scholarly journals Mapping glaciers in Jotunheimen, South-Norway, during the "Little Ice Age" maximum

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baumann ◽  
S. Winkler ◽  
L. M. Andreassen
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract. The maximum glacier extent during the "Little Ice Age" (mid 18th century AD) in Jotunheimen, southern Norway, was mapped using remote sensing techniques. Interpretation of existing glaciochronological studies, analysis of geomorphological maps, and own GPS-field measurements were applied for validation of the mapping. The length of glacier centrelines and other inventory data were determined using a Geographical Information System (GIS) and a Digital Elevation Model. "Little Ice Age" maximum extent for a total of 233 glaciers comprising an overall glacier area of about 290 km2 was mapped. Mean length of the centreline was calculated to 1.6 km. Until AD 2003, the area and length shrank by 35% and 34%, respectively, compared with the maximum "Little Ice Age" extent.

scholarly journals Mapping and morphometric analysis of glaciers in Jotunheimen, South Norway, during the "Little Ice Age" maximum

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-381
Author(s):  
S. Baumann ◽  
S. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Flow Length ◽  
Glacier Flow

Abstract. This study provides mapping and analysis of the maximum glacier extent during the "Little Ice Age" in Jotunheimen, Southern Norway, on a regional scale. Remote sensing techniques were used to map the glacier area at the maximum of the "Little Ice Age" (mid 18th century AD). For validation of the mapping, interpretation of existing glaciochronological studies, analysis of geomorphological maps and our own field measurements using GPS have been applied. The flow length of the glaciers and other inventory data were determined by using a Geographical Information System and a digital elevation model. A total of 233 glaciers existed during the "Little Ice Age" maximum in Jotunheimen, comprising an overall glacier area of about 290 km2. Mean glacier flow length was calculated as about 1.6 km. Until AD 2003, the area shrank by about 35% and the mean flow length decreased by about 34%, compared with the maximum "Little Ice Age" extent.

scholarly journals Distribución espacial y temporal de glaciares, glaciares cubiertos y glaciares rocosos durante la última deglaciación en el valle de La Bonaigua (Pirineo Central)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-446
Author(s):  
J. Ventura-Roca
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Glacial Landforms ◽  
Central Pyrenees

The application of the paleogeographic method to the study of glacial landforms and rock glaciers allows their morphometric and sedimentological characterization, the establishment of a detailed morphostratigraphic sequence and a chronological proposal for the identified glacial phases. This study analyzes 86 landforms (57 glacial deposits, 21 rock glaciers and 8 protalus ramparts) in the Bonaigua Valley (Noguera Pallaresa Basin, Central Pyrenees), with special attention to the differentiation between debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers. Other subjects studied concerning rock glaciers are: distinguish its glacial or periglacial origin; the possible current activity of some landforms, and the detection of rock glaciers located at low altitudes (in the current forest environment) through the use of high-resolution digital elevation model (2x2 m) from LIDAR data. The chronological hypothesis elaborated by correlation with other high Pyrenean valleys (with absolute ages available) includes 7 phases (6 glacial phases and 1 periglacial phase) in which co-exist and/or evolve, in a paraglacial dynamic, glaciers, debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers, and that we temporarily place between the end of the Oldest Dryas and the Little Ice Age.

scholarly journals An Integrated Multi-Approach to Environmental Monitoring of a Self-Burning Coal Waste Pile: The São Pedro da Cova Mine (Porto, Portugal) Study Case

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Ana Teodoro ◽  
Patrícia Santos ◽  
Jorge Espinha Marques ◽  
Joana Ribeiro ◽  
Catarina Mansilha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Characterization ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Mining Residues

