scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism involved in the mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of permanent teeth

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ticiana Medeiros Sabóia ◽  
Patricia Nivoloni Tannure ◽  
Ronir Raggio Luiz ◽  
Marcelo De Castro Costa ◽  
Jose Mauro Granjeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Clinical Records

Studies indicate that tooth crown diameters are clinical markers for sex differentiation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the degree of sexual dimorphism in different teeth. Maximum mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions of 2400 permanent teeth from 100 pretreatment orthodontic dental study casts and clinical records (50 males and 50 females) from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were examined. Comparison of the MD and BL dimensions between males and females was performed using the Student’s t test with alpha 0.05, effect size, and discriminant function analysis. Comparisons in MD and BL widths between sexes demonstrated that the combined mean in the female group presented reduction when compared with the male group, except for the BL dimension of tooth 26. In regard to the MD dimensions, statistically significant differences were observed in various dental groups. The greatest sexual dimorphism was observed in the left mandibular canine (p<0.001) with effect size over 0.8 (0.94), which characterizes large effect. In BL dimension, numerous teeth demonstrated statistical differences between the sexes. Our findings reinforced the magnitude of sexual dimorphism in tooth size, and, in addition, highlighted the differences in specific dental groups.

scholarly journals Prevalence of odontogenic pain and associated factors in children treated at a pediatric dental emergency service

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Camila Erlacher Muller ◽  
Manoelito Ferreira Silva Junior ◽  
Elaine Cristina Vargas Dadalto ◽  
Ana Paula Martins Gomes ◽  
Lilian Citty Sarmento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Deciduous Tooth ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Dental Emergency

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and to analyze the factors associated with odontogenic pain among children at a pediatric dental emergency service.METHODS: The retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using the clinical records of children (0 to 12 years old) attended from 2003 to 2010 at the Pediatric Dentistry Emergency Service of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. The information was collected by a researcher, and a structured form was used to collect all data from patients’ records. A bivariate analysis of the absolute and relative frequencies of odontogenic pain (spontaneous and induced) and associated factors (age, gender, diagnosis, treatment and referrals) was performed with the chi-square or Fisher tests (p<0.05).RESULTS: Of the 574 records examined, 308 (53.7%) had reported odontogenic pain. The majority of the individuals were male (51.0%) between 4 and 8 years of age (40.9%). Odontogenic pain affected more frequently the deciduous tooth (76.9%), with induced dental pain (54.5%), diagnosed with dental caries (54.5%), which was treated with extraction (21.4%), and referred to another clinic (59.7%). The type of odontogenic pain was not associated with gender, age group or affected tissue (p>0.05), but there was a higher prevalence of spontaneous pain in children with caries in a deciduous tooth with pulpal involvement, who were treated with endodontic medication and endodontic treatment (p<0.05). Among children with induced pain, there was a higher prevalence of trauma and decay in deciduous and permanent teeth without pulpal involvement, and they received temporary restoration and were referred to the trauma project (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: There was higher prevalence of odontogenic pain in children between 4-8 years of age, with deciduous dentition and dental caries. The type of odontogenic pain was associated with diagnosis, treatment and referral, but was not associated with gender and age.

scholarly journals Dimensions of Foramen Magnum for Estimation of Sex in Nepalese Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
M.R. Maharjan ◽  
Eugen Dolma Walung ◽  
R. Shrestha ◽  
J. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Human skull is considered as one of the most reliable bones for sex differentiation. This study is an attempt to estimate sex, using variations in dimensions of Foramen Magnum among the Nepalese population. Most studies on the skull have been carried out in dry skull, using ectocranial measurements. This study on sexual dimorphism in Foramen Magnum of Nepalese population was carried out in wet skull and measurements are taken intracranially by using sliding Vernier’s caliper. A cross-sectional study of 96 medico-legal autopsies (53 males and 43 females) was conducted at Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, to establish reference standards for sexual dimorphism of dimensions of Foramen Magnum. The mean antero-posterior diameter (APD) was found to be 33.45 mm in males and 30.70 mm in females. The mean transverse diameter (TD) was found to be 27.64 mm in males and 25.19 mm in females. Both APD and TD were found to have statistically significant dimorphism between the sexes. Discriminant function analysis showed that the accuracy ranged between 55.8% and 81.4 % with use of both APD and TD showing the most accurate classification. Binary logistic regression showed that 69.8% were correctly classified as female and 79.2 % were correctly classified as male and 75% on overall population.

scholarly journals Wylie-Johnson analysis of adolescents of Afro-Brazilian descent with normal occlusion: investigation of the mean values

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Lígia Maria LORENZI ◽  
Darcy Flávio NOUER ◽  
Ivana Uglik GARBUI ◽  
Vânia FONTANELLA ◽  
Nelson PADILHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Bimaxillary Protrusion ◽  
Afro Brazilian

