scholarly journals Optimal application of conceptual rainfall–runoff hydrological models in the Jinshajiang River basin, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tayyab ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
X. Zeng ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
L. Ye
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Antecedent Precipitation ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
Xin’Anjiang Model ◽  
Different Characteristics

Abstract. For specific research areas different hydrological models have shown different characteristics. By comparing different hydrological models on the same area we should get better and more authentic results. The objective of this research study is to highlight the importance of model selection for specific research areas. For the Jinshajiang River basin, three conceptual hydrological models including the Xin’anjiang model, the Antecedent precipitation index (API) model and the Tank model are applied to select the most suitable model for flood forecasting, based on the hourly rainfall and hourly discharge data. Data were analysed by comparing the simulation outputs of the three models with the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and Correlation coefficient index. Results showed that the performance of the three models were not very different. On the basis of data need and the characteristics of the research basin, the Xin’anjiang model was selected as the optimal and practical conceptual hydrological model for the Jinshajiang River basin.

scholarly journals Model Uncertainty Analysis Methods for Semi-Arid Watersheds with Different Characteristics: A Comparative SWAT Case Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufang Zhang ◽  
Baolin Xue ◽  
Yuhui Yan ◽  
Guoqiang Wang ◽  
Wenchao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Models ◽  
Different Characteristics

Distributed hydrological models play a vital role in water resources management. With the rapid development of distributed hydrological models, research into model uncertainty has become a very important field. When studying traditional hydrological model uncertainty, it is very common to use multisite observation data to evaluate the performance of the model in the same watershed, but there are few studies on uncertainty in watersheds with different characteristics. This study is based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and uses two common methods: Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version 2 (SUFI-2) and Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) for uncertainty analysis. We compared these methods in terms of parameter uncertainty, model prediction uncertainty, and simulation effects. The Xiaoqing River basin and the Xinxue River basin, which have different characteristics, including watershed geography and scale, were used for the study areas. The results show that the GLUE method had better applicability in the Xiaoqing River basin, and that the SUFI-2 method provided more reasonable and accurate analysis results in the Xinxue River basin; thus, the applicability was higher. The uncertainty analysis method is affected to some extent by the characteristics of the watershed.

scholarly journals Effectof Unit Hydrographs and Rainfall Hyetographs on Critical Rainfall Estimates of Flash Flood

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Fanzhe Kong ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Zhilin Wang ◽  
Xiaomeng Song
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Antecedent Precipitation ◽  
Huai River ◽  
Critical Rainfall ◽  
Xin’Anjiang Model ◽  
Unit Hydrographs

To obtain critical rainfall (CR) estimates similar to the rainfall value that causes minor basin outlet flooding, and to reduce the flash flood warning missed/false alarm rate, the effect of unit hydrographs (UHs) and rainfall hyetographs on computed threshold rainfall (TR) values was investigated. The Tanjia River basin which is a headwater subbasin of the Greater Huai River basin in China was selected as study basin. Xin’anjiang Model, with subbasins as computation units, was constructed, and time-variant distributed unit hydrographs (TVUHs) were used to route the channel network concentration. Calibrated Xin’anjiang Model was employed to derive the TVUHs and to obtain the maximum critical rainfall duration (Dmax) of the study basin. Initial soil moisture condition was represented by the antecedent precipitation index (Pa). Rainfall hyetographs characterized by linearly increasing, linearly decreasing, and uniform hyetographs were used. Different combinations of the three hyetographs and UHs including TVUHs and time-invariant unit hydrographs (TIVUHs) were utilized as input to the calibrated Xin’anjiang Model to compute the relationships between TR and Pa (TR-Pa curves) by using trial and error methodology. The computed TR-Pa curves reveal that, for given Pa and UH, the TR corresponding to linearly increasing hyetograph is the minimum one. So, the linearly increasing hyetograph is the optimum hyetograph type for estimating CR. In the linearly increasing hyetograph context, a comparison was performed between TR-Pa curves computed from different UHs. The results show that TR values for different TIVUHs are significantly different and the TR-Pa curve gradient of TVUHs is lower than that of TIVUHs. It is observed that CR corresponds to the combination of linearly increasing hyetograph and TVUHs. The relationship between CR and Pa (CR-Pa curves) and that between CR and duration (D) (CR-D curves) were computed. Warnings for 12 historical flood events were performed. Warning results show that the success rate was 91.67% and that the critical success index (CSI) was 0.91. It is concluded that the combination of linearly increasing hyetograph and TVUHs can provide the CR estimate similar to the minimum rainfall value necessary to cause flash flooding.

scholarly journals Estimation of Peak Flood Discharge for an Ungauged River: A Case Study of the Kunur River, West Bengal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvendu Roy ◽  
Biswaranjan Mistri
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Wave Parameter ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Channel Geometry ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Peak Flood

