scholarly journals Factors of soil diversity in the Batumi delta (Georgia)

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Turgut ◽  
Merve Ateş
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine certain basic properties of soils in the Batumi delta (southwestern Georgia) to determine the relationships of studied properties and to identify differences with regards to these properties between different sampling sites in the delta that were selected based on the delta morphology. In this context, a total of 125 soil samples were collected from five different sampling sites, and the clay, silt and sand content of the samples were determined along with their mean weight diameter (MWD) values, aggregate stability (AS) values, amount of water retained under −33 (FC) and −1500 kPa (WP) pressure and organic matter (OM) content. Correlation analysis indicated that clay content and OM were positively correlated with MWD, and OM was positively correlated with AS. However, the sand content was found to be negatively correlated with MWD. In addition, clay, silt and OM content were positive correlated with FC and WP. Variance analysis results determined statistically significant differences between the sampling sites with respect to all of the evaluated properties. The active delta section of the study area was characterized by high sand content, while the lower delta plain was characterized by high OM and AS values, and the upper delta plain was characterized by high MWD values, high FC and WP moisture content levels and high clay and silt content. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the examined properties were significantly affected by the different morphological positions and usages of these different areas. These results may help with the management of agricultural lands in the Batumi delta, which has never been studied before.

scholarly journals Determining the variation of soil properties in the Batumi Delta

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Turgut ◽  
Merve Ateş
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine certain basic properties of soils in the Batumi delta, to determine the relationships of studied properties, and to identify differences with regards to these properties between different sampling sites in the delta that were selected based on the delta morphology. In this context, a total of 125 soil samples were collected from five different sampling sites, and the clay, silt and sand content of the samples were determined along with their mean weight diameter (MWD) values, aggregate stability (AS) values, amount of water retained under −33 kPa (FC) and −1500 kPa (WP) pressure and organic matter (OM) content. Correlation analysis indicated that clay content and OM were positively correlated with MWD, and OM was positively correlated with AS. However, the sand content was found to be negatively correlated with MWD. In addition, clay, silt and OM content were positive correlated with FC and WP. Variance analysis results determined statistically significant differences between the sampling sites with respect to all of the evaluated properties. The active delta section of the study area was characterized by high sand content, while the lower delta plain was characterized by high OM and AS values, and the upper delta plain was characterized by high WMD values, high FC and WP moisture content levels and high clay and silt content. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the examined properties were significantly affected by the different morphological positions and usages of these different areas. These results may help with the management of agricultural lands in the Batumi delta, which has never been studied before.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KETERSEDIAAN AIR TANAH DAN SIFAT-SIFAT DASAR FISIKA TANAH

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Enny Dwi Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Wilting Point

This research was conducted to study relationship between soil moisture content and soil physical characteristics that affected the moisture.The soil samples were collected from 22 scattered sites of West Java and Central Java. Analysis of soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and soil moisture retention) and soil chemical property (organic matter) was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Analysis of simple linier regression was applied to know the correlation between soil moisture content and other basic soil physical properties.Availability of soil moisture (pF 4.20 – pF 2.54) significantly correlated with organic matter, total porosity, and micro pores. The higher organic matter content as well as total porosity and micro pores the higher available soil moisture. Soil moisture of field capacity significantly correlated with clay content, sand content, micro and macro pores. The higher clay content and micro pores the higher soil moisture of field capacity. In the contrary, the higher macro pores and sand content the lower the field capacity. Soil moisture of wilting point significantly correlated with clay content and macro pores. The higher clay content the higher the wilting point, while the higher macro pores the lower soil moisture of wilting point. Keywords : Available soil water, field capacity, organic matter, soil pores, wilting point

Sorption of Metribuzin in Surface and Subsurface Soils of the Mississippi Delta Region

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney S. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Distribution Constants