The São Pedro da Cova waste pile (Porto, Portugal) is composed of coal mining residues that have been self-burning since 2005 and is located close to an inhabited area and social infrastructures, further adding to effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, there is a great interest in the environmental monitoring of this waste pile. This work describes an integrative multi-approach that allows the environmental monitoring of several parameters of the waste pile, applying several technologies. The temperature measurements were obtained by a thermal infrared (TIR) sensor on board an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and supplemented with field measurements. In order to evaluate the altimetric variations, for each flight, a digital elevation model (DEM) was generated considering a multispectral sensor also on board the UAV. The hydrogeochemical characterization was performed through the analysis of groundwater and surface water samples, with and without the influence of mine drainage. The soil monitoring included the analysis of waste material as well as the surface soil in the surrounding area of the waste pile. All the data were analyzed and integrated in a geographical information system (GIS) open-source application. The adopted multi-approach methodology, given its intrinsic interdisciplinary character, has proven to be an effective way of encompassing the complexity of this type of environmental problem.

scholarly journals Status of Major Glaciers of Hunza River Basin, Under Changing Climatic Conditions of Pakistan Over the Period of (1990-2018)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Garee Khan ◽  
Wajid Hassan ◽  
Javed Akhter Qureshi ◽  
Iram Bano
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Hunza River

Abstract Ice masses and snow of Hunza River Basin (HRB) are an important primary source of fresh water and lifeline for downstream inhabitants. Changing climatic conditions seriously put an impact on these available ice and snow masses. These glaciers may affect downstream population by glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF) and surge events due to climatic variation. So, monitoring of these glaciers and available ice masses are important. This research delivers an approach for selected glaciers of the Hunza river basin. An attempt is made in this study using Landsat (OLI, ETM, ETM+, TM), digital elevation model (DEM), Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing techniques (RS&GIS) techniques. We delineated 27 glaciers within HRB from the period of 1990-2018. These glaciers' total area is about 2589.75 ±86km 2 in 1990 and about 2565.12 ±68km 2 in 2018. Our results revealed that from 2009 to 2015, glacier coverage of HRB advanced with a mean annual advance rate of 2.22±0.1 km 2 a -1 . Conversely, from 1994 to 1999, the strongest reduction in glacier area with a mean rate of - 3.126±0.3km 2 a -1 is recorded. The glaciers of HRB are relatively stable compared to Hindukush, Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau (TP) region of the world. The steep slope glacier's retreat rate is more than that of gentle slope glaciers, and the glaciers below elevation of 5000 m above sea level change significantly. Based on climate data from 1995-2018, HRB shows a decreasing trend in temperature and increasing precipitation. The glacier area's overall retreat is due to an increase in summer temperature while the glacier advancement is induced possibly by winter and autumn precipitation.

Recent, rapid and profound changes to glacier morphology and dynamics, Juneau Icefield, Alaska

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Davies ◽  
Jacob Bendle ◽  
Robert McNabb ◽  
Jonathan Carrivick ◽  
Christopher McNeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Geomorphological Mapping ◽  
Glacier Recession ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Imagery ◽  
Global Sea Level

<p>The Alaskan region (comprising glaciers in Alaska, British Columbia and Yukon) contains the third largest ice volume outside of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, and contributes more to global sea level rise than any other glacierised region defined by the Randolph Glacier Inventory. However, ice loss in this area is not linear, but in part controlled by glacier hypsometry as valley and outlet glaciers are at risk of becoming detached from their accumulation areas during thinning. Plateau icefields, such as Juneau Icefield in Alaska, are very sensitive to changes in Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) as this can result in rapidly shrinking accumulation areas. Here, we present detailed geomorphological mapping around Juneau Icefield and use this data to reconstruct the icefield during the “Little Ice Age”. We use topographic maps, archival aerial photographs, high-resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation models to map glacier lake and glacier area and volume change from the Little Ice Age to the present day (1770, 1948, 1979, 1990, 2005, 2015 and 2019 AD). Structural glaciological mapping (1979 and 2019) highlights structural and topographic controls on non-linear glacier recession.  Our data shows pronounced glacier thinning and recession in response to widespread detachment of outlet glaciers from their plateau accumulation areas. Glacier detachments became common after 2005, and occurred with increasing frequency since then. Total summed rates of area change increased eightfold from 1770-1948 (-6.14 km<sup>2</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>) to 2015-2019 (-45.23 km<sup>2</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>). Total rates of recession were consistent from 1770 to 1990 AD, and grew increasingly rapid after 2005, in line with regional warming.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Spatial Analysis in Detecting the Consequence of the Factory Sites : Case Study of Assalaya Factory-Sudan

