scholarly journals Identification of the ground movements caused by mining-induced seismicity with the satellite interferometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
Ryszard Hejmanowski ◽  
Wojciech T. Witkowski ◽  
Artur Guzy ◽  
Agnieszka Malinowska
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Mining Induced Seismicity ◽  
Rock Mass Deformation ◽  
Surface Vibrations ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Subsidence

Abstract. The assessment of the impact of mining-induced seismicity on the natural environment and infrastructure is often limited to the analysis of terrain surface vibrations. However, similar seismic phenomena, like earthquakes, may also imply dislocations and deformations of the rock mass. Such ground movements may occur in areas which are not directly under the influence of the mining. The study of the displacement field caused by mining-induced seismicity is usually carried out with the use of geodetic methods. Classical geodetic measurements provide discrete information about observed ground movements. As a result, they generally do not provide spatially and temporally relevant estimates of the total range and values of ground movements for specific periods of interest. Moreover, mining-induced seismicity causes a severe threat to buildings. That is why, regarding the complexity of the mechanism of occurrence of mining-induced seismicity and their impact on ground movements, this problem remains a substantial research issue. The presented research aimed to analyse the ground movements caused by mining-induced seismicity. The ground displacements were established based on data from Sentinel-1 satellites applying differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR). The results of the investigation in the copper mining area of the Lower Silesia region of Poland revealed that the observed subsidence caused by mining-induced seismicity usually has a shape of a regular ellipse. The radius of these ground movements does not exceed approximately 2–3 km from the mining-induced tremor's epicenter, and the total subsidence reaches ca. 10–20 cm. More than 50 % of the total subsidence is observed on the surface within a few days after the mining tremor occurrence. Furthermore, the deformations of the surface occur when the energy of mining-induced tremor reaches values of the order of 105 J or higher. The presented research can contribute to better identification and evaluation of the mechanism of the rock mass deformation process caused by mining-induced seismicity. In addition, the use of satellite radar interferometry improves the quality of monitoring of these dynamic phenomena significantly. The data retrieved using this method allow for quasi-continuous monitoring of the local subsidence bowls caused by mining-induced seismicity.

An Analysis Of The Interaction During Simultaneous Use Of Copper Ore And Salt Deposits In The LGOM Mines With Regard To Displacement And Deformation Of Rock Mass

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-548
Author(s):  
Edward Popiołek ◽  
Zdzisław Kłeczek ◽  
Zygmunt Niedojadło ◽  
Ryszard Hejmanowski ◽  
Wojciech Skobliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Rock Mass Deformation ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Mining Tremors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Excavation of the two bedded deposits of mineral resources in a small vertical distance may cause additional increased mining risks (rock mass deformation, rock bursts and mining tremors, threat to land surface). This paper considers the impact of excavation of the copper ore deposit on the bed of rock salt located above it and the opposite, in terms of displacements and deformations. We used the theoretical models of processes verified by previous in situ observations in the mines of the Legnica-Głogów Copper Mining District. We analysed the potential for reducing the risks, among others, through coordination of mining works.

scholarly journals The influence of the fault zone width on land surface vibrations after the high-energy tremor in the “Rydułtowy-Anna” hard coal mine

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 02007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Pilecka ◽  
Dariusz Szwarkowski
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Seismic Wave ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Surface Vibrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Damage Risk

In the article, a numerical analysis of the impact of the width of the fault zone on land surface tremors on the area of the “Rydułtowy – Anna” hard coal mine was performed. The analysis covered the dynamic impact of the actual seismic wave after the high-energy tremor of 7 June 2013. Vibrations on the land surface are a measure of the mining damage risk. It is particularly the horizontal components of land vibrations that are dangerous to buildings which is reflected in the Mining Scales of Intensity (GSI) of vibrations. The run of a seismic wave in the rock mass from the hypocenter to the area’s surface depends on the lithology of the area and the presence of fault zones. The rock mass network cut by faults of various widths influences the amplitude of tremor reaching the area’s surface. The analysis of the impact of the width of the fault zone was done for three alternatives.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Rock Mass Deformation on Geometric Changes of a Historical Chimney in the Salt Mine of Bochnia

