scholarly journals Mass gain of glaciers in Lahaul and Spiti region (North India) during the nineties revealed by in-situ and satellite geodetic measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 3733-3755 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vincent ◽  
A. Ramanathan ◽  
P. Wagnon ◽  
D. P. Dobhal ◽  
A. Linda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
North India ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Chhota Shigri Glacier ◽  
Geodetic Measurements ◽  
Spiti Region ◽  
Dem Differencing

Abstract. The volume change of Chhota Shigri Glacier (India, 32° N) between 1988 and 2010 has been determined using in-situ geodetic measurements. This glacier has experienced only a slight mass loss over the last 22 yr (–3.8 ± 1.8 m w.e.). Using satellite digital elevation models (DEM) differencing and field measurements, we measure a negative mass balance (MB) between 1999 and 2011 (–4.7 ± 1.8 m w.e.). Thus, we deduce a positive MB between 1988 and 1999 (+1.0 ± 2.5 m w.e.). Furthermore, satellite DEM differencing reveals a good correspondence between the MB of Chhota Shigri Glacier and the MB of an over 2000 km2 glaciarized area in the Lahaul and Spiti region during 1999–2011. We conclude that there has been no large ice wastage in this region over the last 22 yr, ice mass loss being limited to the last decade. This contrasts to the most recent compilation of MB data in the Himalayan range that indicates ice wastage since 1975, accelerating after 1990. For the rest of western Himalaya, available observations of glacier MBs are too sparse and discontinuous to provide a clear and relevant regional pattern of glacier volume change over the last two decades.

scholarly journals Balanced conditions or slight mass gain of glaciers in the Lahaul and Spiti region (northern India, Himalaya) during the nineties preceded recent mass loss

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vincent ◽  
Al. Ramanathan ◽  
P. Wagnon ◽  
D. P. Dobhal ◽  
A. Linda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Negative Mass ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Chhota Shigri Glacier ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Recent Compilation ◽  
Spiti Region ◽  
Dem Differencing

Abstract. The volume change of the Chhota Shigri Glacier (India, 32° 20 N, 77° 30' E) between 1988 and 2010 has been determined using in situ geodetic measurements. This glacier has experienced only a slight mass loss between 1988 and 2010 (−3.8 ± 2.0 m w.e. (water equivalent) corresponding to −0.17 ± 0.09 m w.e. yr−1). Using satellite digital elevation models (DEM) differencing and field measurements, we measure a negative mass balance (MB) between 1999 and 2010 (−4.8 ± 1.8 m w.e. corresponding to −0.44 ± 0.16 m w.e. yr−1). Thus, we deduce a slightly positive or near-zero MB between 1988 and 1999 (+1.0 ± 2.7 m w.e. corresponding to +0.09 ± 0.24 m w.e. yr−1). Furthermore, satellite DEM differencing reveals that the MB of the Chhota Shigri Glacier (−0.39 ± 0.15 m w.e. yr−1) has been only slightly less negative than the MB of a 2110 km2 glaciarized area in the Lahaul and Spiti region (−0.44 ± 0.09 m w.e. yr−1) during 1999−2011. Hence, we conclude that the ice wastage is probably moderate in this region over the last 22 yr, with near equilibrium conditions during the nineties, and an ice mass loss after. The turning point from balanced to negative mass budget is not known but lies probably in the late nineties and at the latest in 1999. This positive or near-zero MB for Chhota Shigri Glacier (and probably for the surrounding glaciers of the Lahaul and Spiti region) during at least part of the 1990s contrasts with a recent compilation of MB data in the Himalayan range that indicated ice wastage since 1975. However, in agreement with this compilation, we confirm more negative balances since the beginning of the 21st century.

