middle reaches were subject to both blue and green water scarcities at least modest level for a minimum of three months a year. The northern region of the YRB was subject to significant and severe blue water scarcity throughout each year.&lt;/p&gt;

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