scholarly journals Effect of polluted water on soil and plant contamination by heavy metals in El-Mahla El-Kobra, Egypt

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esawy Kasem Mahmoud ◽  
Adel Mohamed Ghoneim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Bioaccumulation Coefficient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Abstract. The discharge of untreated waste water in Zefta drain and drain no. 5 is becoming a problem for many farmers in the El-Mahla El-Kobra area, Egypt. The discharged water contains high levels of contaminants considered hazardous to the ecosystem. Some plants, soil, water, and sediment samples were collected from the El-Mahla El-Kobra area to evaluate the contamination by heavy metals. The results showed that the heavy metals, pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the water of Zefta drain and drain no. 5 exceeded permissible limits for irrigation. In rice and maize shoots grown in soils irrigated by contaminated water from Zefta drain and drain no. 5, the bioaccumulation factors for Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Mn were higher than 1.0. The heavy metals content of irrigated soils from Zefta drain and drain no. 5 exceeded the upper limit of background heavy metals. In this study, the mean contaminant factor values of the drain no. 5 sediments revealed that Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Ni > 6, indicating very high contamination. The bioaccumulation coefficient values of Cynodon dactylon, Phragmites australis, and Typha domingensis aquatic plants growing in Zefta drain are high. These species can be considered as hyperaccumulators for the decontamination of contaminated water.

scholarly journals Effect of polluted water on soil, sediments and plant contamination by heavy metals in El-Mahla El-Kobra, Egypt

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mahmoud ◽  
A. M. Ghoneim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Direct Discharge ◽  
Very High

Abstract. The discharge of untreated wastewater in drains Zefta and No. 5 is becoming a problem for many farmers in El-Mahla El-Kobra area, Egypt. The discharging water contains high levels of contaminants considered hazardous to the ecosystem. Some plants, soil, water, and sediment samples were collected from El-Mahla El-Kobra area to evaluate the contamination by heavy metals. The results showed that the heavy metals, pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), BOD and COD in the water of drains Zefta and No. 5 exceeded permissible limits for irrigation. In rice and maize plants grown in soils irrigated by water from Zefta and No. 5 drains, the bioaccumulation factors for Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn were higher than 1.0. The heavy metals of irrigated soils from drains Zefta and No. 5 exceeded the upper limit of background heavy metals. In this study, the mean contaminant factor values of the drain No. 5 sediments revealed that Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni > 6, indicating very high contamination, which receive a huge amount of metallic pollution due to the direct discharge of wastewater from the urban and industrial area. The high bioaccumulation coefficients of Cynodon dactylon Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis growing in Zefta drain. These species can be considered as hyperaccumulators for, decontamination of polluted water. Thus, the wastewater in El-Mahla El-Kobra area must be treated before discharge in drains (Zefta and No. 5) and remediation of polluted soils from heavy metals.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Tembi River

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shanbehzadeh ◽  
Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Toba Kiyanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Standard Range

This study was carried out to examine heavy metals concentration in water and sediment of upstream and downstream of the entry of the sewage to the Tembi River, Iran. Samples were collected from upstream and downstream and were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the average concentration of the metals in water and sediment on downstream was more than that of upstream. The comparison of the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water of the Tembi River with drinking water standards and those in the water used for agriculture suggests that the mean concentration of Cu and Zn lies within the standard range for drinking water and the mean concentration of Mn, Zn, and Pb lies within the standard range of agricultural water. The highest average concentration on downstream for Pb in water and for Mn in sediment was 1.95 and 820.5 ppm, respectively. Also, the lowest average concentration on upstream was identified for Cd in water and sediment 0.07 and 10 ppm, respectively. With regard to the results, it gets clear that using the water for recreational purposes, washing, and fishing is detrimental to human health and the environment.

Spatio-temporal variation level of heavy metals in surface water and sediment in Tagwai Lake, Minna, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
V.I. Chukwuemeka ◽  
E.A. Jimoh ◽  
K.O. Olajide ◽  
Y.I. Auta ◽  
H.S. Auta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Standard Range

The high contamination of aquatic systems with toxic heavy metals is of major concern since the elements are not biodegradable. Heavy metals often get into the water through runoff from farmlands and dumping of effluents from industries into the water bodies. The toxicity of these heavy metals can cause harmful and even lethal effects on the human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of Pb, Cu, Mn, and Fe in both surface water and sediment of Tagwai Lake. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry investigation was carried out on the collected and digested water and sediment samples to determine the extent of these heavy metals contamination in the water. The results showed that the average concentration of heavy metals ranked in the following order: Pb>Mn>Cu>Fe with higher concentration in sediment compared to the water. The correspondence of the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediment of the Tagwai Lake with the WHO standard suggests that the mean concentration of Pb, Cu, and Fe lies within the standard range while Mn exceeds the standard range in both the water and sediments. We therefore advocate regular surveillance as a tool for monitoring impacts of anthropogenic activities in the lake to ensure safety of the general populace who depend on it for their livelihood. Keywords: spatio-temporal, heavy metals, sediments, Tagwai Lake

scholarly journals Effect of Distillery Effluent on Some Agricultural Crops, A Case of Environmental Injustice to Local Farmers in Khajura VDC, Banke

