scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on A Novel Water Treatment Pond Design Using Dredged Sediment, Shrub Willow and Recycling Hand Pumps for the Restoration of Water Pollution

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Xueyuan Bai ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Lifang Zou ◽  
Zhisheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Shrub Willow ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Water And Sediment

The treatment of polluted water and sediment often costs too much and has little benefit. In this study, we proposed a novel design using dredged sediment, shrub willow (Salix spp.) and recirculating hand pumps for the restoration of polluted river water in Changchun city, China. Sediment was filled as a matrix for plant growth, shrub willow was transplanted for the absorption of nutrients, and ten hand-pumped water wells were built for recycling the polluted water. During the 5-month experimental period, the shrub willow growth and nutrient contents, sediment nutrient concentration and water quality were measured. The results showed that this pond system could effectively decrease the sediment pollutant levels, and its removal efficiencies of organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) could respectively reach as high as 11%, 10% and 26%. The dissolved oxygen (DO) content increased by more than 90% in August, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) content decreased by 44.93% and 19.82%, respectively. This means that the treatment pond could efficiently work toward the purification of polluted river water. The benefits and feasibility of this system application were also analyzed, and we found that it could be widely used for the treatment of polluted water and sediment in urban areas.

scholarly journals Effect of corn cobs as external carbon sources on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands treating micro-polluted river water

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1639-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-ji Yu ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Yanhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
River Water ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Corn Cobs

Abstract Micro-polluted river water is characterized as having limited biodegradability, low carbon to nitrogen ratio and little organic carbon supply, all of which makes it hard to further purify. Two bench scale constructed wetlands (CWs) with a horizontal subsurface flow mode were set up in the laboratory to evaluate their feasibility and efficiency on denitrification with and without corn cobs as external carbon sources. Micro-polluted river water was used as feed solution. The CW without corn cobs substrates possessed a good performance in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD, <40 mg/L) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N, <0.65 mg/L), but less efficiency in removing total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). In marked contrast, the CW with 1% (w/w) corn cobs substrates as external carbon sources achieved a significant improvement in the removal efficiency of TN (increased from 34.2% to 71.9%) and NO3-N (increased from 19% to 71.9%). The incorporation of corn cobs substrates did not cause any obvious increase in the concentrations of COD and NH3-N in the effluent. This improvement in the denitrification efficiency was owing to the released organic carbon from corn cobs substrates, which facilitated the growth of abundant microbes on the surface and pores of the substrate. The open area of the used corn chips is larger than that of the pristine ones, and corn cobs can continue to provide a carbon fiber source for denitrification.

scholarly journals Effect of polluted water on soil and plant contamination by heavy metals in El-Mahla El-Kobra, Egypt

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esawy Kasem Mahmoud ◽  
Adel Mohamed Ghoneim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Bioaccumulation Coefficient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Abstract. The discharge of untreated waste water in Zefta drain and drain no. 5 is becoming a problem for many farmers in the El-Mahla El-Kobra area, Egypt. The discharged water contains high levels of contaminants considered hazardous to the ecosystem. Some plants, soil, water, and sediment samples were collected from the El-Mahla El-Kobra area to evaluate the contamination by heavy metals. The results showed that the heavy metals, pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the water of Zefta drain and drain no. 5 exceeded permissible limits for irrigation. In rice and maize shoots grown in soils irrigated by contaminated water from Zefta drain and drain no. 5, the bioaccumulation factors for Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Mn were higher than 1.0. The heavy metals content of irrigated soils from Zefta drain and drain no. 5 exceeded the upper limit of background heavy metals. In this study, the mean contaminant factor values of the drain no. 5 sediments revealed that Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Ni > 6, indicating very high contamination. The bioaccumulation coefficient values of Cynodon dactylon, Phragmites australis, and Typha domingensis aquatic plants growing in Zefta drain are high. These species can be considered as hyperaccumulators for the decontamination of contaminated water.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN THE ONEGO LAKE URBAN TRIBUTARY BY CHEMICAL INDICATORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
E. V. Tekanova ◽  
◽  
E. M. Makarova ◽  
N. M. Kalinkina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Water Color ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
The City

Introduction. The Lososinka River is an urban tributary of Lake Onego, the lower reaches of which flow through the territory of Petrozavodsk city, receiving untreated drains of the city’s storm sewers. The river enters the Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onego, which is used as a source of public drinking water supply in the city. Methods. During the 2015 open water period, the oxygen concentration, total iron, color, pH, total suspended matter, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), content of oil products, and dichromate chemical oxygen demand were measured by standard methods in the water of the background and urban areas of the Lososinka River. Results. In the river water, high values of water color (132 mg/l Cr-Co), total iron (1.5 mg/l), dichromate chemical oxygen demand (23 mgO/l) were revealed, which is associated with the geochemical peculiarities of the surface waters in Karelia, enriched in the humic matter. Seasonal increases in the concentrations of these indicators were associated with floods. The oxygen saturation of the water reached 90% due to the fast current and riffles. The indicators of water pollution include total phosphorous (60 μg/l), mineral phosphorous (40 μg/l), BOD5 (1.5 mgO2/l), suspended matter (25.5 mg/l), and content of oil products (0.02 mg/l). Seasonal changes in these indicators were not associated with the hydrological regime of the river. In the storm sewers of the city, the maximum permissible concentrations for BOD5 are exceeded by 4 times, and for oil products — by 15 times. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed that all the studied chemical indicators in the urban and background areas of the river do not have significant differences. Conclusion. Water quality in the Lososinka River is considered satisfactory in terms of most of the studied parameters. According to the total iron content, the water is characterized as polluted, and according to water color, the river water is classified as dirty. The maximum permissible concentrations for total iron in the background and urban areas of the river were exceeded by 10 times. The standards for water quality adopted in the Russian Federation and the maximum permissible concentrations for total iron and water color are inapplicable for the water bodies in Karelia with high background values of these indicators. The trophic status of the river corresponds to the eutrophic state. Good saturation of the river water with oxygen hinders water pollution in the city territory due to self-purification processes.