Sorption and desorption of metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] were measured in Dundee silty clay loam surface and subsurface soils. Soil samples were taken from a profile that had been divided into six sections from the surface to a depth of 175 cm. Metribuzin sorbed weakly to all soils from this profile with Freundlich distribution constants ranging from 0.78 to 1.34 μmole/kg. Soils from lower depths of the profile having higher pH (>7.0) and clay contents (>35%) sorbed significantly more metribuzin than the lower clay content, higher organic matter surface soils. Stepwise regression of the distribution constants against the variables pH, organic matter, clay content, and sand content showed that clay was the single best predictor, with sorption increasing as clay content increased (r2=0.750). The combination of two variables most related to sorption was clay and pH (r2=0.860, P= 0.15). Organic matter was not one of the primary variables related to sorption. Metribuzin was easily desorbed in all soils with less than 5% of the originally applied metribuzin remaining after three desorption treatments. This would indicate little tendency for irreversible sorption. This study demonstrates that soil properties within a profile determine sorption and, subsequently, movement of metribuzin.

scholarly journals Soil fertility status of some of the intensive crop growing areas under major agroecological zones of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Shil ◽  
MA Saleque ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
M Jahiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
High Level

Laboratory studies on soil fertility evaluation was carried out across major agroecological zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh to know the nutrient status of soils and to relate those with soil properties like pH, organic matter, CEC, and clay content. Thirty five composite soil samples were collected from intensive crop growing sites, which covered 17 AEZs of Bangladesh. After proper processing, the samples were analyzed for texture, pH, organic carbon, CEC, exchangeable cations (K, Ca, Mg and Na), total N, available P and S following standard methods. The textural class of the soils collected from AEZ 12 and 13 appeared to be mostly clay. Clay loam soil was found in AEZ 4, 8, 9, 11, 25 and 28. Loamy soil was seen in AEZ 1 while AEZ 22, 23 and 29 were mostly sandy textured. The results revealed that 65.7% of the tested soil was acidic while 25.7% was alkaline in nature. All the tested soils showed lower pHKCl compared to pHH2O thus possessed negative charge. About 68.6% of the collected soils contained low (1.10-1.70%) level of organic matter, 25.7% soils retained it at medium level (1.71-2.40) and 5.7% soils at very low level (<1.0%). All the tested soils appeared to be deficient (< 0.12%) in nitrogen content. 68.6% soil samples had the low level of available P while only 8.6% retained it an optimum amount. About 80% of the tested soils contained low level of available S (7.9- 14.7 mg kg -1) although coastal regions soils hold higher amount of available S. High CEC (20-38 cmol kg-1) was found in clay rich soils of AEZ 10, 11, 12, and 13. Study revealed that 40% of the collected soils were very low, 31.4% were low, 8.6% each of medium and optimum, and 11.4% contained high level of exchangeable K. The calcareous soils (AEZ 10, 11, 12 and 13) contained very high level of Ca. Non calcareous soils also showed fairly good level of Ca content except AEZ 1, 3, 23 and 29. Sandy textured soils of greater Dinajpur, Rangpur, Moulvibazar showed lower level of exchangeable Mg. About 86% of the tested soils had the lower (< 2%) potassium saturation percentage (KSP), which needs K application for sustainable crop production. Estimate showed that 44% variability for CEC may be attributed by clay content and the relationship was significant (p = 0.05). Again, 50.4 and 65.6% variability in exchangeable K and Mg, respectively may be governed by clay content of the soils, while such relationship for Ca was non-significant. CEC may contribute 62.2, 92.3 and 83.9% variability for exchangeable K, Ca and Mg content in soils, respectively. The fertility status of most of the studied soils (except AEZ 10, 12, 13 and to some extent 11) appeared to be low to very low, which demand judicious management in order to achieve food security and to conserve the soil fertility.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 735-757, December 2016

The effects of cultivation on the composition of organic-matter and structural stability of soils

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Golchin ◽  
P Clarke ◽  
JM Oades ◽  
JO Skjemstad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dispersible Clay ◽  
Different Soils