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Ale ◽  
PK Jha ◽  
N Belbase
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Distillery Effluent ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Environmental Injustice ◽  
Physico Chemical

Effluent discharged from the Karnali distillery Pvt. Ltd was analyzed to measure its effect on agricultural crops and environmental justice to the concerned people. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Particles (TSS), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and some heavy metals such as Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu) were analyzed and found most of the physico-chemical parameters were above the toxic level set by Nepal Bureau Standard. The analysis of physico-chemical parameters of the soil irrigated with effluent polluted water revealed appreciable increase in the soil nutrients (Organic Matter, N, P, K) along with the increase of toxic heavy metals such as Fe, Cd, Mn and Pb in the soil which has decreased annual crop productivity by around 40 percent. Similarly the effect of the effluent on seed germination, seedling growth, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings of two test crops (Oryza sativa and Triticum aestivum) were also analyzed and found the effect varied in different concentration of treatment. Higher concentrations (10%, 25%) were found completely inhibitory where as lower concentrations (1%, 5%) were found stimulatory and reached up to the level of control. The present study showed that the distillery effluent was highly loaded with organic pollutants along with harmful heavy metals which showed significant effect on soil quality and the crop productivity which caused environmental injustice to the local people in terms of loss of crop productivity and environmental hazards. Key words: Heavy metals; Effluent; Pollution; Soil chemistry; Environmental justice. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v6i6.2637 Scientific World, Vol. 6, No. 6, July 2008 68-75

scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of Rock and Water from dug Wells in a Residential Area in Lagos State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Mopelola Omotoso ◽  
Ibrahim Amoo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Samples of rock deposit dug out from wells at Alimosho local government in Lagos state, Nigeria were characterized for chemical composition and ultimate utilization. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) were used to identify the rock as a mixed clay rock containing 35.04% Illite, 25.64% Illite plus Quartz, 22.20% Kaolinite and 17.09% Feldspar. This was corroborated by cation determination that showed the rock to be predominantly clayey rock. The mean concentrations of lead and copper in water of the wells in the rock location are 0.004mg/L and 0.05mg/L respectively while cadmium is less than detectable limit. The well water in the area studied is therefore not contaminated by these heavy metals. Heavy metals removal by the mixed clay from polluted underground water was studied using AAS. A general increase of sorption was observed with increase in the adsorbent dosage. 20g of the rock adsorbed a higher percentage of copper (80.23%) than lead and cadmium that were 70.25% and 65.83% respectively. The percentage of heavy metals adsorbed confirms the use of mixed clay minerals as a contaminants removal from the underground polluted water. The rock adsorbed copper readily than cadmium and lead. The maximum amount of lead removed from the contaminated underground water of the defunct battery site across the adsorbent dosage (5g, 10g, 15g and 20g) were 1.20mg/L, 3.19mg/L, 3.69mg/L and 4.09mg/L respectively indicating the effect of increase in adsorbent dosage in remediating the lead contaminated water. This data showed that the rock can be used to remove these heavy metals from contaminated water.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Water and Sediment Qualities of Some Dams in Kwara State

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Abdus-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Water And Sediment

Potable water is becoming progressively scarce due to anthropogenic pollution and it has necessitated monitoring of water quality of rivers and dams as a subject of ongoing concern and research. This study was conducted to assess the quality of water collected from four different dams (Agba, Igbaja, Oloru and Omu-Aran) in Kwara State, Nigeria using standard procedures. Water and sediment samples were collected from three different spatial locations on the dams. The average values of most physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Alkalinity, some nutrients such as chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), phosphate (PO43-), nitrate (NO3-) and some heavy metals such as Cu, Zn have values that were within World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for drinking water for each of the dams while Cd and Fe concentrations were observed to be much higher than WHO guidelines for drinking water. This could be as a result of anthropogenic input. The dams’ sediments analyzed for heavy metals showed that Mn, Zn and Cd were high in the dams, which can be easily washed into the water body through leaching, thereby causing detrimental effect to the consumers.

Modified Clay Filters for Purification of Petroleum Products Contaminated Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Kebone Revival Mofokeng ◽  
Muhammad Falalu Yahaya ◽  
Joshua Osuigwe Madu ◽  
Florence Nkiruka Chukwudi ◽  
Samuel Ojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Pore Former ◽  
Poly Propylene

Some organic pollutants change the color, smell, and other characteristics of water leaving it undesirable for use. However, other organic pollutants do not change the physical properties of the water, yet, they make the water non-useful. This study was carried out to determine the characteristics of petroleum contaminated water and how it can be purified using economical filters for possible reuse in rural areas of the Niger Delta, of Nigeria. The filters were made from rice husk ash, and white clay, as main materials, while calcium carbonate and poly (propylene carbonate) were used as binders and pore former. The water samples were tested for conductivity, turbidity, pH, heavy metals, and total hydrocarbon contents. The results showed a significant decrease in the amount of petroleum/organic pollutants present in the water sample before purification. The filter candle made using poly (propylene carbonate) as a binder was found to be the most efficient in removing organic pollutants, but it was not very effective in the removal of heavy metals and also, the pH of the filtrate became more acidic. Filtrates from other filters, however, had pH in an acceptable range. Dodecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid were found to be removed from the polluted water using the filters.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on A Novel Water Treatment Pond Design Using Dredged Sediment, Shrub Willow and Recycling Hand Pumps for the Restoration of Water Pollution