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate mean cephalometric measurements for a group of individuals of Afro-Brazilian descent using the Wylie-Johnson analysis, and to investigate the presence of sexual dimorphism. METHODS: Thirty-six lateral radiographs of the head of African-Brazilians were used. Subjects were 10 to 14 years old and had clinically normal occlusion, all permanent teeth, and no history of orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: Results for girls and boys were, respectively: SNA 88.31º and 89.68º; SNB 83.96º and 85.01º; ANB 4.44º and 4.69º; 1:1= 118.18º and 116.51º; FG-ST 16.47 mm and 16.12 mm; ST-Pmf 19.69 mm and 19.88 mm; Pmf-ANS 53.69 mm and 54.84 mm; Pmf-1ºMS 21.83 mm and 20.64 mm; FG-Pg 108.19 mm and 108.45 mm; FPL -MPL 27.48º and 27.65º; TAFH 111.06 mm and 112.26 mm; UAFH 45.26 mm and 45.38 mm; LAFH 65.80 mm and 66.88 mm; FG-FPL 1.069 mm and -2.086 mm; MBL 70.24 mm and 69.67 mm; MRH 51.89 mm and 53.70 mm; gonial angle 129.27º and 129.28º. Results of Student's-t test (α=5%) did not show any sexual dimorphism. Results of descriptive statistics were similar for the individuals of Afro-Brazilian descent in the study. CONCLUSION: Individuals of African descent had bimaxillary protrusion, a more acute interincisal angle, a larger inferior facial height, and a markedly convex profile.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Different Postactivation Potentiation Protocols on Traditional Rowing Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Alfonso Penichet-Tomas ◽  
Jose M. Jimenez-Olmedo ◽  
Luis Serra Torregrosa ◽  
Basilio Pueo
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Load Intensity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Student’S T

Postactivation potentiation (PAP) describes an initial muscular activation with a submaximal or maximal load intensity that produces acute improvements in muscle power and performance in subsequent explosive activities. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different PAP protocols in rowing performance. A crossover design involving seven rowers was used, in which two different PAP protocols were applied: PAP of maximal conditioning contractions (PAP MCC) on a rowing ergometer to provide greater transferability and, thus, enhance the magnitude of PAP stimuli on subsequent rowing performance; and PAP of maximal strength contractions (PAP MSC) in half squat and bench pull exercises, similar to the main exercises in rowing strength training, to perform a 20 s “all-out” test simulating a competition start. Student’s t-test was used to compare means of the variables (p < 0.05). Effect size statistics were calculated using Cohen’s d. The PAP MCC protocol resulted in significant differences, with an extremely large effect size in average power output (p = 0.034, d = 0.98) in the first 3 (p = 0.019, d = 1.15) and first 5 (p = 0.036, d = 0.91) strokes. This group also reached a greater number of strokes (p = 0.049, d = 2.29) and strokes per minute (p = 0.046, d = 1.15). PAP with maximal conditioning contractions in rowing warm-up enhanced subsequent rowing sprint and is an advisable strategy to potentiate performance at the start of rowing competitions and sprint regattas.

scholarly journals Photographic Facial Soft Tissue Analysis by Means of Linear and Angular Measurements in an Adolescent Persian Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Moshkelgosha ◽  
Sheida Fathinejad ◽  
Zeinab Pakizeh ◽  
Mohammad Shamsa ◽  
Ali Golkari
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
School Students ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Mouth Width ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective : To obtain objective average measurements of the profile and frontal facial soft tissue to be used as a guide for aesthetic treatment goals. Methods and Materials : This observational study included 110 females and 130 males high school students aged 16-18 years. None of the subjects had any facial deformities. All of them and their parents gave consent to take part in this study. In each case, two standard photographs of profile and frontal views were taken 27 landmarks were digitized on photographs. The mean, standard deviation, and range for a total of 43 facial indices were calculated digitally by computer software. The Student’s t-test was used to compare males and females. Results : The ratio between the lower and middle facial thirds was one to one, but the height of the upper facial third was proportionally smaller than the other two-thirds in both sexes. Boys had greater nasal length, depth, and prominence than girls with statistically significant differences. Both upper and lower lips were more prominent in girls than in boys. All measurements of the chin showed sexual dimorphism characterized by greater chin height and prominence and deeper mentolabial sulcus. Boys had greater facial dimensions than girls. Mouth width, nasal base width, and intercanthal distance were significantly greater in boys. Conclusion : The labial, nasal, and chin areas showed sexual dimorphism in most of the parameters used in this study. Boys had larger faces, greater facial heights, longer nasal, labial, and chin lengths, and greater nasal, labial, and chin prominence.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF ACUTE INJURY OF TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT FRONTAL TEETH IN CHILDREN, ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT MEASURES AND THEIR EFFECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-742
Author(s):  
Valentina P. Trufanova ◽  
Olha V. Sheshukova ◽  
Natalia A. Lyakhova ◽  
Tetiana V. Polishchuk ◽  
Sofia S. Bauman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Permanent Tooth ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
Jaw Apparatus ◽  
Treatment Measures