scholarly journals In-Situ and Ex-Situ Phycoremediation Competence of Innate Scenedesmus Sp. On Polluted River Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramani Venkatesan ◽  
Mathiyazhagan Narayanan ◽  
Murugan Prabakaran ◽  
Ponniah Anusha ◽  
Ramalingam Sriniva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Microalgae Culture

Abstract The present study was aimed to investigate the ex-situ and in-situ phycoremediation efficacy of native Scenedesmus sp. in polluted Thirumanimuthar River water sample. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic analysis the predominant microalgae culture from polluted water was identified as Scenedesmus sp. Most of the physicochemical parameters (EC: 3110.00 micro mho cm-1, turbidity: 17.10 mg L-1, total hardness: 812.00 mg L-1, BOD: 230 mg L-1, and COD: 352 mg L-1) and some minerals such as Ca: 232.00 mg L-1 and Sulfate: 532.00 mg L-1 were crossing the permissible limits. Among three sets of treatments (I, II, & III), 3% in ex-situ (treatment III), and 30% in in-situ (treatment III) were shown a better reduction in physicochemical properties of polluted river water in 14 days of treatment. The in-situ study has shown better pollutants reduction than ex-situ as it reduced BOD & COD 27.83% and 23.30%, respectively. Further, the chloride, sulphate, phosphate, sodium, calcium, and magnesium were reasonably reduced up to 40.00, 43.61, 31.03, 18.75, 70.26, and 33.93%, respectively. The FTIR analysis confirmed that the presence of pollutants absorbing functional groups in dried biomass of Scenedesmus sp. and the SEM analysis image confirmed the absorption of pollutants by resulting in morphology changes of Scenedesmus sp. The results concluded that a significant reduction was found in most tested physicochemical and minerals contents in the treated water through the in-situ study than the ex-situ approach. Through this sustainable phycoremediation strategy, the pollutant reducing Scenedesmus sp. could be used as feedstock for biofuel production.

scholarly journals Effect of Spathiphyllum blandum on the removal of ibuprofen and conventional pollutants from polluted river water, in fully saturated constructed wetlands at mesocosm level

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
Luis Sandoval ◽  
José Luis Marín-Muñíz ◽  
Jacel Adame-García ◽  
Gregorio Fernández-Lambert ◽  
Florentina Zurita
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Generous Support

Abstract In this study, the effect of Spathiphyllum blandum on the removal of ibuprofen (IB) and conventional pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS) is reported; this, through its use as an emergent vegetation in fully saturated (FS) constructed wetlands (CWs) at mesocosm level treating polluted river water. With the exception of TP and COD, it was found that for TN (12%), NH4+-N (11%), TSS (19%), and IB (23%), the removals in systems with vegetation were superior to systems without vegetation (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate the importance of the species S. blandum, in particular, for the removal of ibuprofen, which is an anti-inflammatory drug commonly found in effluents of wastewater treatment plants. Thus, the results obtained provide information that can be used for the design of future efficient large-scale systems using a new ornamental species, mainly under tropical climatic conditions. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

Purification Effect on Particle Size of Matrix in Ecological Filter Bed

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 1900-1905
Author(s):  
Ming Tao Zhou ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Huan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
River Water ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Ecological Filter ◽  
Filter Bed

In order to study the purification effect on the particle size of matrix in ecological filter bed, four ecological filter bed units with different particle sizes (0~2mm, 2~15mm, 15~30mm, 30~50mm) are designed to purify the polluted river water. Results show that the particle size of matrix has considerable influence on the polluted river water quality improvement, and the purification effect decreases gradually as the particle size of matrix increases. During the whole experimental period, the ecological filter bed unit with the particle size of 0~2mm is the best in all four systems, and the average removal of it is 62.77% for CODCr, 73.04% for TN and 67.40% for TP respectively.