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Xueyuan Bai ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Lifang Zou ◽  
Zhisheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Shrub Willow ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Water And Sediment

The treatment of polluted water and sediment often costs too much and has little benefit. In this study, we proposed a novel design using dredged sediment, shrub willow (Salix spp.) and recirculating hand pumps for the restoration of polluted river water in Changchun city, China. Sediment was filled as a matrix for plant growth, shrub willow was transplanted for the absorption of nutrients, and ten hand-pumped water wells were built for recycling the polluted water. During the 5-month experimental period, the shrub willow growth and nutrient contents, sediment nutrient concentration and water quality were measured. The results showed that this pond system could effectively decrease the sediment pollutant levels, and its removal efficiencies of organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) could respectively reach as high as 11%, 10% and 26%. The dissolved oxygen (DO) content increased by more than 90% in August, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) content decreased by 44.93% and 19.82%, respectively. This means that the treatment pond could efficiently work toward the purification of polluted river water. The benefits and feasibility of this system application were also analyzed, and we found that it could be widely used for the treatment of polluted water and sediment in urban areas.

scholarly journals Ecological and Human Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Shooting Range Soils: A Meta Assessment from China

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Bai ◽  
Xiaofen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Shooting Range ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Pb Contamination ◽  
Shooting Range Soils ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Shooting Ranges

Contamination of shooting ranges by heavy metals in particular Pb represents a widespread environmental issue attracting concern worldwide. Contaminant accumulation in shooting range soils can pose potential ecological risks and health risks for shooters and workers. Based on the published data on metal contamination at five shooting ranges in China, potential ecological and human health risks of several metals, and in particular, Pb were assessed for the five surveyed shooting ranges. Data show the mean concentrations of Pb, Cu, Hg, Sb, Ni and Cr in various ranges were all higher than the local soil background values, implying their accumulation was induced by shooting activities. The degree of contamination varied with sites and metals, very high Pb contamination at Range 1, Range 2 and Range 5-1, while moderate Pb contamination at Range 3 and Range 5-2. Comparatively, As, Zn and Co showed no contamination. Among the surveyed metals, Pb, Cu, Hg and Sb in shooting range soils displayed relatively high potential ecological risks. The overall degree of potential ecological risk was very high at Range 1 and Range 2, considerable at Range 4 and Range 5-1, and low at Range 3 and Range 5-2. The mean HI (hazard index) of Pb at Range 2 and the maximum HI values at Range 1 and Range 4 were higher than 1, suggesting a possibility of non-carcinogenic risks of Pb contamination at these sites. However, Pb in other range soils and other metals, across the five ranges, all exhibited no non-carcinogenic risks. The cancer risks of the four carcinogenic contaminants (As, Co, Cr, and Ni) were acceptable or negligible at all ranges. In conclusion, contamination of Pb and other metals such as Cu, Hg and Sb can cause various potential ecological risks at all the surveyed ranges, but only Pb at three ranges shows possible health risks. Contamination of Pb in the surveyed shooting ranges should be managed to reduce its possible environmental and health risks.

scholarly journals Cultivatable bacterial community at a fresh water nullah contaminated with household sewage and industrial waste is more diverse and populated compared to non-polluted water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wishal Khan ◽  
Sobia Yaseen ◽  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Zuhair Hasnain ◽  
Zahra Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Acinetobacter Guillouiae

The effect of environmental pollutants on living organisms can be assessed by studying the changes in the indigenous microbial community. Therefore, in the present study, cultivatable bacterial community in non-polluted as well as household sewage and industrially polluted water of Lai Nullah flowing through Islamabad-Rawalpindi, Pakistan was analysed. Bacterial community composition and population present in the polluted water was significantly different from the non-polluted water (P < 0.05). Non-polluted water had much fewer species and population of bacteria compared to polluted water. Sequence analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter guillouiae, Ralstonia sp., Comamonas sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were specific to the polluted water. On the other hand, Aeromonas veronii, Exiguobacterium sp. and Lysinibacillus macroides were only found in the non-polluted water. Among measured physicochemical parameters, higher colony count in the polluted water was best correlated with higher biological oxygen demand, phosphate, sodium and chloride values (Spearman's rho = 0.85). Concentration of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel and lead were below 0.03μg/mL at all the study sites. During plate assay, bacterial strains found at polluted sites showed resistance to selected heavy metals with highest minimum inhibitory concentration for lead (8mM) followed by copper (5mM), nickel (3mM) and cadmium (1mM). All the bacterial isolates also showed various levels of resistance against antibiotics ampicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin using broth microdilution method. Current research provides new insight into the effect of household sewage and industrially polluted water of Lai Nullah on the indigenous bacteria".

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