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 12004
Author(s):  
Amar Sharaf Eldin Khair ◽  
Purwanto ◽  
Henna RyaSunoko ◽  
Omer Adam Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
White Nile ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Factory Site

Spatial analysis is considered as one of the most important science for identifying the most appropriate site for industrialization and also to alleviate the environmental ramifications caused by factories. This study aims at analyzing the Assalaya sugarcane factory site by the use of spatial analysis to determine whether it has ramification on the White Nile River. The methodology employed for this study is Global Position System (GPS) to identify the coordinate system of the study phenomena and other relative factors. The study will also make use Geographical Information System (GIS) to implement the spatial analysis. Satellite data (LandsatDem-Digital Elevation Model) will be considered for the study area and factory in identifying the consequences by analyzing the location of the factory through several features such as hydrological, contour line and geological analysis. Data analysis reveals that the factory site is inappropriate and according to observation on the ground it has consequences on the White Nile River. Based on the finding, the study recommended some suggestions to avoid the aftermath of any factory in general. We have to take advantage of this new technological method to aid in selecting most apt locations for industries that will create an ambient environment.

scholarly journals Mapping Glacier Forelands Based on UAV BVLOS Operation in Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Maciej Dąbski ◽  
Anna Zmarz ◽  
Mirosław Rodzewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Korczak-Abshire ◽  
Izabela Karsznia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Age ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Ground Moraine ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Tidewater Glaciers ◽  
Geomorphological Mapping ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Glacial Dynamics ◽  
Elevation Model

The aim of this article is to show geomorphological mapping of remote Antarctic locations using images taken by a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during the Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations. We mapped landform assemblages developed in forelands of Ecology Glacier (EGF), Sphinx Glacier (SGF) and Baranowski Glacier (BGF) in Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 128 (ASPA 128) on King George Island (South Shetland Islands) and inferred about glacial dynamics. The orthophoto and digital elevation model allowed for geomorphological mapping of glacial forelands, including (i) glacial depositional landforms, (ii) fluvial and fluvioglacial landforms, (iii) littoral and lacustrine landforms, (iv) bodies of water, and (v) other. The largest area is occupied by ground moraine and glacial lagoons on EGF and BGF. The most profound features of EGF are the large latero-frontal moraine ridges from Little Ice Age and the first half of the 20th century. Large areas of ground moraine, frequently fluted and marked with large recessional moraine ridges, dominate on SGF. A significant percentage of bedrock outcrops and end moraine complexes characterize BGF. The landform assemblages are typical for discontinuous fast ice flow of tidewater glaciers over a deformable bed. It is inferred that ice flow velocity decreased as a result of recession from the sea coast, resulting in a significant decrease in the length of ice cliffs and decrease in calving rate. Image acquisition during the fixed-wing UAV BVLOS operation proved to be a very robust technique in harsh polar conditions of King George Island.

scholarly journals Accelerating retreat and high-elevation thinning of glaciers in central Spitsbergen

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1317-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Małecki
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Geodetic Mass Balance ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract. Svalbard is a heavily glacier-covered archipelago in the Arctic. Dickson Land (DL), in the central part of the largest island, Spitsbergen, is relatively arid and, as a result, glaciers there are relatively small and restricted mostly to valleys and cirques. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of glacier changes in DL based on inventories compiled from topographic maps and digital elevation models for the Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum, the 1960s, 1990, and 2009/2011. Total glacier area has decreased by  ∼ 38 % since the LIA maximum, and front retreat increased over the study period. Recently, most of the local glaciers have been consistently thinning in all elevation bands, in contrast to larger Svalbard ice masses which remain closer to balance. The mean 1990–2009/2011 geodetic mass balance of glaciers in DL is among the most negative from the Svalbard regional means known from the literature.