Soil samples were obtained from the surface horizons of five untilled sites and adjacent sites under short- and long-term cultivation. The soil samples were fractionated based on density and organic materials were concentrated in various fractions which enabled comparative chemical composition of the organic materials in cultivated and uncultivated sites by solid-state C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. Changes in the nature of organic carbon with cultivation were different in different soils and resulted from variations in the chemistry of carbon inputs to the soils and a greater extent of decomposition of organic materials in cultivated soils. Differences in the chemical composition of organic carbon between cultivated and uncultivated soils resided mostly in organic materials occluded within aggregates, whereas the chemistry of organic matter associated with clay particles showed only small changes. The results indicate a faster decomposition of O-alkyl C in the cultivated soils. Wet aggregate stability, mechanically dispersible clay and modulus of rupture tests were used to assess the effects of cultivation on structural stability of soils. In four of five soils, the virgin sites and sites which had been under long-term pasture had a greater aggregate stability than the cultivated sites. Neither total organic matter nor total O-alkyl C content was closely correlated with aggregate stability, suggesting that only a part of soil carbon or carbohydrate is involved in aggregate stability. The fractions of carbon and O-alkyl C present in the form of particulate organic matter occluded within aggregates were better correlated with aggregate stability (r = 0.86** and 0.88**, respectively). Cultivation was not the dominant factor influencing water-dispersible clay across the range of soil types used in this study. The amount of dispersible clay was a function of total clay content and the percentage of clay dispersed was controlled by factors such as clay mineralogy, CaCO3 and organic matter content of soils. The tendency of different soils for hard-setting and crusting, as a result of structural collapse, was reflected in the modulus of rupture (MOR). The cultivated sites had significantly higher MOR than their non-tilled counterparts. The soils studied had different MOR due to differences in their physical and chemical properties.

scholarly journals Influence of brick manufacturing on phosphorus and sulfur in different agro-ecological soils of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Reshma Akter ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin ◽  
Md Faruque Hossain ◽  
Zakia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Total P

A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of brick manufacturing on phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) concentrations in soil and plant collected from different distances of brick kilns in four AEZs of Bangladesh. Forty eight composite soil samples (0 - 15 cm depth) were collected from 48 points in 12 different sites at 0 m, 300 m, 800 m and 1500 m from brick kilns, where most (site 2, site 3, site 5, site 6, site 7, site 9 and site 10) of the brick kilns used coal for brick burning purposes. Plant samples (rice straw and different vegetables) were also collected from the respective fields except 0 m distances. Significantly (p ? 0.05) lower organic matter, cation exchange capacity, clay content and soil pH were found at 0 m distances compared to other distances. Highest concentration of total P in soil were recorded at 0 m distances and these concentrations decreased with increasing distances from the brick kilns in most of the sites; whereas available P is significantly lower at 0 m distances than that of other distances. Total and available concentration of S in soil followed the trend 0 m>300 m>800 m>1500 m. Maximum accumulation of P (69.15 mg kg-1) and S (0.14%) in plant was found at 800 m away from the brick kiln.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 123-131, December-2016

Comparison of aggregate stability within six soil profiles under conventional tillage using various laboratory tests

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka Kodešová ◽  
Marcela Rohošková ◽  
Anna Žigová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability

AbstractSoil structure stability was studied in every diagnostic horizons of six soil types (Haplic Chernozem, Greyic Phaeozem, two Haplic Luvisols, Haplic Cambisol, Dystric Cambisol) using different techniques investigating various destruction mechanisms of soil aggregates. Soil aggregate stability, assessed by the index of water stable aggregates (WSA), varied depending on the organic matter content, clay content and pHKCl. The presence of clay and organic matter coatings and fillings, and presence of iron oxides in some soils increased stability of soil aggregates. On the other hand periodical tillage apparently decreased aggregate stability in the Ap horizons. Coefficients of aggregate vulnerability resulting from fast wetting (KV 1) and slow wetting (KV 2) tests showed similar trends of the soil aggregate stability as the WSA index, when studied for soils developed on the similar parent material. There was found close correlation between the WSA index and the KV 1 value, which depended also on the organic matter content, clay content and pHKCl. Less significant correlation was obtained between the WSA index and the KV 2 value, which depended on the organic matter content and clay content. Coefficients of vulnerability resulting from the shaking after pre-wetting test (KV 3) showed considerably different trends in comparison to the other tests due to the different factors affecting aggregate stability against the mechanical destruction. The KV 3 value depended mostly on cation exchange capacity, pHKCl and organic matter content.

