scholarly journals GPS geodetic infrastructure for subsidence and fault monitoring in Houston, Texas, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Agudelo ◽  
Guoquan Wang ◽  
Yuhao Liu ◽  
Yan Bao ◽  
Michael J. Turco
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
University Of Houston ◽  
Fault Monitoring ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Continuous Gps ◽  
The University ◽  
Regional Reference

Abstract. Houston, Texas, is one of the earliest urban areas to employ Global Positioning System (GPS) technology for land subsidence and fault monitoring. As of 2020, the University of Houston and the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District have integrated over 230 permanent GPS stations into their routine GPS data processing for regional subsidence and fault monitoring. This article summarizes the GPS geodetic infrastructure in the Greater Houston region. The infrastructure is comprised of two components: a dense GPS network (HoustonNet) and a stable regional reference frame (Houston20). Houston20 is realized by 25 long-history (>8 years) continuous GPS stations located outside the subsiding area and is aligned in origin and scale with the International GNSS Reference Frame 2014 (IGS14). The stability of the regional reference frame is below 1 mm yr−1 in all three directions. GPS-derived ground deformation rates (2010–2019) within the Greater Houston region are also presented in this article.

scholarly journals Current Activity of the Long Point Fault in Houston, Texas Constrained by Continuous GPS Measurements (2013–2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Liu ◽  
Xiaohan Sun ◽  
Guoquan Wang ◽  
Michael J. Turco ◽  
Gonzalo Agudelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Fault Scarp ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Continuous Gps

The Long Point Fault is one of the most active urban faults in Houston, Texas, which belong to a complex system of normal growth faults along the Texas Gulf Coast. To assess the activity of the Long Point Fault, a GPS array with 12 permanent stations was installed along the two sides of the 16-km-long fault scarp in 2013. GPS datasets were processed with the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and Double-Difference (DD) methods. The daily PPP solutions with respect to the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Reference Frame 2014 (IGS14) were converted to the Stable Houston Reference Frame (Houston16). The six-year continuous GPS observations indicate that the Long Point Fault is currently inactive, with the rates of down-dip-slip and along-strike-slip being below 1 mm/year. The Long Point Fault area is experiencing moderate subsidence varying from 5 to 11 mm/year and a coherent horizontal movement towards the northwest at a rate of approximately 2 to 4 mm/year. The horizontal movement is induced by the subsidence bowl that has been developing since the 1980s in the Jersey Village area. Current surficial damages in the Long Point Fault area are more likely caused by ongoing uneven subsidence and its induced horizontal strains, as well as the significant seasonal ground deformation, rather than deep-seated or tectonic-controlled fault movements. The results from this study suggest a cause-and-effect relationship between groundwater withdrawals and local faulting, which is pertinent to plans for future urban development, use of groundwater resources, and minimization of urban geological hazards.

scholarly journals Reliability Estimation of Reinforced Slopes to Prioritize Maintenance Actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Farshad BahooToroody ◽  
Saeed Khalaj ◽  
Leonardo Leoni ◽  
Filippo De Carlo ◽  
Gianpaolo Di Bona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Geotechnical Structures ◽  
Reinforced Slopes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
Asset Managers

Geosynthetics are extensively utilized to improve the stability of geotechnical structures and slopes in urban areas. Among all existing geosynthetics, geotextiles are widely used to reinforce unstable slopes due to their capabilities in facilitating reinforcement and drainage. To reduce settlement and increase the bearing capacity and slope stability, the classical use of geotextiles in embankments has been suggested. However, several catastrophic events have been reported, including failures in slopes in the absence of geotextiles. Many researchers have studied the stability of geotextile-reinforced slopes (GRSs) by employing different methods (analytical models, numerical simulation, etc.). The presence of source-to-source uncertainty in the gathered data increases the complexity of evaluating the failure risk in GRSs since the uncertainty varies among them. Consequently, developing a sound methodology is necessary to alleviate the risk complexity. Our study sought to develop an advanced risk-based maintenance (RBM) methodology for prioritizing maintenance operations by addressing fluctuations that accompany event data. For this purpose, a hierarchical Bayesian approach (HBA) was applied to estimate the failure probabilities of GRSs. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations of likelihood function and prior distribution, the HBA can incorporate the aforementioned uncertainties. The proposed method can be exploited by urban designers, asset managers, and policymakers to predict the mean time to failures, thus directly avoiding unnecessary maintenance and safety consequences. To demonstrate the application of the proposed methodology, the performance of nine reinforced slopes was considered. The results indicate that the average failure probability of the system in an hour is 2.8×10−5 during its lifespan, which shows that the proposed evaluation method is more realistic than the traditional methods.