scholarly journals Holocene and ‘Little Ice Age’ glacial activity in the Marboré Cirque, Monte Perdido Massif, Central Spanish Pyrenees

The Holocene ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1439-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M García-Ruiz ◽  
David Palacios ◽  
Nuria de Andrés ◽  
Blas L Valero-Garcés ◽  
Juan I López-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Exposure Dating ◽  
Glacial Expansion

The Marboré Cirque, which is located in the southern Central Pyrenees on the north face of the Monte Perdido Peak (42°40′0″N; 0.5°0″W; 3355 m), contains a wide variety of Holocene glacial and periglacial deposits, and those from the ‘Little Ice Age’ (‘LIA’) are particularly well developed. Based on geomorphological mapping, cosmogenic exposure dating and previous studies of lacustrine sediment cores, the different deposits were dated and a sequence of geomorphological and paleoenvironmental events was established as follows: (1) The Marboré Cirque was at least partially deglaciated before 12.7 kyr BP. (2) Some ice masses are likely to have persisted in the Early Holocene, although their moraines were destroyed by the advance of glaciers during the Mid Holocene and ‘LIA’. (3) A glacial expansion occurred during the Mid Holocene (5.1 ± 0.1 kyr), represented by a large push moraine that enclosed a unique ice mass at the foot of the Monte Perdido Massif. (4) A melting phase occurred at approximately 3.4 ± 0.2 and 2.5 ± 0.1 kyr (Bronze/Iron Ages) after one of the most important glacial advances of the Neoglacial period. (5) Another glacial expansion occurred during the Dark Age Cold Period (1.4–1.2 kyr), followed by a melting period during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. (6) The ‘LIA’ represented a clear stage of glacial expansion within the Marboré Cirque. Two different pulses of glaciation were detected, separated by a short retraction. The first pulse occurred most likely during the late 17th century or early 18th century (Maunder Minimum), whereas the second occurred between 1790 and ad 1830 (Dalton Minimum). A strong deglaciation process has affected the Marboré Cirque glaciers since the middle of the 19th century. (7) A large rock avalanche occurred during the Mid Holocene, leaving a chaotic deposit that was previously considered to be a Late Glacial moraine.

scholarly journals Causes of glacier change in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers on the Tibetan Plateau

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (167) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Jianping ◽  
Ding Yongjian ◽  
Chen Rensheng ◽  
Liu Shiyin ◽  
Lu Anxin
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
River Drainages ◽  
Topographical Maps

AbstractGlaciers are an important element of the environment in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers on the Tibetan Plateau. Using Geographical Information System techniques, we have studied changes in the location of glacier margins in two areas: the Geladandong area in the headwaters of the Yangtze, and the A’nyêmaqên Shan mountains in the headwaters of the Yellow River. Marginal positions during the Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum, in 1969 in the Geladandong area, in 1966 in the A’nyêmaqên Shan, and in 2000 in both areas, were determined using aerial photographs, satellite images, topographical maps and digital elevation models. Extrapolating the results to the entire source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers, we estimate that the total glacierized area decreased about 1.7% between 1969 and 2000 in the Geladandong area and about 17% between 1966 and 2000 in the A’nyêmaqên Shan. Glaciers were stable or advanced slightly between 1969 and 1995 in the Geladandong area, and between 1966 and 1981 in the A’nyêmaqên Shan, but have retreated since the mid-1990s in the former and since the 1980s in the latter. Significant increases in summer air temperature and decreases in annual precipitation are the causes of the present retreat. As a consequence of the retreat, water storage, as ice, in the Yangtze and Yellow river drainages is decreasing by 65–70 × 106 m3 a−1.

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