The aim: To determine the structure of acute injuries of temporary and permanent frontal teeth in children, to analyze the applied diagnostic and treatment measures for acute tooth trauma and to investigate their effectiveness. Materials and methods: The subject of the study were 31 children aged 2-12 years with acute temporary and permanent tooth trauma. Methods: clinical (radiological, thermodiagnosis), medical and statistical. Results: The number of injured permanent teeth was greater than the number of injured temporary teeth. The pattern of temporary and permanent tooth injuries differed, so in temporary teeth dislocations were observed, and in permanent teeth fractures prevailed over dislocations. In our opinion, this is due to the peculiarities of the anatomy of the temporary teeth. Usually, the therapeutic tactics of acute temporary teeth injuries is to remove them, despite their important role in the growth and development of jaws, physiological formation and eruption of permanent teeth. The therapeutic tactics of dynamic observation in the case of intrusive dislocation of the temporary tooth were selected in the clinic of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry. In some cases, with a slight change in the position of the temporary tooth, self-regulation of its position was observed, in other cases the tooth remained dystopic, but its viability remained in 50% of cases. Therapeutic tactics of acute injuries of permanent teeth were selected according to the type of trauma. In the case of permanent tooth dislocation, with a slight change in its position, tooth immobilization was carried out by splinting with fiberglass tape and photopolymer composite material. Conclusions: Our observations have shown that the complex of modern specialized medical care for the affected children with acute traumatic injuries of the teeth should be guided by their preservation, which ensures the subsequent normal formation of the dental-jaw apparatus. To ensure these conditions, a long, reliable immobilization of the damaged tooth is required as soon as possible after injury.

Transcription factor GATA-4 is expressed in a sexually dimorphic pattern during mouse gonadal development and is a potent activator of the Mullerian inhibiting substance promoter

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (14) ◽  
pp. 2665-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Viger ◽  
C. Mertineit ◽  
J.M. Trasler ◽  
M. Nemer
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Müllerian Inhibiting Substance ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
Mullerian Inhibiting Substance

Mammalian gonadal development and sexual differentiation are complex processes that require the coordinated expression of a specific set of genes in a strict spatiotemporal manner. Although some of these genes have been identified, the molecular pathways, including transcription factors, that are critical for the early events of lineage commitment and sexual dimorphism, remain poorly understood. GATA-4, a member of the GATA family of transcription factors, is present in the gonads and may be a regulator of gonadal gene expression. We have analyzed the ontogeny of gonadal GATA-4 expression by immunohistochemistry. GATA-4 protein was detected as early as embryonic day 11.5 in the primitive gonads of both XX and XY mouse embryos. In both sexes, GATA-4 specifically marked the developing somatic cell lineages (Sertoli in testis and granulosa in ovary) but not primordial germ cells. Interestingly, abundant GATA-4 expression was maintained in Sertoli cells throughout embryonic development but was markedly down-regulated shortly after the histological differentiation of the ovary on embryonic day 13.5. This pattern of expression suggested that GATA-4 might be involved in early gonadal development and possibly sexual dimorphism. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that the Mullerian inhibiting substance promoter which harbors a conserved GATA element is a downstream target for GATA-4. Thus, transcription factor GATA-4 may be a new factor in the cascade of regulators that control gonadal development and sex differentiation in mammals.

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type II in Children: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Garrocho-Rangel ◽  
Irma Dávila-Zapata ◽  
Ricardo Martínez-Rider ◽  
Socorro Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Amaury Pozos-Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta type II (DI2), also known as hereditary opalescent dentin, is one of the most common genetic disorders affecting the structure of dentin, not related with osteogenesis imperfecta, which involves both primary and permanent dentitions. The purpose of this article is to perform a scoping review of the published peer-reviewed literature (1986–2017) on DI2 management in children and to outline the most relevant clinical findings extracted from this review. Forty four articles were included in the present scoping review. According to the extracted data, the following are the most important tasks to be performed in clinical pediatric dentistry: to re-establish the oral mastication, esthetics, and speech, and the development of vertical growth of alveolar bone and facial muscles; to reduce the tendency to develop caries, periapical lesions and pain; to preserve vitality, form, and size of the dentition; to avoid interfering with the eruption process of permanent teeth; to decrease the risk of tooth fractures and occlusion disturbances; to return the facial profile to a more normal appearance; and to prevent or treat possible temporomandibular joint problems. Therefore, Pediatric Dentists should bear in mind that early diagnosis and treatment, together a long-term follow-up of DI2 in children, continue to be the best approaches for achieving enhanced patient psychological well-being and, in consequence, their quality of life.

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