Due to unavailability of sufficient discharge data for many rivers, hydrologists have used indirect methods for deriving flood discharge amount, that is, application of channel geometry and hydrological models, for the estimation of peak discharge in the selected ungauged river basin(s) in their research/project works. This paper has studied the estimation of peak flood discharge of the Kunur River Basin, a major tributary of the Ajay River in the lower Gangetic plain. To achieve this objective, field measurements, GIS technique, and several channel geometry equations are adopted. Three important geomorphic based hydrological models—manning’s equation, kinematic wave parameter (KWP), and SCS curve number (CN) method—have been used for computing peak discharge during the flood season, based on daily rainfall data of September, 2000. Peak discharges, calculated by different given models, are 239.44 m3/s, 204.08 m3/s, and 146.52 m3/s, respectively. The hydrograph has demonstrated the sudden increase with heavy rainfall from the 18th to the 22nd of September, 2000. As a result, a havoc flood condition was generated in the confluence zone of Ajay and Kunur Rivers. This hydrograph might be not only successful application for flood forecasting but also for management of the lower Ajay River Basin as well as the downstream area of Kunur Basin.

scholarly journals The Rise of Climate-Driven Sediment Discharge in the Amazonian River Basin

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazzareno Diodato ◽  
Naziano Filizola ◽  
Pasquale Borrelli ◽  
Panos Panagos ◽  
Gianni Bellocchi
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
Sediment Export

The occurrence of hydrological extremes in the Amazon region and the associated sediment loss during rainfall events are key features in the global climate system. Climate extremes alter the sediment and carbon balance but the ecological consequences of such changes are poorly understood in this region. With the aim of examining the interactions between precipitation and landscape-scale controls of sediment export from the Amazon basin, we developed a parsimonious hydro-climatological model on a multi-year series (1997–2014) of sediment discharge data taken at the outlet of Óbidos (Brazil) watershed (the narrowest and swiftest part of the Amazon River). The calibrated model (correlation coefficient equal to 0.84) captured the sediment load variability of an independent dataset from a different watershed (the Magdalena River basin), and performed better than three alternative approaches. Our model captured the interdecadal variability and the long-term patterns of sediment export. In our reconstruction of yearly sediment discharge over 1859–2014, we observed that landscape erosion changes are mostly induced by single storm events, and result from coupled effects of droughts and storms over long time scales. By quantifying temporal variations in the sediment produced by weathering, this analysis enables a new understanding of the linkage between climate forcing and river response, which drives sediment dynamics in the Amazon basin.

Shang dynasty bronzes and society in southern China: an illustration of complexity and diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Jingsong Shi
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Shang Dynasty ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Xiangjiang River ◽  
Early States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Ganjiang River Basin

AbstractThe production and use of bronzes had significant influences on the social developments even the formation of the early states. However, in different areas, the bronzes played different roles. By observing the different characteristics of the bronzes in the Central Plains, the Ganjiang River basin, the Xiangjiang River basin, and the Chengdu Plains, various developments of societies can be revealed. The case studies of these areas can further explain the complex relationships between the bronzes and their societies, as well as the diversity of the patterns of the developments of the ancient societies.

The 100 most-cited articles in castration-resistant prostate cancer: a bibliometric analysis

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Citations

Purpose: To assess the present landscape and future research directions, a bibliometric analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of the 100 most-cited articles (T100 articles) on CRPC research. Methods: A list of the T100 articles investigating CRPC was generated by searching the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. Different characteristics of the T100 articles, including the countries/territories, journals, authors, and research areas, were analyzed. Results: The number of citations of T100 articles published between 1992 and 2017 ranged from 282 to 3594, with an average of 654.9 citations. According to the topic of the article, ''Mechanisms related to tumor progression or metastasis'' ranked first with 41 T100 articles, while immunotherapy ranked fourth with 7 T100 articles. The T100 articles originated from 31 countries, with more than half originating from the USA (n = 89). Professor Scher HI published the most T100 articles as the first author (4) and as the corresponding author (5), while Pro De Bono JS from the Institute of Cancer Research published 3 articles as the first author and 8 articles as the corresponding author. The journal Cancer Research published 20 T100 articles with a total of 8946 citations. The number of T100 articles(r = 0.485, P = 0.01) and the total number of citations(r = 0.626, P < 0.001) were all positively correlated with the IF of the journal. Conclusions: This analysis offers a historical perspective on the progress and attempts to reveal future trends in CRPC research using bibliometric analysis. This study's results suggest that immunotherapy and the study of androgen receptors as well as their signaling axes will possibly be hot topics and trends in CRPC research.

scholarly journals Aplicação do Tank Model como Ferramenta de Gestão na Bacia do Rio Perdizes – Cambará do Sul/RS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Karla Campagnolo ◽  
Sofia Melo Vasconcellos ◽  
Vinicius Santanna Castiglio ◽  
Marina Refatti Fagundes ◽  
Masato Kobiyama
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Tank Model ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Soil Moisture Index

