Sorption of Metribuzin in Surface and Subsurface Soils of the Mississippi Delta Region

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney S. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Distribution Constants

Sorption and desorption of metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] were measured in Dundee silty clay loam surface and subsurface soils. Soil samples were taken from a profile that had been divided into six sections from the surface to a depth of 175 cm. Metribuzin sorbed weakly to all soils from this profile with Freundlich distribution constants ranging from 0.78 to 1.34 μmole/kg. Soils from lower depths of the profile having higher pH (>7.0) and clay contents (>35%) sorbed significantly more metribuzin than the lower clay content, higher organic matter surface soils. Stepwise regression of the distribution constants against the variables pH, organic matter, clay content, and sand content showed that clay was the single best predictor, with sorption increasing as clay content increased (r2=0.750). The combination of two variables most related to sorption was clay and pH (r2=0.860, P= 0.15). Organic matter was not one of the primary variables related to sorption. Metribuzin was easily desorbed in all soils with less than 5% of the originally applied metribuzin remaining after three desorption treatments. This would indicate little tendency for irreversible sorption. This study demonstrates that soil properties within a profile determine sorption and, subsequently, movement of metribuzin.

Aggregate slaking during rapid wetting: Hydrophobicity and pore occlusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafida Zaher ◽  
Jean Caron
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

The slaking process after rapid wetting is a key factor controlling soil structural stability in dry soil, and an understanding of the relative importance of the different mechanisms involved in slaking may help in the design of management strategies aimed at maintaining a stable surface soil structure. Slaking has been linked to, among other factors, rapid pressure build-up in aggregate, and previous work has emphasized the role of organic matter to hamper that pressure build-up, possibly due to hydrophobicity, reducing rapid water entry within aggregates and hence the build-up. This study emphasizes this latter aspect linked to slaking. The evolution of the intra-aggregate pressure, the matter lost by slaking and the expelled air after rapid wetting of two soils of different textures (clay loam soil and silty-clay loam soil) amended with different types of paper sludge were studied. Hydrophobicity effects were also studied using a tensio-active solution. The results of these experiments showed that when aggregates were submitted to sudden wetting, those treated with paper sludge had an improved resistance to the destructive action of rapid wetting. The lower pressures measured in the aggregates from the amended soils and having less slaking resulted most likely from slow water entry and reduced swelling. Detailed investigation on the link between hydrophobicity and water entry revealed that the true hydrophobic effect (modification of contact angle) was non-existent for the silty-clay loam and minor for the clay loam. This study, rather, suggests that changes in the water potential at the wetting front following organic matter addition and aggregate immersion most likely depend on pore occlusion and on changes in pore surface roughness. Key words: Aggregate stability, organic matter, slaking, pressure, swelling, wettability

Fluometuron in Soil Solution as an Indicator of Its Efficacy in Three Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Gale A. Buchanan ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Richard M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

Analysis of fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] in soil solution after application of 0.5 or 1.0 ppmw revealed up to five-fold differences among three Alabama soils (Lucedale fine sandy loam, Decatur silty clay loam, and Sacul loam). Differences in fluometuron in soil solution were attributed to variable organic matter present and clay fractions. Fluometuron concentration in soil solution for each soil correlated well with control of four broadleaf weed species in a field experiment.

Influence of Various Soil Properties on the Adsorption and Desorption of ICIA-0051 in Five Soils

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Wilson ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
General Order ◽  
Highly Correlated

The soil organic matter and/or humic matter fraction was highly correlated with the adsorption of ICIA-0051 herbicide onto five soils; clay content and other soil factors were less correlated. The Freundlich equation was used to describe the adsorption of ICIA-0051 by the various soils. Based on the K constants, the general order for adsorption for each soil was Hyde silty clay loam > Frederick silt loam > Davidson clay = Bojac sandy loam > Appling loamy sand. Across all soils, 25 to 50% of the amount adsorbed was removed by two desorptions. Appling, Bojac, and Davidson soils retained less herbicide after two desorptions than did Frederick and Hyde.

scholarly journals Factors of soil diversity in the Batumi delta (Georgia)

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Turgut ◽  
Merve Ateş
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine certain basic properties of soils in the Batumi delta (southwestern Georgia) to determine the relationships of studied properties and to identify differences with regards to these properties between different sampling sites in the delta that were selected based on the delta morphology. In this context, a total of 125 soil samples were collected from five different sampling sites, and the clay, silt and sand content of the samples were determined along with their mean weight diameter (MWD) values, aggregate stability (AS) values, amount of water retained under −33 (FC) and −1500 kPa (WP) pressure and organic matter (OM) content. Correlation analysis indicated that clay content and OM were positively correlated with MWD, and OM was positively correlated with AS. However, the sand content was found to be negatively correlated with MWD. In addition, clay, silt and OM content were positive correlated with FC and WP. Variance analysis results determined statistically significant differences between the sampling sites with respect to all of the evaluated properties. The active delta section of the study area was characterized by high sand content, while the lower delta plain was characterized by high OM and AS values, and the upper delta plain was characterized by high MWD values, high FC and WP moisture content levels and high clay and silt content. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the examined properties were significantly affected by the different morphological positions and usages of these different areas. These results may help with the management of agricultural lands in the Batumi delta, which has never been studied before.