scholarly journals A Study of Some Physical Properties of Two Different Soil Textures Planted with Conocarpus Trees (Conocarpuslancifolius. Engl)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Nuhad S. S. AL- Wali ◽  
Kawthar A. AL- Mosawi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Unplanted Soil ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

This research has been conducted to study the effect of Conocarpus trees and their roots on some of soilphysical properties. The soil physical properties are moisture content , bulk density , total porosity , mean weight diameter (dry sieveing) and soil penetration resistance . Some soil samples are collected from two locations :the first location is Agric. College research, Garmat Ali, stations , Basra university , and the second location isZuwber province farm . The soil texture of the first location is silty clay which is classified as fine clay mixed Calcarioushy perthermictypictorrifluvent, while the soil texture of  the second location is sandy loam. This soil is classified with in species Entisol and under species psamments and high group , underhigh group and family (Typictorripsamments, Calcarious Mixed Hyperthermic).  The soil samples are collected from two soil depths( 0 – 30 and 30 – 60) from both locations are planted with Conocarpus trees, their ages ranged between 4 to 5 years . The trees height is 2.5 – 3.0 m . Another soil samples are also collected from unplanted soil  with Conocarpus trees. The results reveated that the silty clay soil is significantly surpassed the sandy loam soil in moisture content and mean weight diameter by a percentage of 68.76% and 32.91% respectively . Whereas, the bulk density and soil penetration resistance decreased , while the total porosity of the silty clay soil as compared with sandy loam soil .For unplanted soil, moisture content, the bulk density and the soil penetration resistance are increased as compared with planted soil . The soil depth (30 – 60)cm is surpassed soil depth of ( 0- 30)cm in giving higher values of moisture content andbulk density whereas it does not significantly affect the mean weight diameter and  soil penetration resistance .

scholarly journals A Mathematical Approach to Evaluating the Influence of Various Factors on the Stability of Aggregates in Vertisols

1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo López ◽  
Raúl Pérez Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Stability

A mathematical approach is presented in this paper to evaluate the influence of such factors as clay content, silt content, organic matter, Ca + Mg, and soluble sodium upon the stability of soil aggregates in a group of Vertisols from the Lajas Valley, P.R. The relationships between aggregate stability and silt and clay were not significant. When the percentage of organic matter was considered as the independent variable, a highly significant correlation coefficient of 0.66 was obtained. Therefore, almost 43 percent of the variability in aggregate stability could be explained on the basis of this single factor. Attempts to increase the percentage of the variability which could be explained in terms of the content of Ca + Mg, and also of soluble sodium, yielded correlation coefficients of 0.70 and 0.74, respectively. Thus, only a slight, but significant, additional increase could be explained when these variables were included.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil St ructural Stability Under Different Land Uses Using Some Predictive Indices in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
J Nwite
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
Core Soil ◽  
Dispersion Ratio

This study was carried out in order to assess soil structural stability under different land uses using predictive indices. Different land uses of forest land, cattle paddock, fallow land and continuously cultivated farmland were carefully identified within Abakaliki agroecology. Auger and core soil samples were collected at five sampling points using free survey technique in each land use. Core soil samples were used to determine predictive indices of bulk density, total porosity and hydraulic conductivity. Auger soil samples were bulked and used for determination of mean weight diameter (MWD), aggregate stability, dispersion ratio and particle size distribution. Data obtained were subjected to coefficient of variation (CV) analysis and standard deviation. Results showed that sand and clay fractions had little variation (%CV<7-8) but silt fraction varied moderately (%CV >28). Furthermore, bulk density, mean weight diameter, aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity were highly varied (%CV >112-245), total porosity had moderate variation (%CV >30) and dispersion ratio, high variation (%CV >80), respectively. The different land uses are generally rated according to their performance in their structural stability using the predictive indices as forestland>cattle paddock>fallow land>farmland. It is recommended that the practice of forestry, grazing, fallowing and other management practices which encourage formation and stabilization of soil structural stability be adopted for sustenance of higher soil productivity.

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