A representação do processo precipitação-vazão por meio de modelos hidrológicos conceituais visa quantificar o volume escoado em uma bacia como consequência de uma determinada precipitação. Aliados a eles, os índices têm sido uma ferramenta útil para quantificar eventos extremos, como o Soil Moisture Index (TMI) que foi formulado a partir do modelo hidrológico Tank Model. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar o Tank Model para a bacia do rio Perdizes, em Cambará do Sul (RS), e avaliar o desempenho do TMI para prever a ocorrência de cheias, limiar este utilizado para o fechamento da Trilha do rio do Boi, no Parque Nacional de Aparados da Serra (PNAS). Os dados utilizados na simulação foram obtidos pelas estações meteorológica e fluviométrica instaladas na bacia. Após a calibração e validação de três séries históricas no Tank Model, os valores obtidos do TMI foram comparados com os dias que a Trilha foi fechada, a partir de altos níveis registrados no rio Perdizes. O TMI demonstrou que o nível utilizado para fechar a Trilha do rio do Boi correspondeu a cheias em 72% das vezes. Portanto, o TMI mostrou bom desempenho ao indicar a ocorrência de cheias na área estudada, sendo uma ferramenta útil para a tomada de decisões na gestão do PNAS.  Application of the Tank Model as a Management Tool in the Perdizes River Basin - Cambará do Sul/RS.ABSTRACTThe representation of the rainfall-runoff process by means of conceptual hydrological models aims to quantify the volume drained in a basin as result of a specific precipitation. Allied to them, the indices have been a useful tool to quantify extreme events, such as the Tank Moisture Index (TMI) which was formulated from the Tank Model. Thus, the objective of this work was to apply the Tank Model to the Perdizes river basin, in Cambará do Sul (RS), and to evaluate the performance of the TMI to predict the occurrence of floods, the threshold used for the closure of the Rio do Boi trail, in the Aparados da Serra National Park (PNAS). The data used in the simulation were obtained at the meteorological and fluviometric stations installed in the basin. After the calibration and validation of three historical series in the Tank Model, the values obtained in the TMI were compared with the days when the Trail was closed, from high levels recorded in the Perdizes river. The average TMI values demonstrated that the level used to close the Rio do Boi Trail corresponded to floods 72% of the time, and the median, 75%. Therefore, the TMI showed good performance in indicating the occurrence of floods in the study area, being a useful tool for decision making in the PNAS management.Keywords: Tank Moisture Index, trail closure, Aparados da Serra National Park.

scholarly journals The bias in GRACE estimates of continental water storage variations

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 3557-3594 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Klees ◽  
E. A. Zapreeva ◽  
H. C. Winsemius ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
A Priori Information ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Priori Information ◽  
Gravity Field Models

Abstract. The estimation of terrestrial water storage variations at river basin scale is among the best documented applications of the GRACE (Gravity and Climate Experiment) satellite gravity mission. In particular, it is expected that GRACE closes the water balance at river basin scale and allows the verification, improvement and modeling of the related hydrological processes by combining GRACE amplitude estimates with hydrological models' output and in-situ data. When computing monthly mean storage variations from GRACE gravity field models, spatial filtering is mandatory to reduce GRACE errors, but at the same time yields biased amplitude estimates. The objective of this paper is three-fold. Firstly, we want to compute and analyze amplitude and time behaviour of the bias in GRACE estimates of monthly mean water storage variations for several target areas in Southern Africa. In particular, we want to know the relation between bias and the choice of the filter correlation length, the size of the target area, and the amplitude of mass variations inside and outside the target area. Secondly, we want to know to what extent the bias can be corrected for using a priori information about mass variations. Thirdly, we want to quantify errors in the estimated bias due to uncertainties in the a priori information about mass variations that are used to compute the bias. The target areas are located in Southern Africa around the Zambezi river basin. The latest release of monthly GRACE gravity field models have been used for the period from January 2003 until March 2006. An accurate and properly calibrated regional hydrological model has been developed for this area and its surroundings and provides the necessary a priori information about mass variations inside and outside the target areas. The main conclusion of the study is that spatial smoothing significantly biases GRACE estimates of the amplitude of annual and monthly mean water storage variations. For most of the practical applications, the bias will be positive, which implies that GRACE underestimates the amplitudes. The bias is mainly determined by the filter correlation length; in the case of 1000 km smoothing, which is shown to be an appropriate choice for the target areas, the annual bias attains values up to 50% of the annual storage; the monthly bias is even larger with a maximum value of 75% of the monthly storage. A priori information about mass variations can provide reasonably accurate estimates of the bias, which significantly improves the quality of GRACE water storage amplitudes. For the target areas in Southern Africa, we show that after bias correction, GRACE annual amplitudes differ between 0 and 30 mm from the output of a regional hydrological model, which is between 0% and 25% of the storage. Annual phase shifts are small, not exceeding 0.25 months, i.e. 7.5 deg. Our analysis suggests that bias correction of GRACE water storage amplitudes is indispensable if GRACE is used to calibrate hydrological models.

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