Availability and Persistence of Imazaquin, Imazethapyr, and Clomazone in Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Loux ◽  
Rex A. Liebl ◽  
Fred W. Slife
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Crop Injury

The availability and persistence of imazaquin, imazethapyr, and clomazone were studied in a Cisne silt loam (1.3% organic matter) and a Drummer silty clay loam (5.8% organic matter). Availability of all three herbicides to bioassay species was greater in the Cisne soil than in the Drummer soil. Corn root growth was more sensitive to imazaquin and imazethapyr than corn shoot growth. Shoot and root growth of wheat was inhbited by similar clomazone concentrations. In field experiments conducted in 1984, 1985, and 1986, all three herbicides were more persistent in the Drummer silty clay loam than in the Cisne silt loam. Clomazone and imazethapyr were detected by liquid or gas chromatographic analysis in the Drummer soil 3 yr following application. Crop injury occurred 5 months after application of imazaquin and clomazone to the Drummer soil. In the Cisne soil, only imazethapyr caused crop injury 5 months after application. Herbicide residues found below 7.5 cm were greater in the Drummer soil than in the Cisne soil.

Movement and Persistence of Picloram in Pasture Soils of Nebraska

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Scifres ◽  
O. C. Burnside ◽  
M. K. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Silty Clay Loam

More 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) was detected in soil samples by soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr., var. Ford) bioassay when the herbicide was applied in the fall than when it was applied in the spring to several pasture types. Downward movement was greater in sandy loam than in silty clay loam. Dissipation of picloram was greatest in the upper 12 inches regardless of soil type. More picloram was detected in the 24 to 36-inch depth from plots treated 1, 2, or 3 years before sampling than in plots sampled the year of treatment. This indicated downward movement into the subsoil.

scholarly journals Determining the variation of soil properties in the Batumi Delta

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Turgut ◽  
Merve Ateş
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine certain basic properties of soils in the Batumi delta, to determine the relationships of studied properties, and to identify differences with regards to these properties between different sampling sites in the delta that were selected based on the delta morphology. In this context, a total of 125 soil samples were collected from five different sampling sites, and the clay, silt and sand content of the samples were determined along with their mean weight diameter (MWD) values, aggregate stability (AS) values, amount of water retained under −33 kPa (FC) and −1500 kPa (WP) pressure and organic matter (OM) content. Correlation analysis indicated that clay content and OM were positively correlated with MWD, and OM was positively correlated with AS. However, the sand content was found to be negatively correlated with MWD. In addition, clay, silt and OM content were positive correlated with FC and WP. Variance analysis results determined statistically significant differences between the sampling sites with respect to all of the evaluated properties. The active delta section of the study area was characterized by high sand content, while the lower delta plain was characterized by high OM and AS values, and the upper delta plain was characterized by high WMD values, high FC and WP moisture content levels and high clay and silt content. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the examined properties were significantly affected by the different morphological positions and usages of these different areas. These results may help with the management of agricultural lands in the Batumi delta, which has never been studied before.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT SOIL FERTILITY MAP BY GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY FOR AL-SOUERA

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
AlBudeiri & AL-Aloosy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Class ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Fertile Soil

The study area is located in Wasit province, represented in Al-Souera about 60km south of Baghdad (464273.369- 463318.982) East and (3643443.734 - 3643798.3013) North. GIS technology was used to predict some of soil fertility parameters by using Kriging Application and to produce a final fertility map by standard method of assessment, building a database of soil characteristics in GIS environmental. The results showed: There were four classes of fertility assessment in the study area, very fertile soil class was not found because the study area did not contain the ideal state of the indicators used in soil fertility assessment. The fertile soil class in the study area was 7.53% from the total area were silty clay loam texture, high organic matter, neutral pH, moderately CaCO3, high CEC, high contain NPK, low ECe , and low ESP. The moderately fertile soil class in the study area was 51.99 % from the total area were silty clay loam texture, low organic matter, neutral pH, high CaCO3, high CEC, high contain NPK, low ECe, and low ESP. The slightly fertile soil class in the study area was 39.61 % from the total area were silty clay loam texture, moderately organic matter, neutral pH, high CaCO3, high CEC, high contain NPK, moderately ECe, and low ESP. The non-fertile soil class in the study area was 0.93% from study area. The soil productivity digresses because of low organic matter, high CaCO3, and high ECe.

Residual Phytotoxicity of Fluometuron in Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Darding ◽  
J. F. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Greenhouse Condition ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus

Initial and residual phytotoxicity of 3-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea (fluometuron) in seven soils was studied under greenhouse condition, using oats (Avena sativa L., var. Brave) as the bioassay species. The phytotoxicity of fluometuron in four of the soils, with an organic matter range of 1.0 to 5.0%, was not different at any one of the five cropping periods. Inactivation of fluometuron was more rapid in Eden silty clay loam with 3.3% organic matter than in Maury silty clay loam/silt loam with 7.2% organic matter. Phytotoxicity was significantly correlated with organic matter and soluble phosphorus during the first two cropping periods, and with cation exchange capacity, exchangeable calcium, total exchangeable bases, and soluble phosphorus during the last three croppings.

scholarly journals NITRIFICATION STUDIES WITH SOIL TYPES IN NORTHERN PUERTO RICO

1969 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-103
Author(s):  
Juan Amedee Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam

Experimental results have been reported on the nitrification rate of nine soil types from Northern Puerto Rico classified as: Catalina clay, Catalina clay level phase, Coto clay light texture phase, Espinosa clay, Lares clay loam, Mucara silty clay loam, Mucara silt loam, Sabana Seca clay and Toa silt loam. The various soil types are represented by twenty-one different soil samples. Some experimental data is also reported for a soil type from New Jersey classified as Sassafras sandy loam.

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