Remediation of polluted river water by floating treatment wetlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munazzam Jawad Shahid ◽  
Razia Tahseen ◽  
Muhammad Siddique ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Samina Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Leptochloa Fusca ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Floating Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Better Than

Abstract In this study, the potential of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), inoculated with selected bacteria, to ameliorate polluted river water was evaluated. Floating cells were prepared by vegetating plants, Typha domingensis and Leptochloa fusca, on a floating mat. The plants were inoculated with three different pollutant-degrading rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains. Significantly greater decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total organic carbon (TOC) was observed in inoculated FTWs than in the wetlands without bacterial inoculation. However, a slight decrease in pH and EC was seen in most of the treatments. The total nitrogen (TN), nitrate and total phosphorus (TP) contents decreased to 1.77 mg/L, 0.80 mg/L and 0.60 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, the concentration of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) in the water lowered to 0.41, 0.16, 0.10, 0.25, and 0.08 mg/L, respectively. Overall the performance of T. domingensis was significantly better than L. fusca. The treated effluents meet the water quality guidelines for irrigation and aquatic life. This study revealed that FTWs supplemented with selective bacteria are a promising approach for the restoration and management of polluted river water.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Lake Edku Water, Egypt

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. OKBAH ◽  
S.EL. EL-GOHARY
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Lake Edku

The objective of this work is to evaluate the quality of Lake Edku water. Regional and seasonal variations of some physico-chemical parameters (nutrient salts, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and silicate, in addition to pH, total alkalinity, chlorosity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and oxidizable organic matter) that were determined during the period from January to December 2000. Important variations have occurred in the investigated area as a result of human activity and the discharge of wastewater to the lake. The relatively low pH values reflect the decreased productivity of the Lake as a result of the polluted water discharged into the lake. Total alkalinity varied between 2.25 ± 0.35 to 8.38 ± 0.9 meq/l. In comparison with previous decades chlorosity content (586-1562 mg/l) showed the general decreasing trend. Dissolved oxygen varied (2.37 ± 0.72 - 4.47 ± 0.94 mg/l). The ratios of BOD/ OOM values indicate that the lake water has a biodegradable nature. There was a noticeable variation in ammonia levels; a lower ammonia content was recorded in summer and spring. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations in Lake Edku water showed values ranging from 3.7±1.4 to 7.8±1.9 ΜM and from 15.2±2.9 to 45.9±11.8 ΜM, respectively. The total nitrogen of the lake exhibited higher levels (53.1±12.2 – 164.2±30.7 ΜM). The ratio of NH4/TIN (0.09-0.45) seems to be highly representative of the microbial nitrification rate as well as of the varying agricultural inflows. It is interesting to note that increasing values of reactive phosphate (11.6±1.8 – 14.7±2.5 ΜM) were determined in autumn and winter respectively. The higher concentrations of reactive silicate were directly proportional to drainage water discharged into the Lake. It is clear from the mean ratio of N/P (2.4-8.8) nitrogen is the limiting factor. The lower values of N/P ratio could be related to an allochthonous condition.

The Field Application of Microbial Technology Used in Bioremediation of Urban Polluted River

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2906-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wu ◽  
Yue Bo Xie
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Urban River ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
Sediment Dredging ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Artificial Aeration ◽  
Indigenous Microorganism ◽  
Water And Sediment

This paper studies on the field application of microbial technology used in bioremediation of urban polluted river. Xuxi River, a heavily polluted urban river, had been maken the treatment as the research object. In this treatment, Xuxi River was directly added indigenous microorganism agent and microbiological accelerating agent into the river water and sediment in the special inoculation way, without artificial aeration and sediment dredging. After this treatment， the removal rates of COD, TP and NH3-N are up to 43%、56% and 58%, DO increases to 2mg/L, the Nemerow index reduces to 2.2 from 6.4, and a lot of water earthworms and a school of fish reappear. The results indicate that this microbial technology can effectively alleviate the pollution, promote the water quality, and restore the river ecosystem.

scholarly journals The Kinds of Bacteria found in River Water

1903 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Oakes Jordan
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Apparent Correlation ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Selective Influence

1. The kinds of bacteria that are isolated by the gelatin plate method from certain river waters freshly polluted with sewage are different from those found in the same water collected a long distance below the point of pollution.2. In the freshly polluted river water non-chromogenic Staphylococci were found much more abundantly than in the purer waters.3. In the freshly polluted water the fluorescent bacteria and a group of non-gas-producing, non-liquefying bacteria (Group XI.) were less abundant than in the purer waters.4. A larger proportion of organisms belonging to the Proteus group were isolated from gelatin plates than from fermentation tubes. The reverse is true of the B. coli and B. lactis aerogenes types. A certain selective influence even upon gas-producing organisms would seem from this to be exerted by the conditions within the fermentation tube.5. The study of a rather large number of separately isolated cultures belonging to the class of fluorescent microorganisms shows that the differences between the ‘liquefying’ and ‘non-liquefying’ varieties are more constant than is sometimes assumed. The action of these forms upon milk is just as diagnostic as their action upon gelatin. All the strains of fluorescent bacteria that were encountered (58) proved to be motile.6. Considering as a whole the various physiological tests applied to the several groups of microorganisms, it is found that within almost every group as constituted in the accompanying tables divergence is shown by closely allied organisms in respect to indol formation and reduction of nitrates. The formation of a surface pellicle on broth is also a phenomenon that presents no apparent correlation with more s alient physiological characteristics.

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