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Anna Szafarczyk ◽  
Rafał Gawałkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Rock Mass Deformation ◽  
Structural Surface ◽  
Geometry Measurement ◽  
Geometric Changes ◽  
The Impact

There are many ways of the geometry measurement of slim objects, with the application of geodetic and photogrammetric methods. A modern solution in the diagnostics of slim objects is the application of laser scanning, with the use of a scanner of a scanning total station. The point cloud, obtained from the surface of the scanned object gives the possibility of generating not only information on structural surface deformations, but also facilitates obtaining the data on the geometry of the axis of the building, as a basic indicator of the characteristics of its deformation. The cause of the change in the geometry of slim objects is the impact of many external and internal factors. These objects are located in the areas of working or closed underground mines. They can be impacted by the ground and they can face the results of the convergence of cavities. A specific structure of the salt rock mass causes subsequent convergence of the post-exploitation cavities, which has the influence on the behaviour of the terrain surface and the related objects. The authors analysed the impact of the changes in the rock mass and the surface on the changes of the industrial chimney in the Bochnia Salt Mine.

scholarly journals Influence of continuous deformations and tremors of rock mass on a building. Case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Piotr Strzałkowski
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Surface Vibrations ◽  
The Impact

This work presents an exemplary analysis of the influence of mining exploitations on a building. Continuous deformations of the ground surface in the location of the object were considered. Analysis of the impact of tremors of rock mass on the object was performed. The results of calculations as well as the measurements of surface vibrations accelerations were taken into account. The performed analyses show the influence of a fault on increase of vibrations accelerations.

Estimation Of The Mining Damage Risk In The Hypothetical Impact Area Of The Concurrent Processes Of Rock Mass Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiesław Piwowarski ◽  
Zbigniew Isakow ◽  
Jacek Juzwa
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Mass Medium ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Concurrent Processes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this work is the estimation of the risk of mining damage occurrence, based on uncertain information regarding the impact of the concurrent processes of deformation and vibration. This problem concerns the experimental and theoretical description of the so-called critical phenomena occurring during the reaction mining area ↔ building object. Post-mining deformations of the rock mass medium and paraseismic vibrations can appear at a considerable distance from the sub-area of the mining operation – hence, the determination of the measures of their impacts is usually somewhat subjective, while the estimation of the mining damage based on deterministic methods is often insufficient. It is difficult to show the correlation between the local maximum of the impact of the velocity vector amplitude and the damage to the building – especially if the measures of interaction are not additive. The parameters of these impacts, as registered by measurements, form finite sets with a highly random character. Formally, it is adequate to the mapping from the probability space to the power set. For the purposes of the present study, the Dempster – Shafer model was used, where space is characterised by subadditive and superadditive measures. Regarding the application layer, the conclusions from the expert evaluations are assumed to be the values of random variables. The model was defined, and the risk of damage occurrence was estimated.

scholarly journals Simulation Possibilites of the Post-Mining Goafs Impact on the Deformations Induced by Next Underground Mining Operations with Use of the Cellular Automata Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikora Paweł
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Underground mining operations in the area of a rock mass affected by previous exploitation may cause additional deformations to appear on the surface. The size of these deformations can be significant, and their character is often non-linear. The nature of these deformations cannot be justified solely by the impact of current mining operations. At the same time, the predictive method of S. Knothe, widely used in Poland, does not explicitly include these types of phenomena. In the area of intensive and long-term mining exploitation, such as the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, the practical possibility of simulating this occurrence may be helpful in the planning of new mining exploitation under construction objects. Today we are usually limited to numerical modelling methods like finite difference method (FDM). This one base on the principle of mechanical similarity. The theoretical usefulness of method (and its similar) has already been proven many times. The main impediment to its practical application is the lack of recognition of the rock mass in terms of its mechanical properties. The presented method is a new approach to the possibility of modelling the subject phenomenon. The method has not been used in practical forecasting mining area deformation caused by underground deposits mining. It’s characterized by a huge potential for further development.

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