Trend of Migration Studies in Sociocultural Anthropology: A Critical Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 2277436X2110440
Author(s):  
Kiran Jyoti Kaur ◽  
A. K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Diaspora Studies ◽  
Indian Diaspora ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Amitav Ghosh ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

Migration studies have always found their unique place in anthropology since the birth of anthropology in India under colonial rule. From the formative phase, anthropology of migration has grown multifold. In the present time when the Indian diaspora is the largest in the whole world, the process of migration has affected the lives of all individuals and has become an important area of research. The present article examines the growth of this field in sociocultural anthropology in India and is based on secondary data. Work of renowned Indian anthropologists like M. N. Srinivas, Moni Nag, L. P. Vidyarthi, Amitav Ghosh and others like R. K. Jain, Ashish Bose, etc. on migration has been discussed in the present article. Migration studies in India have found and sustained a key place in the anthropology curriculum report since the first time of its release by the University Grants Commission, New Delhi. Migration studies have grown from studying mobility among the tribals to the movement of people from rural to urban areas and then to international migration. New areas like displacement and refugee movements, literature and art, diaspora studies, urbanism, labour migration and many more are emerging as important topics in the landscape of migration studies.

scholarly journals Farms as a resilience factors to land degradation in peri-urban areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Zappavigna ◽  
Andrea Brugnoli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
The Family ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Economic Size

The purpose of this study was the analysis of the effects induced by urban pressures on the socio-economic and territorial characteristics of the rural peri-urban areas in order to identify planning and intervention strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of agriculture and landscape. A survey was conducted in the surroundings of Parma on farms located in the vicinity of urban areas. The structural, productive and social characteristics of the family-farm units were analyzed. The survey updated an identical survey, carried out in 1986, in which it was examined a sample of 208 farms. The units surveyed were evaluated in two aspects: the “vitality”, which takes into account the structural characteristics (size, production, labour force, etc.), and the “stability”, in which a crucial role is played by the age of the conductor and the presence of a successor. It was found that only 28% of the original farm sample is still alive, one third has disappeared, 30% was absorbed by existing farms, 8% has been abandoned. The factors most favourable to the survival resulted those referred to the vitality, especially the physical and economic size of the farm, the presence of cattle, the percentage of land in property, the presence of young labour. Among the factors that predispose to the abandonment, the urbanization processes were found to be determinants, in terms of expansion of both the built-up area and of that planned as urbanisable. The research has highlighted the importance of the vitality of the farms together with a context that has maintained its original rural features. These combined aspects can better define what we call the resiliency of the landfarms system i.e. the capability of positively reacting to the variable modifications of the internal and external conditions.

scholarly journals Google Traffic sebagai Masukan Kebijakan Transportasi Perkotaan (Studi Kasus: Kota Bandar Lampung)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-417
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zainal Ibad ◽  
Rahayu Sulistyorini ◽  
Chania Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Transportation Policies ◽  
Movement System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Congestion in urban areas is vulnerable because of the impact of the growth of activities and an increasingly specialized and complex economy. For this reason, it is necessary to formulate a good urban transportation policy to accommodate increased urban transportation needs. Google Traffic is a feature found on Google Maps to see the level of congestion in an area. Google Traffic can detect an area with red, yellow or green indications through the principle of Real Time Data using data from the Global Positioning System (GPS). This study wanted to see how the use of the Google Traffic Feature as input to urban transportation policies by looking at existing urban transportation policies, analyzing the movement system model on Google Traffic, and analyzing the development of Google Traffic model policies, which would be useful for the development of Urban Transportation Policies, especially Bandar Lampung City as a case study.

scholarly journals Prolonged Cefoxitin Infusion Using Mobile Elastomeric Infusors In Outpatients With Bone And Joint Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoé Cavalli ◽  
Agathe Becker ◽  
Alexie Bosch ◽  
Anne Conrad ◽  
Claire Triffault-Filit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Continuous Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Reference Center ◽  
Bone And Joint Infection ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Regional Reference

Abstract. We reviewed all outpatients with bone and joint infection treated with cefoxitin in continuous intravenous infusion using mobile elastomeric infusors in our regional reference center between 2014 and 2017. The stability of cefoxitin provides an interesting and well-tolerated alternative for continuous infusion in outpatients with polymicrobial bone and joint infection.

KARST IN URBAN AREAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
PHILIP VAN BEYNE ◽  
VANDA CLAUDINO-SALES ◽  
SAULO ROBERTO DE OLIVEIRA VITAL ◽  
DIEGO NUNES VALADARES
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Florida ◽  
State University ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

In its third edition, the “William Morris Davis – Journal of Geomorphology” presents its second interview with geographers, to head the “Interviews” section, which opens each published issue. This time, it is the first international interview, carried out with Professor Philip van Beynen, from the University of South Florida, in the United States. Professor Philip van Beynen was interviewed on the topic “Karst in Urban Areas”, and brings important data on the subject, with beautiful illustrations and with examples from all over the world. The interview took place on September 17, 2020, with the participation of Vanda de Claudino-Sales (Professor of the Academic Master in Geography at the State University of Vale do Acarau-UVA) and Saulo Roberto Oliveira Vital (Professor of the Department of Geography and the Post-Graduate Program in Geography at the Federal University of Paraiba - UFPB), and was transcribed by Diego Nunes Valadares, master's student on Geography at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Professor van Beynen was born in New Zealand, where he received his degree in Geography at the University of Auckland. He earned a master's degree from the same university, and a doctorate and post-doctorate from McMaster University, Canada. He has been a professor at the School of Geoscience at the University of South Florida since 2009, where he   has been developing research related to different components of karst environments. The interview shows his great expertise on the subject, and is very much worth to be read and seen even for those who are not specialists in karst.

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