A 3D mixed ion/electron conducting scaffold by in-situ conversion for long-life lithium metal anodes

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai Jiang ◽  
Qingyuan Dong ◽  
Maohui Bai ◽  
Furong Qin ◽  
Maoyi Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anode Material ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Dendrite Growth ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Lithium Metal Anodes ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Metal Anodes

Lithium (Li) metal is widely considered as the most promising anode material because of ultrahigh specific energy. However, obvious volume change and uncontrollable dendrite growth hinder its commercial application. Herein,...

scholarly journals Glacier Surface Mass Balance in the Suntar-Khayata Mountains, Northeastern Siberia

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Zongli Jiang ◽  
Junfeng Wei ◽  
Hiroyuki Enomoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Surface Mass Balance ◽  
Negative Mass ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Rapid Mass

Arctic glaciers comprise a small fraction of the world’s land ice area, but their ongoing mass loss currently represents a large cryospheric contribution to the sea level rise. In the Suntar-Khayata Mountains (SKMs) of northeastern Siberia, in situ measurements of glacier surface mass balance (SMB) are relatively sparse, limiting our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of regional mass loss. Here, we present SMB time series for all glaciers in the SKMs, estimated through a glacier SMB model. Our results yielded an average SMB of −0.22 m water equivalents (w.e.) year−1 for the whole region during 1951–2011. We found that 77.4% of these glaciers had a negative mass balance and detected slightly negative mass balance prior to 1991 and significantly rapid mass loss since 1991. The analysis suggests that the rapidly accelerating mass loss was dominated by increased surface melting, while the importance of refreezing in the SMB progressively decreased over time. Projections under two future climate scenarios confirmed the sustained rapid shrinkage of these glaciers. In response to temperature rise, the total present glacier area is likely to decrease by around 50% during the period 2071–2100 under representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5).

An SiOx anode strengthened by the self-catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3808-3816
Author(s):  
Hongjin Xue ◽  
Yong Cheng ◽  
Qianqian Gu ◽  
Zhaomin Wang ◽  
Yabin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
The Self ◽  
Catalytic Growth ◽  
Large Volume Change

A close-knit CNTs coating that in-situ grown on the SiOx particles realizes the “soft-combination” between SiOx and CNTs, thus conquering the long-lasting issues of poor conductivity and large volume change of SiOx faced.

Wintertime surface energy balance of a high-altitude seasonal snow surface in Chhota Shigri glacier basin, Western Himalaya

2017 ◽  
Vol 462 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Soheb ◽  
Alagappan Ramanathan ◽  
Arindan Mandal ◽  
Thupstan Angchuk ◽  
Naveen Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Snow Surface ◽  
Seasonal Snow ◽  
Chhota Shigri Glacier

Understanding Volume Change in Lithium-Ion Cells during Charging and Discharging Using In Situ Measurements

2007 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. A14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianming Wang ◽  
Yoshitsugu Sone ◽  
Go Segami ◽  
Hitoshi Naito ◽  
Chisa Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells

In Situ Observation of Phase Transformations during Welding of Low Transformation Temperature Filler Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 3769-3774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Kromm ◽  
Thomas Kannengiesser ◽  
Jens Gibmeier
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Transformation Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Transformation Temperatures ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

Tensile residual stresses introduced by conventional welding processes diminish the crack resistance and the fatigue lifetime of welded components. In order to generate beneficial compressive residual stresses at the surface of a welded component, various post-weld treatment procedures are available, like shot peening, hammering, etc. These post-weld treatments are, however time and cost extensive. An attractive alternative is to generate compressive stresses over the complete weld joint in the course of the welding procedure by means of so-called Low Transformation Temperature (LTT) filler materials. The volume change induced by the transformation affects the residual stresses in the weld and its vicinity. LTT fillers exhibit a relatively low transformation temperature and a positive volume change, resulting in compressive residual stresses in the weld area. In-situ measurements of diffraction profiles during real welding experiments using Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA)-welding process were realized successfully for the first time. Transformation temperatures during heating and subsequent cooling of LTT welding material could be assessed by means of energy dispersive diffraction using high energy synchrotron radiation. The results show that the temperature of martensite start (Ms) is strongly dependent on the content of alloying elements. In addition the results indicate that different phase transformation temperatures are present depending on the welding depth. Additional determination of residual stresses allowed it to pull together time and temperature resolved phase transformations and the resulting phase specific residual stresses. It was shown, that for the evaluation of the residual stress state of LTT welds the coexisting martensitic and austenitic phases have to be taken into account when describing the global stress condition of the respective material in detail.

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